2. What is disaster management
???
o “A disaster can be defined as any occurrence
o “A disaster can be defined as an occurence
either nature or manmade that causes human
suffering and creates human needs that victims
cannot alleviate without assistance".
American Red Cross (ARC)'
that cause damage,ecological disruption,loss of
human life,deterioration of health and health
services on a scale,sufficient to warrant an
extraordinary response from outside the affected
community or area".
(W.H.O.)
3. Preparedness --activities prior to a disaster.
Exarmples:preparedness plans;emergency
Response -activities during a disaster.
Examples: publie warning systems;
emergency operations;search and
rescue.
Reeovery -activities following a disaster.
Examples:temporary housing;claims
processing and grants;long-term medical
care and counseling.
Mitigation -activities that reduce the effects of
disasters.
Examples:building codes and zoning;vulnerability
analyses;public education.
What is Disaster Management
exercises/training;warning systems.
6. PRINCIPLES OF DISASTER MMANAGEMENT
o Disaster management is the responsibility of all
spheres of government
o Disaster management should use resources that
exist for a day-to-day purpose.
o Organizations should function as an extension of
their core business
o Individuals are responsible for their own safety.
o Disaster management planning should focus on
large-scale events.
7. Contd.…
o DM planning should recognize the difference
between incidents and disasters.
o DM planning must take account of the type of
physical environment and the structure of the
population.
o DM arrangements must recognise the involvement
and potential role of non-government agencies.
9. Disaster preparedness
Preparedness should be in the form of
money,manpower and materials
o Evaluation from past experiences about risk
o Location of disaster prone areas
o Organization of communication,information
and waning system
o Ensuring co-ordination and response
mechanisms
10. Contd…
o Development of public education
programme
o Co-ordination with media
o National &international relations
o Keeping stock of foods,drug and other
essential commodities.
11. E.g.:Indian Meteorological department (IMD) plays a key role
in forewarning the disaster of cyclone-storms by detection tracing.It has
5 centres in Kolkata,Bhubaneswar,Vishakapatanam,Chennai &
Mumbai.In addition there are 31 special observation posts setup a long
the east coast of India.
The International Agencies which provides humanitarian assistance to the
disaster strike areas are United Nation agencies.
Office for the co-ordination of Humanitarian Affair (OCHA)
>World Health Organization (WHO)
>UNICEF
>World Food Programme (WFP)
>Food &Agricultural Organisation (FAD)
E.g.:Non Governmental Organizations
o Co-Operative American Relief Everywhere (CARE)
o International committee of Red cross
o International committee of Red cross
15. Disaster mitigation
o This involves lessening the likely effects of emergencies.
o These include depending upon the disaster,protection of
vulnerable population and structure.
Eg.improving structural qualities of schools,houses and such other
buildings so that medical causalities can be minimized.
o Similarly ensuring the safety of health facilities and public health
services including water supply and sewerage system to reduce the
cost of rehabilitation and reconstruction.
This mitigation compliments the disaster preparedness and disaster
response activities.
16. India's Vulnerability to Disasters
o 57%land is vulnerable to earthquakes.Of
these,12%is vulnerable to severe earthquakes.
o 68%land is vulnerable to drought.
o 12%land is vulnerable to floods.
o8%land is vulnerable to cyclones.
o Apart from natural disasters,some cities in India
are also vulnerable to chemical and industrial
disasters and man-made disasters.
17. New Directions for Disaster Management in
India
o The National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA)has
been set up as the apex body for Disaster Management in
India,with the Prime Minister as its Chairman.
o Disaster Management Authorities will be set up at the State
and District Levels to beheaded by the Chief Ministers and
Collectors/Zilla Parishad Chairmen respectively.
18. New Directions for Disaster Management in
India
oA National Disaster Mitigation Fund will be administerd by NDMA .
States and districts will administer mitigation funds.
o A National Disaster Response Fund will be administerd by NDMA
through the National Executive Committee.States and Districts will
administer state Disaster Response Fund and Disaster Response Fund
respectively.
o8 Battalions of National Disaster Response Force (NDRF)are being
trained and deployed with CSSR and MFR equipments and tools in
eight strategic locations.
o A National Disaster Management Policy and National Disaster
Response Plan will also be drawn up.
19. ·In the past two decades,India's public policy on
disaster management has shifted from a focus on
relief and rehabilitation efforts to holistic
management of disasters.
This new policy approach incorporates pre-
disaster issues of prevention,mitigation,and
preparedness,as well as post-disaster issues of
response,recovery,and reconstruction.
● New initiatives,such as mainstreaming disaster
risk reduction in development,building capacity
through education and greater awareness at all
levels,and utilizing advanced technologies,have
enhanced India's preparedness for each phase of
disaster management.
DISASTER MANAGEMENT ISSUE
20. · Climate change has far-reaching implications
for managing disaster risk in India,as the
frequency and intensity of flash floods,
landslides,droughts,cyclones,and storm
surges are expected to increase in upcoming
decades.
Unsafe building practices in rapidly growing
urban settlements constitute one of India's
greatest challenges for disaster management.
A major earthquake in any of India's densely
and heavily populated cities in seismic zones
would be catastrophic in terms of fatalities
21. · Policy Implications
· While significant achievements have been made in
post-disaster response and reconstruction,there
are still formidable challenges to reducing the risk
of future disasters.
●Disaster management policies must incorporate
programs to protect the most vulnerable segments
of society-the poor,marginalized,women,
children,disabled,and elderly.
● .Mechanisms must be designed and adopted for
transferring lessons learned for pre-and post-
disaster management between communities.
Policy Implications
22. Given that natural disasters do not always
follow national boundaries,cross-boundary
issues of disaster management should be
addressed through enhanced regional
cooperation.Furthermore,an effective
regional response system should be developed
to pool capacity for mutual benefit.
● Left extremism is likely to be one of the most
serious challenges to Indian security in the
forthcoming decade if the government does
not address basic issues of governance and
accountability.
●
