The document summarizes the process of constant comparative analysis, a qualitative data analysis method. It describes how codes are generated from the data and defined, with examples provided. A separate file is used to ensure consistent use of codes and establish an audit trail. Data analysis is inductive, aiming to understand individual perceptions rather than prove a preconceived theory. Literature-based codes can provide a tool but may impede new ideas, so codes are generated from the analyzed data.

1. Social Comparison
Anne–Marie, The upward comparison that you used was great! It made a great deal of sense to
use this comparison when talking about your friend being the better southern cooker and more
organized. According to the lecture, social comparisons help us to learn about ourselves by
comparing ourselves to others (Lesson 5 What is the "self" P1 , 2016). It seems as if you found
out that you are not as good of a southern cooker or as organized as your friend by comparing
yourself to her. The goal to be a good southern wife helped to support your comparison as well. I
am glad that you have a wonderful friend like Mel. We all need people who helps, encourage,
teaches us new things, and helping us reach higher limits. It seems as Mel is a true friend.
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2. A Comparison of Poetry Essay
A Comparison of Poetry In this essay two poems will be juxtaposed. One of the poems is called
"My parents kept me from children who were rough". This poem was written by Stephen Spender.
Stephen Spender was greatly admired for his work and was knighted in 1983. He lived in the
20th century and died 22 years after W H Auden in 1995 .The second poem chosen is called
"Funeral Blues and was written by W H Auden. W H Auden was a greatly respected homosexual
poet who lived in the 20th century. He was born in 1907 and died in 1973. W H Auden's full name
was Wystan Hugh Auden. He wrote Funeral Blues in 1936. In the poem "My parents kept me from
children who were rough" a young boy is being bullied...show more content...
The rhythm in "Funeral Blues" is a very slow one which emphasises the sadness of the poet
whereas in the poem "My parents kept me from children who were rough" there is a medium pace
rhythm which accelerates gradually during the poem and then slows down at the end to a slow
pace. Both "My parents kept me from children who were rough" and "Funeral Blues" have four
lines in every verse but the amount of verses in each poem differ since the poem "My parents
kept me from children who were rough" has only three verses whereas "Funeral Blues has four. In
the poem "My parents kept me from children who were rough" all three of the verses are set in the
past tense whereas in "Funeral Blues" three of the verses are talking about the present and only
one is talking about the past. The verse, which is referring to something in the past, is the one that
talks about the man who died. In the poem "My parents kept me from children who were rough"
lines similar to "I feared more than tigers their muscles like iron" conjures up an image in one's
head of large and very muscular boys. An example of the boys abuse and images, which is stated in
the poem, is " And who threw world like stones and who wore torn clothes". This line shows us that
the boys would use bad language and would dress very badly. The imagery in "Funeral Blues" is one
of a heart broken man who is very sad and depressed
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3. Constant Comparison
art&scienceresearch methods nursing standard: clinical В· research В· education
Use of constant comparative analysis in qualitative research
Hewitt–Taylor J (2001) Use of constant comparative analysis in qualitative research.
Nursing Standard. 15, 42, 39–42. Date of acceptance: March 19 2001.
Summary
This article describes the application of constant comparative analysis, which is one method that can
be used to analyse qualitative data. The need for data analysis to be congruent with the overall
research design is highlighted.
T
HE AIM OF qualitative research is to portray the reality of the area under investigation, and to
enhance understanding of the situation and the meanings and values attributed to this by...show more
content...
The codes were written on hard copies of each document next to the related section. The codes and
their definitions were recorded in a separate file. For example:
I Code – nursing and self–directed learning.
I Definition – any reference to, or indication that there might be issues relating to, selfdirected
learning which is specific to nursing.
I Abbreviation – NSDL.
A separate file was used to ensure that the use of each code remained consistent and to establish a
clear decision trail that could be used by auditors or future researchers. During data coding, notes
were made about how decisions had been reached, how the coding process had been
Online archive
For related articles visit our online archive at: www.nursing–standard.co.uk and search using the key
words below.
Key words
I Research methods
These key words are based on subject headings from the
British Nursing Index. This article has been subject to double–blind review.
july 4/vol15/no42/2001 nursing standard 39
art&scienceresearch methods nursing standard: clinical В· research В· education
conducted, and any specific queries raised.
Data analysis was inductive, as the study sought to promote understanding of individual perceptions,

4. not prove a preconceived theory.
Codes were, therefore, generated from the data, rather than predetermined. Although literature–based
codes can provide a useful tool, they can impede the development of new ideas
(Strauss
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