Data High Availability With TIDB

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This document discusses data high availability with TiDB. It provides an overview of TiDB's architecture including TiKV for data storage using Raft consensus, Placement Driver (PD) for orchestration, and TiFlash for analytics. It describes how TiDB uses labels to place regions across nodes to achieve high availability and fault tolerance. It also discusses election processes, replication, and automatic failover to maintain high availability of the TiDB cluster.

Technologie

Data High Availability With TiDB
Oct 28th, 2023
Mydbops MyWebinar - 28
Kabilesh PR
Co-Founder, Mydbops

Mydbops
at a
glance
300+
Clients
3000+
Servers
ISO & PCI DSS
Certified
7 Yrs of
Expertise
AWS Advanced
Consulting Partner
TiDB PingCap
Partner

Mydbops Services
Consulting
Services
Managed
Services
MySQL, MongoDB, PostgreSQL, TiDB & Cassandra
Targeted
Engagement
24 x 7
DBA Team

Agenda
What is TiDB ?
Architecture
Labels
High Availability

What is TiDB ?
An Open Source distributed SQL database by PingCAP
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Scalable in both ways
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Supports both Transactional and Analytical (HTAP)
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Compatible with MySQL protocol
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Highly available
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Fault Tolerant
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Architecture
TiDB cluster - SQL layer
TiKV - Storage layer
Placement Driver(PD) - Orchestrator
TiFlash - Analytical columnar storage

TiKV - Data Storage
Stateful
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Persistent storage with RocksDB
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Distributed storage & transaction support
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Strong Consistency
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Min 3 nodes (HA by default)
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What is RAFT ?
RAFT is a Consensus based method to replicate data and maintain HA
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Reliable, Replicated , Redundant, And Fault-Tolerant (RAFT)
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A Raft group has a leader and followers
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Leader handles RW ops
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Followers Participate in Election & Data Reads
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TiKV - Regions and Raft
Region - Smallest data unit for replication
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Each region is replicated 3 times and distributed among TiKV
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Regions are automatically balanced across TiKV nodes
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The replicas for one region forms a RAFT group
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Default Region size is 96M
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Services (LB)
Stateful Sets
Operator Maturity
TiKV - Regions and Raft

Replication With Regions
Leader replicates log info to the followers
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Wait for quorum ack and marks write as durable
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From the logs data is synced to RocksDB KV
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TiFlash sync from the log using Raft-learner
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Replication Process
PROPOSE - Write request at leader written to Raftlog
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APPEND - Raft-log is written locally to RAFTEngine
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REPLICATE - Raft-log replicates to the followers
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APPEND - Raft-log is written locally to RAFTEngine
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COMMIT - ACK back to the leader on Durable Raft-log
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APPLY - Write from RAFT log to TiKV RocksDB
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Election Scenarios
RAFT always ensures to have only one leader for the regions
Heart Beat Failures - N/W failures , node crash
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New Region Split
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Node Restart
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Election Timeout
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Election Process
Raft Maintains Terms, A leader will last till this Period
Leader Emits Heart-beat to its followers
When Heart Beat fails due to node-crash or N/W
Followers change role to CANDIDATE also Increment the TERM
Vote itself & then sends VOTING request to other nodes along the TERM
value
On MAJORITY it becomes the leader and sends back the HB

Placement Driver - HA
PD consists at least 3 NODES
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Auto Failover with ETCD cluster
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RAFT with ETCD to have strong consistency
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PD Leader servers the requests
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PD maintains the Labels
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Labels for High Availablity
Its a way to tell TiDB cluster how to place regions
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By default PD places the region randomly in TiKV nodes
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With Labels we can guide PD to place regions based on DC, RACK and Nodes
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Use-Cases
https://www.pingcap.com/customers/
SAAS Application
IOT data , Time series
Ecommerce
Logistics
Gaming
Fintech

Limitations
Stored procedures & Functions
Triggers
Events
User-defined functions
Fulltext and Spatial index
Column-level privileges

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Data High Availability With TIDB

1. Data High Availability With TiDB Oct 28th, 2023 Mydbops MyWebinar - 28 Kabilesh PR Co-Founder, Mydbops

2. Interested in Open Source technologies Pingcap Certified TiDB Associate Tech Speaker/Blogger AWS certified Database speciality AWS community builder / SME Co-Founder, Mydbops Kabilesh PR About Me

3. Mydbops at a glance 300+ Clients 3000+ Servers ISO & PCI DSS Certified 7 Yrs of Expertise AWS Advanced Consulting Partner TiDB PingCap Partner

4. Mydbops Services Consulting Services Managed Services MySQL, MongoDB, PostgreSQL, TiDB & Cassandra Targeted Engagement 24 x 7 DBA Team

5. Agenda What is TiDB ? Architecture Labels High Availability

6. What is TiDB ? An Open Source distributed SQL database by PingCAP • Scalable in both ways • Supports both Transactional and Analytical (HTAP) • Compatible with MySQL protocol • Highly available • Fault Tolerant •

7. Architecture

8. Architecture TiDB cluster - SQL layer TiKV - Storage layer Placement Driver(PD) - Orchestrator TiFlash - Analytical columnar storage

9. TiKV - Data Storage Stateful • Persistent storage with RocksDB • Distributed storage & transaction support • Strong Consistency • Min 3 nodes (HA by default) •

10. What is RAFT ? RAFT is a Consensus based method to replicate data and maintain HA • Reliable, Replicated , Redundant, And Fault-Tolerant (RAFT) • A Raft group has a leader and followers • Leader handles RW ops • Followers Participate in Election & Data Reads •

11. TiKV - Regions and Raft Region - Smallest data unit for replication • Each region is replicated 3 times and distributed among TiKV • Regions are automatically balanced across TiKV nodes • The replicas for one region forms a RAFT group • Default Region size is 96M •

12. Services (LB) Stateful Sets Operator Maturity TiKV - Regions and Raft

13. Replication With Regions Leader replicates log info to the followers • Wait for quorum ack and marks write as durable • From the logs data is synced to RocksDB KV • TiFlash sync from the log using Raft-learner •

14. Replication Process PROPOSE - Write request at leader written to Raftlog • APPEND - Raft-log is written locally to RAFTEngine • REPLICATE - Raft-log replicates to the followers • APPEND - Raft-log is written locally to RAFTEngine • COMMIT - ACK back to the leader on Durable Raft-log • APPLY - Write from RAFT log to TiKV RocksDB •

15. Replication With Regions

16. Election Scenarios RAFT always ensures to have only one leader for the regions Heart Beat Failures - N/W failures , node crash • New Region Split • Node Restart • Election Timeout •

17. Election Process Raft Maintains Terms, A leader will last till this Period Leader Emits Heart-beat to its followers When Heart Beat fails due to node-crash or N/W Followers change role to CANDIDATE also Increment the TERM Vote itself & then sends VOTING request to other nodes along the TERM value On MAJORITY it becomes the leader and sends back the HB

18. Election Process

19. Placement Driver - HA PD consists at least 3 NODES • Auto Failover with ETCD cluster • RAFT with ETCD to have strong consistency • PD Leader servers the requests • PD maintains the Labels •

20. Problem Statement

21. Labels for High Availablity Its a way to tell TiDB cluster how to place regions • By default PD places the region randomly in TiKV nodes • With Labels we can guide PD to place regions based on DC, RACK and Nodes •

22. Detailed Architecture

23. Use-Cases https://www.pingcap.com/customers/ SAAS Application IOT data , Time series Ecommerce Logistics Gaming Fintech

24. Limitations Stored procedures & Functions Triggers Events User-defined functions Fulltext and Spatial index Column-level privileges

25. Reach Us : Info@mydbops.com Thank You

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