Dr. Tarun gave an 8 minute lesson on compartment syndrome. He discussed what compartment syndrome is, its etiology and pathophysiology. There are two main types - acute and chronic. Acute compartment syndrome is a medical emergency caused by severe injury that can lead to permanent muscle damage if not treated urgently. Chronic compartment syndrome is known as exertional compartment syndrome and is not an emergency, often caused by athletic exertion. Management involves reducing intra-compartmental pressure through fasciotomy, hydration, and positioning the affected limb above the heart level. Complications include permanent nerve and muscle damage if not treated promptly.
Do you know what is a cerclage cable? During hip replacement and treatment of associated peri-prosthetic fractures, it is often necessary to hold the bone or fragments of bone together to create a stable environment for healing to occur. This is typically done with metal wires or cables using a technique called Cerclage. A cerclage wire or cable is wound around a bone or bony fragments to hold them together to allow them to heal.
Proximal tibia fractures occur above the tibial tuberosity and can be articular or extraarticular. Mechanisms of injury include axial compression and rotation. Examination may reveal pain, swelling, and reduced range of motion. Imaging includes x-rays, CT, and MRI. Treatment is nonoperative for nondisplaced fractures and operative for displaced or unstable fractures to reconstruct the articular surface. Complications include loss of motion, arthritis, and deformity.
This document discusses bone and fracture healing. It covers the key stages and processes of both endochondral and intramembranous ossification. Endochondral healing involves the formation of a cartilage callus that is later replaced with bone, while intramembranous healing forms bone directly without a cartilage intermediate. Both involve cells, scaffolding, blood supply, and signaling molecules. Complications like malunion, delayed union, and nonunion can occur if healing is disrupted by factors like instability, open fractures, or patient health issues.
Compartment syndrome occurs when increased pressure within a closed muscle compartment reduces blood flow, potentially causing tissue damage. It is caused by factors that increase compartment volume or decrease space such as fractures, contusions, surgery, or prolonged limb compression. Symptoms include pain disproportionate to the injury that is not relieved by pain medications. Diagnosis involves clinical assessment and compartment pressure measurement. Early fasciotomy is the treatment of choice to release pressure and prevent permanent nerve and muscle damage. Complications of untreated compartment syndrome include contractures, weakness, sensory loss, and limb loss.
Questões Corrigidas, em Word: Temperatura e Dilatação - Conteúdo vinculado ...Rodrigo Penna
Este arquivo faz parte do banco de materiais do Blog Física no Enem: http://fisicanoenem.blogspot.com/ . A ideia é aumentar este banco, aos poucos e na medida do possível. Para isto, querendo ajudar, se houver erros, avise-nos: serão corrigidos. Lembre-se que em Word costumam ocorrer problemas de formatação. Se quiser contribuir ainda mais para o banco, envie a sua contribuição, em Word, o mais detalhada possível para ser capaz de Ensinar a quem precisa Aprender. Ela será disponibilizada também, com a devida referência ao autor. Pode ser uma questão resolvida, uma apostila, uma aula em PowerPoint, o link de onde você a colocou, se já estiver na rede. Comente à vontade no blog. Afinal, é justamente assim que ensinamos a nossos alunos.
Dr. Tarun gave an 8 minute lesson on compartment syndrome. He discussed what compartment syndrome is, its etiology and pathophysiology. There are two main types - acute and chronic. Acute compartment syndrome is a medical emergency caused by severe injury that can lead to permanent muscle damage if not treated urgently. Chronic compartment syndrome is known as exertional compartment syndrome and is not an emergency, often caused by athletic exertion. Management involves reducing intra-compartmental pressure through fasciotomy, hydration, and positioning the affected limb above the heart level. Complications include permanent nerve and muscle damage if not treated promptly.
Do you know what is a cerclage cable? During hip replacement and treatment of associated peri-prosthetic fractures, it is often necessary to hold the bone or fragments of bone together to create a stable environment for healing to occur. This is typically done with metal wires or cables using a technique called Cerclage. A cerclage wire or cable is wound around a bone or bony fragments to hold them together to allow them to heal.
Proximal tibia fractures occur above the tibial tuberosity and can be articular or extraarticular. Mechanisms of injury include axial compression and rotation. Examination may reveal pain, swelling, and reduced range of motion. Imaging includes x-rays, CT, and MRI. Treatment is nonoperative for nondisplaced fractures and operative for displaced or unstable fractures to reconstruct the articular surface. Complications include loss of motion, arthritis, and deformity.
This document discusses bone and fracture healing. It covers the key stages and processes of both endochondral and intramembranous ossification. Endochondral healing involves the formation of a cartilage callus that is later replaced with bone, while intramembranous healing forms bone directly without a cartilage intermediate. Both involve cells, scaffolding, blood supply, and signaling molecules. Complications like malunion, delayed union, and nonunion can occur if healing is disrupted by factors like instability, open fractures, or patient health issues.
Compartment syndrome occurs when increased pressure within a closed muscle compartment reduces blood flow, potentially causing tissue damage. It is caused by factors that increase compartment volume or decrease space such as fractures, contusions, surgery, or prolonged limb compression. Symptoms include pain disproportionate to the injury that is not relieved by pain medications. Diagnosis involves clinical assessment and compartment pressure measurement. Early fasciotomy is the treatment of choice to release pressure and prevent permanent nerve and muscle damage. Complications of untreated compartment syndrome include contractures, weakness, sensory loss, and limb loss.
Questões Corrigidas, em Word: Temperatura e Dilatação - Conteúdo vinculado ...Rodrigo Penna
Este arquivo faz parte do banco de materiais do Blog Física no Enem: http://fisicanoenem.blogspot.com/ . A ideia é aumentar este banco, aos poucos e na medida do possível. Para isto, querendo ajudar, se houver erros, avise-nos: serão corrigidos. Lembre-se que em Word costumam ocorrer problemas de formatação. Se quiser contribuir ainda mais para o banco, envie a sua contribuição, em Word, o mais detalhada possível para ser capaz de Ensinar a quem precisa Aprender. Ela será disponibilizada também, com a devida referência ao autor. Pode ser uma questão resolvida, uma apostila, uma aula em PowerPoint, o link de onde você a colocou, se já estiver na rede. Comente à vontade no blog. Afinal, é justamente assim que ensinamos a nossos alunos.
1) O documento contém um teste sobre conceitos de ondas mecânicas com 5 questões e gráficos.
2) A primeira questão trata da frequência de uma onda mecânica com velocidade de 3 m/s. A segunda questão trata dos períodos e frequências de formas de ondas elétricas.
3) A terceira questão calcula a velocidade de um navio com base no número de cristas de onda que cabem em seu comprimento.
This document provides an overview of closed ankle injuries, including definitions, epidemiology, anatomy, types of injuries such as ligament sprains and fractures, treatment approaches, and complications. It describes the lateral and medial ligaments, syndesmosis, peroneal tendons, classifications of malleolar and pilon fractures, and treatments including casting, surgery, and arthroscopy. Closed ankle injuries are common, can have long-term complications if not properly treated, and remain an important part of orthopedic practice.
Supracondylar osteotomy for treatment of cubitus varusHarjot Gurudatta
This meta-analysis reviewed 40 studies on supracondylar osteotomy for treating cubitus varus deformity in children. It found that lateral wedge osteotomy was the most common procedure, achieving 84% excellent results in correcting the deformity and restoring carrying angle. On average, procedures corrected 27 degrees of varus deformity and improved range of motion by 20 degrees. Major complications occurred in less than 10% of cases and included residual deformity, nerve injury, infection, and loss of fixation. The study found equivalent results across treatment methods but noted k-wire fixation had a higher risk of complications compared to screws or external fixation. It recommends surgeons choose treatment based on individual case factors and discuss risks and expectations thoroughly with parents.
Compartment syndrome occurs when increased pressure within a closed muscle compartment compromises blood flow, potentially causing tissue damage. It can be acute, such as from fractures or crush injuries, or chronic in athletes. Acute compartment syndrome is a medical emergency requiring fasciotomy to release pressure. Chronic exertional compartment syndrome typically affects runners and causes pain with exercise that resolves after stopping. Diagnosis involves symptoms and ruling out other causes; fasciotomy may be needed if conservative measures fail to provide relief from chronic compartment syndrome.
This document discusses principles of fracture management. It defines fractures as breaks in bone continuity and classifies them as closed or open. For open fractures, initial management involves antibiotic prophylaxis, wound and fracture debridement, and early wound cover or stabilization. Closed fracture management focuses on reduction, maintaining reduction through splinting, casting or fixation, and rehabilitation. Complications of different fixation methods like skeletal traction are also reviewed. The main goals of fracture treatment are outlined as reduction, maintaining reduction, and rehabilitation.
Compartment syndrome occurs when increased pressure within a closed muscle compartment compromises blood flow, and if left untreated, causes tissue damage. It is most commonly caused by fractures, but can result from other injuries. The diagnosis is based on pain out of proportion to the injury that is worsened with passive stretching of the muscles. Measurement of compartment pressure is the diagnostic standard, with fasciotomy (surgical release of fascial compartments) required if pressure is over 30 mmHg. Timely fasciotomy is crucial to prevent permanent nerve and muscle damage.
External fixators are used to immobilize fractures by inserting pins through the skin and bone that are connected by a rigid scaffolding outside the limb. There are two main types - pin fixators and ring fixators. Pin fixators are applied quickly but have limitations in controlling deformities, while ring fixators can achieve complex reconstruction but are heavier. Professor Gavril Ilizarov developed ring fixators in the 1950s which use tensioned wires between rings to stabilize fractures. Ring fixators can be used to treat limb lengthening, deformity correction, non-unions, joint contractures and more complex fractures. They work by gradually distracting the bone between rings.
Bilateral simultaneous avulsion fractures of the anterior tibial tubercle (ATT) are extremely rare. Since the first description in 1954, 15 similar cases have been reported. We report a further case in a 16-year-old boy who sustained bilateral simultaneous tibial tubercle avulsion fractures (Watson-Jones Type III) from jumping during a gymnastics session. The right knee presented an associated partial avulsion of the patellar tendon. Both knees were treated successfully by open reduction and internal fixation with two cannulated screws. The recovery of the patient was complete; the screws were removed six months later. After one year follow-up, the patient had no complaint and had resumed his sporting activity.
This document summarizes key information from a seminar presentation on nail bed injuries by Dr. Prajwal K Rao. It discusses the anatomy of the nail unit, causes of nail bed injuries which commonly involve long fingers in males aged 4-30. Clinical examination involves sensory and pattern evaluation as well as matrix involvement. Imaging can include x-rays. Injuries are classified and trephination may help reduce pain. Nail bed repair indications and techniques are outlined, including options when the nail is unavailable. Post-operative care and potential complications are also summarized.
An isolated ulna fracture with less than 20% displacement and 5 degrees of angulation can be treated non-operatively in an otherwise healthy adult. Fractures involving the radial diaphysis or both bones of the forearm carry a high risk of displacement and malunion/nonunion and are generally treated with open reduction internal fixation. Maintaining radial bow is important for functional outcomes with surgical treatment of forearm fractures.
Plaster and splints are used to immobilize fractures and injuries. They provide stabilization and prevent further soft tissue damage. Advantages include being readily applied, reasonably comfortable, and allowing immobilization. Complications can include pressure sores, burns, stiffness, edema, and malpositioning if not applied properly. It is important to ensure adequate padding and molding without wrinkles or tension to prevent complications and allow for inspection of the injury. Patients should be monitored for neurovascular issues and given instructions to return if new symptoms arise.
Unfortunately I do not have enough context to answer your questions. The document provided is an outline on the treatment of closed and open fractures. It does not contain information to answer the specific questions you have listed.
A presentation created and delivered by me in the weekly meeting of our unit in the orthopedic surgery department in National Ribat Teaching Hospital (Khartoum, Sudan) on the 28th of August 2018. In it I present the content of a scientific paper from 2010. The paper is titled "“Intertrochanteric Fractures:Ten Tips to Improve Results”". It is composed of the following parts:
- The author, journal and article
- The 10 tips
The paper can be found here:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20415401
Open fractures involve a break in the bone that communicates with the external environment through a break in the skin and soft tissue. They are often caused by high-energy trauma like traffic accidents or falls. The initial management involves thorough debridement to remove all non-viable tissue, irrigation to clean the wound, fracture stabilization, and antibiotic treatment. Further debridement may be needed over subsequent days to fully clean the wound. The goal is to prevent infection while stabilizing the fracture and achieving soft tissue coverage. Outcomes depend on adequate initial management and reconstruction as needed.
The document discusses several types of tenosynovitis disorders including intersection syndrome, De Quervain's tenosynovitis, trigger finger, and lateral epicondylitis. Intersection syndrome involves tendonitis of the first and second extensor compartment tendons from repetitive friction. De Quervain's tenosynovitis is inflammation of the tendons of the thumb from overuse. Trigger finger causes difficulty extending the finger due to thickening around the A1 pulley. Lateral epicondylitis, or tennis elbow, is a strain at the origin of the extensor tendons causing pain with wrist and elbow movement. The document provides details on symptoms, examinations, treatments including splinting, injections
Compartment syndrome is a dangerous condition caused by increased pressure within the closed muscle compartments of the body. It can result from fractures, surgery, or severe bruising. Symptoms include severe pain disproportionate to the injury that is not relieved by pain medication, tight muscles, numbness, and loss of pulse. An early diagnosis within 24 hours of onset through tests like the Whiteside maneuver and direct pressure measurement allows for fasciotomy surgery to release the pressure and prevent permanent nerve and muscle damage. Compartment syndrome requires prompt treatment to avoid complications.
ortho 03 principle of closed reduction in fracture and dislocationvora kun
The document discusses the principles of closed reduction for fractures and dislocations. It covers recognizing the pathology, adequate anesthesia, using proper technique, and achieving an acceptable reduction with the bones concentric and in proper alignment. Acceptable reductions are more achievable in younger patients and fractures farther from joints, while reductions are more likely to fail in displaced fractures involving both bones or fractures near joints.
Bone cement has been used in orthopedic surgery for over 40 years to fix prostheses to living bone. It is made of polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) powder and liquid that are mixed to form a viscous dough. As the cement cures, it acts as a load-bearing material to transfer force from the implant to the bone. While bone cement provides strong initial fixation, it is brittle and prone to fatigue failure over time. New formulations aim to improve its mechanical properties and biological compatibility.
Doping refers to the use of performance-enhancing substances in competitive sports. The document traces the history of doping back to ancient Egyptians and Greeks consuming substances to boost performance, and more recently cyclists and other athletes using stimulants like caffeine and cocaine in the late 19th century. Common performance-enhancing substances discussed include amphetamines, which stimulate the central nervous system and increase energy but also dehydration risk, and narcotics which alter behavior and increase heart rate and breathing capacity. Blood doping is also summarized as boosting red blood cells to enhance oxygen carrying capacity to muscles. Side effects of doping mentioned include increased risks of heart attack, blood clots, and dehydration.
1) O documento contém um teste sobre conceitos de ondas mecânicas com 5 questões e gráficos.
2) A primeira questão trata da frequência de uma onda mecânica com velocidade de 3 m/s. A segunda questão trata dos períodos e frequências de formas de ondas elétricas.
3) A terceira questão calcula a velocidade de um navio com base no número de cristas de onda que cabem em seu comprimento.
This document provides an overview of closed ankle injuries, including definitions, epidemiology, anatomy, types of injuries such as ligament sprains and fractures, treatment approaches, and complications. It describes the lateral and medial ligaments, syndesmosis, peroneal tendons, classifications of malleolar and pilon fractures, and treatments including casting, surgery, and arthroscopy. Closed ankle injuries are common, can have long-term complications if not properly treated, and remain an important part of orthopedic practice.
Supracondylar osteotomy for treatment of cubitus varusHarjot Gurudatta
This meta-analysis reviewed 40 studies on supracondylar osteotomy for treating cubitus varus deformity in children. It found that lateral wedge osteotomy was the most common procedure, achieving 84% excellent results in correcting the deformity and restoring carrying angle. On average, procedures corrected 27 degrees of varus deformity and improved range of motion by 20 degrees. Major complications occurred in less than 10% of cases and included residual deformity, nerve injury, infection, and loss of fixation. The study found equivalent results across treatment methods but noted k-wire fixation had a higher risk of complications compared to screws or external fixation. It recommends surgeons choose treatment based on individual case factors and discuss risks and expectations thoroughly with parents.
Compartment syndrome occurs when increased pressure within a closed muscle compartment compromises blood flow, potentially causing tissue damage. It can be acute, such as from fractures or crush injuries, or chronic in athletes. Acute compartment syndrome is a medical emergency requiring fasciotomy to release pressure. Chronic exertional compartment syndrome typically affects runners and causes pain with exercise that resolves after stopping. Diagnosis involves symptoms and ruling out other causes; fasciotomy may be needed if conservative measures fail to provide relief from chronic compartment syndrome.
This document discusses principles of fracture management. It defines fractures as breaks in bone continuity and classifies them as closed or open. For open fractures, initial management involves antibiotic prophylaxis, wound and fracture debridement, and early wound cover or stabilization. Closed fracture management focuses on reduction, maintaining reduction through splinting, casting or fixation, and rehabilitation. Complications of different fixation methods like skeletal traction are also reviewed. The main goals of fracture treatment are outlined as reduction, maintaining reduction, and rehabilitation.
Compartment syndrome occurs when increased pressure within a closed muscle compartment compromises blood flow, and if left untreated, causes tissue damage. It is most commonly caused by fractures, but can result from other injuries. The diagnosis is based on pain out of proportion to the injury that is worsened with passive stretching of the muscles. Measurement of compartment pressure is the diagnostic standard, with fasciotomy (surgical release of fascial compartments) required if pressure is over 30 mmHg. Timely fasciotomy is crucial to prevent permanent nerve and muscle damage.
External fixators are used to immobilize fractures by inserting pins through the skin and bone that are connected by a rigid scaffolding outside the limb. There are two main types - pin fixators and ring fixators. Pin fixators are applied quickly but have limitations in controlling deformities, while ring fixators can achieve complex reconstruction but are heavier. Professor Gavril Ilizarov developed ring fixators in the 1950s which use tensioned wires between rings to stabilize fractures. Ring fixators can be used to treat limb lengthening, deformity correction, non-unions, joint contractures and more complex fractures. They work by gradually distracting the bone between rings.
Bilateral simultaneous avulsion fractures of the anterior tibial tubercle (ATT) are extremely rare. Since the first description in 1954, 15 similar cases have been reported. We report a further case in a 16-year-old boy who sustained bilateral simultaneous tibial tubercle avulsion fractures (Watson-Jones Type III) from jumping during a gymnastics session. The right knee presented an associated partial avulsion of the patellar tendon. Both knees were treated successfully by open reduction and internal fixation with two cannulated screws. The recovery of the patient was complete; the screws were removed six months later. After one year follow-up, the patient had no complaint and had resumed his sporting activity.
This document summarizes key information from a seminar presentation on nail bed injuries by Dr. Prajwal K Rao. It discusses the anatomy of the nail unit, causes of nail bed injuries which commonly involve long fingers in males aged 4-30. Clinical examination involves sensory and pattern evaluation as well as matrix involvement. Imaging can include x-rays. Injuries are classified and trephination may help reduce pain. Nail bed repair indications and techniques are outlined, including options when the nail is unavailable. Post-operative care and potential complications are also summarized.
An isolated ulna fracture with less than 20% displacement and 5 degrees of angulation can be treated non-operatively in an otherwise healthy adult. Fractures involving the radial diaphysis or both bones of the forearm carry a high risk of displacement and malunion/nonunion and are generally treated with open reduction internal fixation. Maintaining radial bow is important for functional outcomes with surgical treatment of forearm fractures.
Plaster and splints are used to immobilize fractures and injuries. They provide stabilization and prevent further soft tissue damage. Advantages include being readily applied, reasonably comfortable, and allowing immobilization. Complications can include pressure sores, burns, stiffness, edema, and malpositioning if not applied properly. It is important to ensure adequate padding and molding without wrinkles or tension to prevent complications and allow for inspection of the injury. Patients should be monitored for neurovascular issues and given instructions to return if new symptoms arise.
Unfortunately I do not have enough context to answer your questions. The document provided is an outline on the treatment of closed and open fractures. It does not contain information to answer the specific questions you have listed.
A presentation created and delivered by me in the weekly meeting of our unit in the orthopedic surgery department in National Ribat Teaching Hospital (Khartoum, Sudan) on the 28th of August 2018. In it I present the content of a scientific paper from 2010. The paper is titled "“Intertrochanteric Fractures:Ten Tips to Improve Results”". It is composed of the following parts:
- The author, journal and article
- The 10 tips
The paper can be found here:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20415401
Open fractures involve a break in the bone that communicates with the external environment through a break in the skin and soft tissue. They are often caused by high-energy trauma like traffic accidents or falls. The initial management involves thorough debridement to remove all non-viable tissue, irrigation to clean the wound, fracture stabilization, and antibiotic treatment. Further debridement may be needed over subsequent days to fully clean the wound. The goal is to prevent infection while stabilizing the fracture and achieving soft tissue coverage. Outcomes depend on adequate initial management and reconstruction as needed.
The document discusses several types of tenosynovitis disorders including intersection syndrome, De Quervain's tenosynovitis, trigger finger, and lateral epicondylitis. Intersection syndrome involves tendonitis of the first and second extensor compartment tendons from repetitive friction. De Quervain's tenosynovitis is inflammation of the tendons of the thumb from overuse. Trigger finger causes difficulty extending the finger due to thickening around the A1 pulley. Lateral epicondylitis, or tennis elbow, is a strain at the origin of the extensor tendons causing pain with wrist and elbow movement. The document provides details on symptoms, examinations, treatments including splinting, injections
Compartment syndrome is a dangerous condition caused by increased pressure within the closed muscle compartments of the body. It can result from fractures, surgery, or severe bruising. Symptoms include severe pain disproportionate to the injury that is not relieved by pain medication, tight muscles, numbness, and loss of pulse. An early diagnosis within 24 hours of onset through tests like the Whiteside maneuver and direct pressure measurement allows for fasciotomy surgery to release the pressure and prevent permanent nerve and muscle damage. Compartment syndrome requires prompt treatment to avoid complications.
ortho 03 principle of closed reduction in fracture and dislocationvora kun
The document discusses the principles of closed reduction for fractures and dislocations. It covers recognizing the pathology, adequate anesthesia, using proper technique, and achieving an acceptable reduction with the bones concentric and in proper alignment. Acceptable reductions are more achievable in younger patients and fractures farther from joints, while reductions are more likely to fail in displaced fractures involving both bones or fractures near joints.
Bone cement has been used in orthopedic surgery for over 40 years to fix prostheses to living bone. It is made of polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) powder and liquid that are mixed to form a viscous dough. As the cement cures, it acts as a load-bearing material to transfer force from the implant to the bone. While bone cement provides strong initial fixation, it is brittle and prone to fatigue failure over time. New formulations aim to improve its mechanical properties and biological compatibility.
Doping refers to the use of performance-enhancing substances in competitive sports. The document traces the history of doping back to ancient Egyptians and Greeks consuming substances to boost performance, and more recently cyclists and other athletes using stimulants like caffeine and cocaine in the late 19th century. Common performance-enhancing substances discussed include amphetamines, which stimulate the central nervous system and increase energy but also dehydration risk, and narcotics which alter behavior and increase heart rate and breathing capacity. Blood doping is also summarized as boosting red blood cells to enhance oxygen carrying capacity to muscles. Side effects of doping mentioned include increased risks of heart attack, blood clots, and dehydration.
Este documento habla sobre cómo infiltrarse en una red de forma segura usando software libre. Explica la técnica ARP Spoofing para analizar y modificar datos en una red LAN, y cómo los ataques ARP se basan en configuraciones de red vulnerables. También menciona herramientas como Ettercap y Dsniff que pueden usarse para lanzar exploits, capturar contraseñas y comprometer la privacidad. Finalmente, recomienda el uso de VPN, TOR y firewalls para prevenir este tipo de ataques.
This document promotes Buy Nothing Day, which encourages people to refrain from consuming and spending for one day. It asks how much people owe and encourages them to spend a day without spending and to shop less and live more. The document celebrates Buy Nothing Day and encourages people to smile without spending on this day.
The document discusses doping in sports and the work of the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA). It notes that doping threatens athletes' health and the integrity of sport. It defines doping and outlines WADA's prohibited list of banned substances and methods. The document also discusses nutritional supplements and notes the risks of contamination.
1. Universität Stuttgart
Patrick Milkoweit, Dimitrios Settos
Übung:EinführungindieSportwissenschaft-Hausarbeit
Das Phänomen Doping
bei den Olympischen Spielen
Das Phänomen Doping bei
den Olympischen Spielen
Hausarbeit von Patrick Milkoweit und
Dimitrios Settos
10.02.2005
2. Universität Stuttgart
Patrick Milkoweit, Dimitrios Settos
Übung:EinführungindieSportwissenschaft-Hausarbeit
Das Phänomen Doping
bei den Olympischen Spielen
Inhaltsangabe
Was ist Doping?
Geschichte des Dopings
• Dopingfälle der letzten 100 Jahre
Welche Dopingmittel gibt es?
• Welche Wirkung haben sie?
Durchführung von Dopingkontrollen
Zusammenhang zwischen Doping und der
Kommerzialisierung des Sports
Wo liegen die Ursachen des Dopings?
3. Universität Stuttgart
Patrick Milkoweit, Dimitrios Settos
Übung:EinführungindieSportwissenschaft-Hausarbeit
Das Phänomen Doping
bei den Olympischen Spielen
Was ist Doping?
Vom IOC wird Doping kurz und knapp in
einem Satz definiert:
„Doping ist die Verwendung von
Substanzen aus den verbotenen
Wirkstoffgruppen und die Anwendung
verbotener Methoden.“
(Krüger 2000, 19)
4. Universität Stuttgart
Patrick Milkoweit, Dimitrios Settos
Übung:EinführungindieSportwissenschaft-Hausarbeit
Das Phänomen Doping
bei den Olympischen Spielen
Geschichte des Dopings
Schon vor 2300 Jahren konsumierten die Griechen
besondere Pilze
Indianer verwendeten schmerzstillende,
euphorisierende Mittel aus Kakteen
Im 19. Jahrhundert sahen sehr viele
Trainingsmethoden die Verwendung von „Doping“
vor
Seit den 20ern auch vermehrtes „Doping“ um
Schnell- und Maximalkraft zu optimieren
5. Universität Stuttgart
Patrick Milkoweit, Dimitrios Settos
Übung:EinführungindieSportwissenschaft-Hausarbeit
Das Phänomen Doping
bei den Olympischen Spielen
Geschichte des Dopings
Ab 1952 auch staatlich gefördertes Doping mit vielen
Experimenten
1968 erste „Probekontrollen“ durch das IOC (auch
erste Dopingliste des IOC)
1972 erste Pflichtkontrollen bei Olympischen Spielen
1968-2002 immer wieder Zusätze und Änderungen
bei den Dopinglisten
(Krüger 2000, 11-16)
6. Universität Stuttgart
Patrick Milkoweit, Dimitrios Settos
Übung:EinführungindieSportwissenschaft-Hausarbeit
Das Phänomen Doping
bei den Olympischen Spielen
Dopingfälle der letzten 100 Jahre
1904 Thomas Hicks (Marathon): Mischung aus
Brandy und Strychnin
1960 Knut Jensen (Radsport): Amphetamine
1976 Die DDR gewinnt in Montreal elf der 13
Schwimmwettbewerbe: „Vitaminpräperate“
1988 Ben Johnson (100m Lauf): Anabolika
2004 in Athen über 23 bekannte Dopingfälle
(Krüger 2000, 11-16)
7. Universität Stuttgart
Patrick Milkoweit, Dimitrios Settos
Übung:EinführungindieSportwissenschaft-Hausarbeit
Das Phänomen Doping
bei den Olympischen Spielen
Welche Dopingmittel gibt es?
Welche Wirkung haben sie?
Doping
Verbotene
Wirkstoffgruppen
Verbotene Methoden
Wirkstoffgruppen die
mit Einschränkungen
zugelassen sind
(Donike & Rauth, 1993)
8. Universität Stuttgart
Patrick Milkoweit, Dimitrios Settos
Übung:EinführungindieSportwissenschaft-Hausarbeit
Das Phänomen Doping
bei den Olympischen Spielen
Verbotene Wirkstoffgruppen
Stimulanzien (Bsp.: Amphetamin)
Narkotika (Bsp.: Methadon)
Anabole Steroide (Bsp.: Nandrolon)
Diuretika (Bsp.: Amilorid)
Peptidhormone und Analoge (Bsp.: Somatropin)
(Donike & Rauth, 1993)
9. Universität Stuttgart
Patrick Milkoweit, Dimitrios Settos
Übung:EinführungindieSportwissenschaft-Hausarbeit
Das Phänomen Doping
bei den Olympischen Spielen
Verbotene Methoden
Blutdoping
Chemische und Pharmalogische Manipulation
(Donike & Rauth, 1993)
10. Universität Stuttgart
Patrick Milkoweit, Dimitrios Settos
Übung:EinführungindieSportwissenschaft-Hausarbeit
Das Phänomen Doping
bei den Olympischen Spielen
Wirkstoffgruppen welche mit
Einschränkungen zugelassen sind
Alkohol
Marihuana
Beta-Blocker
Lokalanästhetika
Kortikosteroide
(Donike & Rauth, 1993)
11. Universität Stuttgart
Patrick Milkoweit, Dimitrios Settos
Übung:EinführungindieSportwissenschaft-Hausarbeit
Das Phänomen Doping
bei den Olympischen Spielen
Durchführung der Dopingkontrollen
bei den Olympischen Spielen
1. Auswahlverfahren
2. Abnahmeprozedur
3. Verfahren der Dopinganalyse
(Lünsch, 1991 / Donike & Rauth, 1993)
12. Universität Stuttgart
Patrick Milkoweit, Dimitrios Settos
Übung:EinführungindieSportwissenschaft-Hausarbeit
Das Phänomen Doping
bei den Olympischen Spielen
1. Auswahlverfahren
Med. Kommission + Organisationskomitee bestimmen
die Zahl der zu testenden Athleten einer jeden Disziplin
Abhängig von der Laborkapazität
Ersten 4 Platzierten einer Disziplin müssen sich einer
Dopingkontrolle unterziehen
Keine Sportarten sind ausgeschlossen
Mehrmalige Kontrollen eines Sportlers möglich
13. Universität Stuttgart
Patrick Milkoweit, Dimitrios Settos
Übung:EinführungindieSportwissenschaft-Hausarbeit
Das Phänomen Doping
bei den Olympischen Spielen
2. Abnahmeprozedur
1. Benachrichtigung des Athleten über eine
bevorstehende Dopingkontrolle
2. Ausfüllen der Dopingkontrollbenachrichtigung
3. Fristgerechtes Eintreffen in der Dopingkontrollstation
4. Urinabgabe (75ml) im Abnahmeraum unter ärztlicher
Aufsicht
5. Versiegelte Proben werden ins Labor geschickt
14. Universität Stuttgart
Patrick Milkoweit, Dimitrios Settos
Übung:EinführungindieSportwissenschaft-Hausarbeit
Das Phänomen Doping
bei den Olympischen Spielen
3. Verfahren der Dopinganalyse
1. Dünnschichtchromatographie
Untersuchung des Vorhandenseins verbotener nicht-
flüchtiger Stoffe
2. Gaschromatographie
Untersuchung des Vorhandenseins verbotener flüchtiger
Stoffe
Verdampfung der Substanzen bei 200-300°C
3. Massenspektrometrie
Hilft bei der Untersuchung temperaturempfindlicher
Substanzen, welche bei 2. nicht erkannt werden können
15. Universität Stuttgart
Patrick Milkoweit, Dimitrios Settos
Übung:EinführungindieSportwissenschaft-Hausarbeit
Das Phänomen Doping
bei den Olympischen Spielen
Zusammenhang zwischen Doping und
der Kommerzialisierung des Sports
Im Verlauf der Geschichte steigende Anzahl der Fälle
bei gleichzeitiger Kommerzialisierung des Sports
• 1984 in L.A.: die ersten privatwirtschaftlich
organisierten Olympischen Spiele
• Steigende Anzahl von Sportarten und Teilnehmer
16. Universität Stuttgart
Patrick Milkoweit, Dimitrios Settos
Übung:EinführungindieSportwissenschaft-Hausarbeit
Das Phänomen Doping
bei den Olympischen Spielen
Wo liegen die Ursachen des Dopings?
Sportler?
Trainer?
Funktionäre?
Medien?
Gesellschaft?
Jeder hat eine Teilschuld!
17. Universität Stuttgart
Patrick Milkoweit, Dimitrios Settos
Übung:EinführungindieSportwissenschaft-Hausarbeit
Das Phänomen Doping
bei den Olympischen Spielen
Literaturangaben
Donike, M. & Rauth, S. Dopingkontrollen (1993). Köln: Sport und Buch Strauß GmbH
Krüger, A. Die Paradoxien des Dopings – ein Überblick (2000). In Gamper, M./Mühlenthaler,
J./Reidhaar, F. (Hrsg.), Doping – Spitzensport als gesellschaftliches Problem (2000). Zürich:
NZZ Verlag
Lünsch, H. Doping im Sport (1991). Erlangen: Perimed Fachbuch
Sehling, M. Doping im Sport (1989). München: BLV Verlagsgesellschaft mbH
Internetquellen
Offizielle Website des NOK. (2005). Definition von Doping. Zugriff am 25.01.2005 unter
http://www.nok.de/projekt/faecher/sport/historie/dopingverstoesse.html
Olympia-Lexikon online. (2005) Spiele. Zugriff am 25.01.2005 unter http://www.olympia-
lexikon.de/index.php?treeitemId=1920 sowie http://www.olympialexikon.de/index.php?
treeitemId=1900 und http://www.olympialexikon.de/index.php?treeitemId=1897