The document discusses various topics related to computer networks including:
1. It defines data communication as the exchange of data between two devices via transmission medium. The key aspects are delivery, accuracy, timeliness and jitter.
2. It describes different network topologies - star, bus, ring, mesh and hybrid. It explains the characteristics and advantages/disadvantages of each.
3. It differentiates between different types of networks - LAN, WAN, MAN based on geographical area and transmission medium used.
4. It provides an overview of switching in circuit switched and packet switched networks.
5. It describes the internet as a worldwide system of interconnected commercial, government, educational and other
Telecommunications allow electronic transmission of signals for communication purposes. Networks connect computers to share data and resources. Data is transmitted in packets with headers containing addressing information. Networks can be configured in topologies like bus, star, or ring and use various media like cabling, wireless, or telephone lines. Protocols provide rules for communication between nodes and multiplexing allows sharing channels. Error detection and correction ensure accurate data transfer. Network devices like bridges, routers, and switches control data flow.
chapter6 intro to telecommunications.pptTakudzwaM1
This document discusses telecommunications and computer networks. It defines key terms like communications, telecommunications, and networking. It describes the benefits of telecommunications like better communication, efficiency, and access to data. It then covers topics such as modes of data transfer, network topologies, protocols, network hardware and software, the OSI model, and more. The document provides an overview of fundamental concepts in telecommunications and computer networking.
This document provides an overview of computer networks and communication. It discusses key topics such as data communication components and models, data representation, transmission modes, network types and topologies, protocols and standards. The key points are:
- Data communication involves exchanging data between devices via transmission medium using agreed upon protocols. Its effectiveness depends on delivery, accuracy, timeliness and jitter.
- Networks connect devices through various physical topologies like star, bus, ring and hybrid configurations. They can be LAN, MAN or WAN depending on size and distance covered.
- Protocols and standards govern data communication and ensure interoperability. They are developed by organizations like ISO, ITU, IEEE and adopted as industry
Telecommunications and networks allow for the electronic transmission of signals across various mediums. Key aspects include modes of data transfer (parallel, serial), network topologies (bus, star, ring), protocols which establish communication rules, and different types of cabling and wireless options. Networks can be local area networks (LANs) or wide area networks (WANs) and involve hardware, software, and channels to transmit data packets between nodes using standards like the OSI model.
This document discusses telecommunications and computer networks. It defines key terms like communications, telecommunications, and networking. It describes the benefits of telecommunications like better communication and access to data. It explains basic networking concepts such as local and wide area networks, protocols, network topologies, and network devices. It also covers topics like cabling, wireless networks, error detection, and network management.
The document discusses various topics related to computer networks including:
1. It defines data communication as the exchange of data between two devices via transmission medium. The key aspects are delivery, accuracy, timeliness and jitter.
2. It describes different network topologies - star, bus, ring, mesh and hybrid. It explains the characteristics and advantages/disadvantages of each.
3. It differentiates between different types of networks - LAN, WAN, MAN based on geographical area and transmission medium used.
4. It provides an overview of switching in circuit switched and packet switched networks.
5. It describes the internet as a worldwide system of interconnected commercial, government, educational and other
Telecommunications allow electronic transmission of signals for communication purposes. Networks connect computers to share data and resources. Data is transmitted in packets with headers containing addressing information. Networks can be configured in topologies like bus, star, or ring and use various media like cabling, wireless, or telephone lines. Protocols provide rules for communication between nodes and multiplexing allows sharing channels. Error detection and correction ensure accurate data transfer. Network devices like bridges, routers, and switches control data flow.
chapter6 intro to telecommunications.pptTakudzwaM1
This document discusses telecommunications and computer networks. It defines key terms like communications, telecommunications, and networking. It describes the benefits of telecommunications like better communication, efficiency, and access to data. It then covers topics such as modes of data transfer, network topologies, protocols, network hardware and software, the OSI model, and more. The document provides an overview of fundamental concepts in telecommunications and computer networking.
This document provides an overview of computer networks and communication. It discusses key topics such as data communication components and models, data representation, transmission modes, network types and topologies, protocols and standards. The key points are:
- Data communication involves exchanging data between devices via transmission medium using agreed upon protocols. Its effectiveness depends on delivery, accuracy, timeliness and jitter.
- Networks connect devices through various physical topologies like star, bus, ring and hybrid configurations. They can be LAN, MAN or WAN depending on size and distance covered.
- Protocols and standards govern data communication and ensure interoperability. They are developed by organizations like ISO, ITU, IEEE and adopted as industry
Telecommunications and networks allow for the electronic transmission of signals across various mediums. Key aspects include modes of data transfer (parallel, serial), network topologies (bus, star, ring), protocols which establish communication rules, and different types of cabling and wireless options. Networks can be local area networks (LANs) or wide area networks (WANs) and involve hardware, software, and channels to transmit data packets between nodes using standards like the OSI model.
This document discusses telecommunications and computer networks. It defines key terms like communications, telecommunications, and networking. It describes the benefits of telecommunications like better communication and access to data. It explains basic networking concepts such as local and wide area networks, protocols, network topologies, and network devices. It also covers topics like cabling, wireless networks, error detection, and network management.
This document discusses telecommunications and computer networks. It defines key terms like communications, telecommunications, and networking. It describes the benefits of telecommunications like better communication and access to data. It also covers topics like modes of data transfer, network topologies, protocols, network devices, cabling, and wireless networks. The document provides an overview of how telecommunications and computer networks work at a high level.
Telecommunications and networks allow for the electronic transmission of signals across various mediums. Key benefits include better communication, greater efficiency, and improved access to data. Data can be transmitted either serially or in parallel. Computer networks connect devices together to share resources and data. Networks rely on hardware, software, protocols, and various transmission mediums like cabling, wireless, or telephone lines. Network devices like bridges, routers, and switches help direct and control data flow across networks.
Telecommunications and networks allow for the electronic transmission of signals across various mediums for communication purposes. A computer network connects computers together to share data and resources. It consists of hardware, software, and communication channels. Common network topologies include bus, star, ring, and hierarchical configurations. Protocols and standards ensure consistent communication between nodes. Cabling, wireless transmission, and telephone lines are examples of communication media that transmit signals over physical channels.
Telecommunications and networks allow for the electronic transmission of signals across various mediums for communication purposes. A computer network connects computers together to share data and resources. Networks can be configured in different topologies like bus, star, or ring and use various cabling and wireless options. Protocols and software are required for effective data transmission and handling network traffic.
This document discusses telecommunications and computer networks. It defines key terms like communications, telecommunications, networks, and networking. It describes the benefits of telecommunications like better communication, efficiency, and access to data. It also covers topics like modes of data transfer, network topologies, protocols, network hardware and software, and more. The document provides an overview of fundamental concepts in telecommunications and computer networking.
Telecommunications allow electronic transmission of signals for communication purposes. Networks connect computers to share data and resources. Data is transmitted in packets with headers containing addressing information. Networks can be configured in different topologies like bus, star, or ring. Common protocols ensure consistent communication between nodes. Cabling, wireless transmission, and telephone lines are different communication media that networks use to transmit data. Devices like bridges, routers, and switches help direct and control data flow within networks.
Telecommunications allow electronic transmission of signals for communication purposes. Networks connect computers to share data and resources. Data is transmitted in packets with headers containing addressing information. Networks can be configured in different topologies like bus, star, or ring. Common protocols ensure consistent communication between nodes. Cabling, wireless transmission, and telephone lines are different communication media that networks use to transmit data. Devices like bridges, routers, and switches help direct and control data flow within networks.
Telecommunications allow electronic transmission of signals for communication purposes. Networks connect computers to share data and resources. Data is transmitted in packets with headers containing addressing information. Networks use protocols to establish communication rules. Cabling, wireless, and telephone lines are used as communication channels to transmit data in either parallel or serial modes.
There are 4 main types of network topologies: star, ring, bus, and mesh. The document discusses each topology in more detail. A star topology has a central node that acts as a hub and connects all other nodes. A ring topology forms a continuous pathway around the nodes in a ring. A bus topology uses a main backbone cable that all nodes connect to transmit data in one direction. Network hardware devices include network interface cards, gateways, routers, proxies, and hubs.
Telecommunications allow electronic transmission of signals for communication purposes. Networks connect computers to share data and resources. Data is transmitted in packets with headers containing addressing information. Networks use protocols to establish communication rules and access methods to control data transmission. Various media transmit data, including cabling, wireless, and telephone lines. Modems modulate digital signals for analog transmission and demodulate the signals for digital reception. Network devices like bridges, routers, and switches help direct and control data flow.
This document provides an overview and introduction to data communications and networking. It discusses key topics such as data communication, networks, the internet, protocols and standards. The document is divided into chapters that cover introductions to data communications, networks, network types (LAN, MAN, WAN), network topologies (star, bus, ring, mesh, hybrid), the internet, protocols, and a brief history of networking. It provides definitions and examples for each topic in concise bullet points or paragraphs.
A computer network connects two or more computers together to allow sharing of resources and communication between users. Common network types include local area networks (LANs) within a building, metropolitan area networks (MANs) within a city, and wide area networks (WANs) spanning multiple cities or countries. The topology, or layout of connections between devices, can take bus, star, ring or mesh forms. Protocols and layered network architectures like TCP/IP or OSI model provide standards for communication between networked devices.
Topic 1.1 basic concepts of computer networkAtika Zaimi
This document provides an overview of computer networks, including their components, characteristics, and classifications. It defines peer-to-peer and client-server networks, describing their advantages and disadvantages. Various network topologies such as bus, star, ring, and mesh are explained. The document also outlines the key standards organizations that set networking guidelines and lists common network hardware functions. Learners will gain an understanding of fundamental network concepts.
group of computers connected with each other to share information or resources. A network can be small or a large. it can be created in a building or spread all over the world. Networks are main source of communication all over the world. The most common resource shared today is connection to the Internet.
A computer network connects computers and allows communication and collaboration between users. It consists of hosts like PCs and laptops, routers and switches, links like cables, protocols like TCP and IP, applications, and humans. Networks are used to share data, devices, software, and communication. Common network types include local area networks within an office, wide area networks between locations, and hybrid networks like home or campus networks. Networks can be structured as client/server, peer-to-peer, or use a combination. Topologies include star, bus, ring and mesh configurations. Wired networks use cables while wireless uses radio waves. Network hardware and protocols enable communication between nodes on the network.
computer network is a group of interconnected computers that share information and resources. The most common resource shared today is connection to the Internet. Other shared resources can include a printer or a file server. The Internet itself can be considered a computer network. Two basic network types are local-area networks (LANs) and wide-area networks (WANs). LANs connect computers and peripheral devices in a limited physical area, such as a business office, laboratory, or college campus, by means of links (wires, Ethernet cables, fibre optics, Wi-Fi) that transmit data rapidly.
This document provides an overview of networking concepts including the basic components of a network, common network topologies, network devices, network addressing using IP addresses and subnet masks, network models like OSI and TCP/IP, and basic network communication. Key topics covered include LANs, WANs, Ethernet, wireless networks, routers, switches, TCP, UDP, ports, MAC addresses, and the layers of the OSI and TCP/IP models.
Unit_1.pdf computer networks and computer topology22i261
This document provides an overview of the course 19I405 Computer Networks taught by Dr. R. Rekha. It outlines the topics that will be covered in each of the five layers of the OSI model: physical, data link, network, transport, and application layer. It also lists the recommended textbooks and references for the course. The total number of lectures is expected to be 45.
This document provides an introduction to computer networks. It defines key network concepts like local area networks (LANs), wide area networks (WANs), and the different physical network topologies including bus, star, ring, mesh, and hybrid networks. It discusses network performance metrics like throughput and delay. It also covers network criteria such as reliability, security, and standards organizations that help networks communicate. Examples of different network configurations are provided to illustrate LANs, WANs, and the various physical topologies.
- The document discusses computer networks and networking concepts such as goals, applications, reference models, hardware, software, protocols, and switching techniques.
- It covers topics like OSI and TCP/IP models, LAN, MAN and WAN network types and topologies, protocol hierarchies, connection-oriented and connectionless services, and circuit switching, message switching, and packet switching.
- The document also discusses peer-to-peer and client-server network models, and different network topologies like bus, star, and ring.
Starting a business is like embarking on an unpredictable adventure. It’s a journey filled with highs and lows, victories and defeats. But what if I told you that those setbacks and failures could be the very stepping stones that lead you to fortune? Let’s explore how resilience, adaptability, and strategic thinking can transform adversity into opportunity.
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This document discusses telecommunications and computer networks. It defines key terms like communications, telecommunications, and networking. It describes the benefits of telecommunications like better communication and access to data. It also covers topics like modes of data transfer, network topologies, protocols, network devices, cabling, and wireless networks. The document provides an overview of how telecommunications and computer networks work at a high level.
Telecommunications and networks allow for the electronic transmission of signals across various mediums. Key benefits include better communication, greater efficiency, and improved access to data. Data can be transmitted either serially or in parallel. Computer networks connect devices together to share resources and data. Networks rely on hardware, software, protocols, and various transmission mediums like cabling, wireless, or telephone lines. Network devices like bridges, routers, and switches help direct and control data flow across networks.
Telecommunications and networks allow for the electronic transmission of signals across various mediums for communication purposes. A computer network connects computers together to share data and resources. It consists of hardware, software, and communication channels. Common network topologies include bus, star, ring, and hierarchical configurations. Protocols and standards ensure consistent communication between nodes. Cabling, wireless transmission, and telephone lines are examples of communication media that transmit signals over physical channels.
Telecommunications and networks allow for the electronic transmission of signals across various mediums for communication purposes. A computer network connects computers together to share data and resources. Networks can be configured in different topologies like bus, star, or ring and use various cabling and wireless options. Protocols and software are required for effective data transmission and handling network traffic.
This document discusses telecommunications and computer networks. It defines key terms like communications, telecommunications, networks, and networking. It describes the benefits of telecommunications like better communication, efficiency, and access to data. It also covers topics like modes of data transfer, network topologies, protocols, network hardware and software, and more. The document provides an overview of fundamental concepts in telecommunications and computer networking.
Telecommunications allow electronic transmission of signals for communication purposes. Networks connect computers to share data and resources. Data is transmitted in packets with headers containing addressing information. Networks can be configured in different topologies like bus, star, or ring. Common protocols ensure consistent communication between nodes. Cabling, wireless transmission, and telephone lines are different communication media that networks use to transmit data. Devices like bridges, routers, and switches help direct and control data flow within networks.
Telecommunications allow electronic transmission of signals for communication purposes. Networks connect computers to share data and resources. Data is transmitted in packets with headers containing addressing information. Networks can be configured in different topologies like bus, star, or ring. Common protocols ensure consistent communication between nodes. Cabling, wireless transmission, and telephone lines are different communication media that networks use to transmit data. Devices like bridges, routers, and switches help direct and control data flow within networks.
Telecommunications allow electronic transmission of signals for communication purposes. Networks connect computers to share data and resources. Data is transmitted in packets with headers containing addressing information. Networks use protocols to establish communication rules. Cabling, wireless, and telephone lines are used as communication channels to transmit data in either parallel or serial modes.
There are 4 main types of network topologies: star, ring, bus, and mesh. The document discusses each topology in more detail. A star topology has a central node that acts as a hub and connects all other nodes. A ring topology forms a continuous pathway around the nodes in a ring. A bus topology uses a main backbone cable that all nodes connect to transmit data in one direction. Network hardware devices include network interface cards, gateways, routers, proxies, and hubs.
Telecommunications allow electronic transmission of signals for communication purposes. Networks connect computers to share data and resources. Data is transmitted in packets with headers containing addressing information. Networks use protocols to establish communication rules and access methods to control data transmission. Various media transmit data, including cabling, wireless, and telephone lines. Modems modulate digital signals for analog transmission and demodulate the signals for digital reception. Network devices like bridges, routers, and switches help direct and control data flow.
This document provides an overview and introduction to data communications and networking. It discusses key topics such as data communication, networks, the internet, protocols and standards. The document is divided into chapters that cover introductions to data communications, networks, network types (LAN, MAN, WAN), network topologies (star, bus, ring, mesh, hybrid), the internet, protocols, and a brief history of networking. It provides definitions and examples for each topic in concise bullet points or paragraphs.
A computer network connects two or more computers together to allow sharing of resources and communication between users. Common network types include local area networks (LANs) within a building, metropolitan area networks (MANs) within a city, and wide area networks (WANs) spanning multiple cities or countries. The topology, or layout of connections between devices, can take bus, star, ring or mesh forms. Protocols and layered network architectures like TCP/IP or OSI model provide standards for communication between networked devices.
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This document provides an overview of computer networks, including their components, characteristics, and classifications. It defines peer-to-peer and client-server networks, describing their advantages and disadvantages. Various network topologies such as bus, star, ring, and mesh are explained. The document also outlines the key standards organizations that set networking guidelines and lists common network hardware functions. Learners will gain an understanding of fundamental network concepts.
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A computer network connects computers and allows communication and collaboration between users. It consists of hosts like PCs and laptops, routers and switches, links like cables, protocols like TCP and IP, applications, and humans. Networks are used to share data, devices, software, and communication. Common network types include local area networks within an office, wide area networks between locations, and hybrid networks like home or campus networks. Networks can be structured as client/server, peer-to-peer, or use a combination. Topologies include star, bus, ring and mesh configurations. Wired networks use cables while wireless uses radio waves. Network hardware and protocols enable communication between nodes on the network.
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This document provides an overview of networking concepts including the basic components of a network, common network topologies, network devices, network addressing using IP addresses and subnet masks, network models like OSI and TCP/IP, and basic network communication. Key topics covered include LANs, WANs, Ethernet, wireless networks, routers, switches, TCP, UDP, ports, MAC addresses, and the layers of the OSI and TCP/IP models.
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1. Computer Networks
Lecture # 6
Course Title: Computer Networks
Instructor: Tahira Malik (Lecturer)
Email Address: tahira@uosahiwal.edu.pk
Department of Computer Science
Term (Semester): Fall 2020
1
2. DATA COMMUNICATIONS
The term telecommunication means communication at a
distance. The word data refers to information presented in
whatever form is agreed upon by the parties creating and
using the data. Data communications are the exchange of
data between two devices via some form of transmission
medium such as a wire cable.
Components
Data Representations
Data Flow
Topics discussed in this section:
3. Components of Data Communication
• Message
• Sender
• Receiver
• Transmission Medium
• Protocol
7. Types of Connection
• Point to Point:
It provides a dedicated link between two devices. The
entire capacity of link is reserved for transmission between those
two devices. Most point to point connections use an actual
length of wire or cable to connects the two ends.
• Multipoint :
it is one in which more than two specific devices share the
single link.
14. Figure A hybrid topology: a star backbone with three bus networks
15. Network Topologies
• Topology
– Logical layout of wires and equipment
– Choice affects
• Network performance
• Network size
• Network collision detection
– Several different types
16. Network Topologies
• Packets
– Pieces of data transmitted over a network
• Packets are created by sending node
• Data is reassembled by receiving node
– Packet header
• Sending and receiving address
– Packet payload
• Number and size of data
• Actual data
– Packet error control
17. Network Topologies
• Bus topology
– Also called linear bus
– One wire connects all nodes
– Terminator ends the wires
– Advantages
• Easy to setup
• Small amount of wire
– Disadvantages
• Slow
• Easy to crash
18. Network Topologies
• Star topology
– All nodes connect to a hub
• Packets sent to hub
• Hub sends packet to destination
– Advantages
• Easy to setup
• One cable can not crash network
– Disadvantages
• One hub crashing downs entire network
• Uses lots of cable
– Most common topology
19. Network Topologies
• Ring topology
– Nodes connected in a circle
– Tokens used to transmit data
• Nodes must wait for token to send
– Advantages
• Time to send data is known
• No data collisions
– Disadvantages
• Slow
• Lots of cable
20. Network Topologies
• Mesh topology
– All computers connected together
– Internet is a mesh network
– Advantage
• Data will always be delivered
– Disadvantages
• Lots of cable
• Hard to setup