Climate change
Biodiversity
Impacts
Global warming
Green house effects
Ozone hole
CFC's
Biological diversity
Bromine
Food web
Green house gases
Water vapour
Infrared radiation
Fossil fuels burning
Industrial pollution
Global climate change refers to long-term shifts in weather patterns due to both natural causes like volcanic eruptions and human activities such as burning fossil fuels. The greenhouse effect traps heat in the lower atmosphere due to greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide and methane, resulting in global warming and rising global temperatures over recent decades. Effects of climate change include rising sea levels, more extreme weather events, melting glaciers and ice sheets, and threats to human health, agriculture, and ecosystems. Strategies to address climate change focus on reducing greenhouse gas emissions through alternatives to fossil fuels, conservation efforts, and preparing for inevitable impacts.
This document discusses climate change, global warming, and ozone layer depletion. It defines climate and climate change, noting that climate change is altering weather patterns and threatening sustainability. It explains that greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide are trapping more heat in the atmosphere and warming the Earth. The document also describes how CFCs and other chemicals released into the atmosphere are depleting the ozone layer, which protects life from UV radiation, and discusses evidence of climate change like melting glaciers and rising sea levels. Solutions proposed include transitioning to renewable energy and reducing greenhouse gas emissions.
The document discusses the greenhouse effect and global warming. It explains that the greenhouse effect is a natural phenomenon that warms the Earth's surface through greenhouse gases, but human activities like burning fossil fuels and deforestation have increased greenhouse gas levels and exacerbated the effect. This has led to increased global temperatures, rising sea levels, and more extreme weather events. The future effects of climate change if warming continues include worse droughts and hurricanes, species extinction, reduced crop yields, and risks to infrastructure and habitats from sea level rise. Solutions proposed to address global warming include reducing fossil fuel use, improving efficiency, planting trees, and transitioning to renewable energy.
The document discusses climate change and its causes and effects. It explains that increasing levels of greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide and methane in the atmosphere from human activities like burning fossil fuels and deforestation are trapping more heat and causing the planet to warm. This is leading to rising sea levels, more extreme weather, melting glaciers and loss of arctic ice, and threats to biodiversity and human societies. The document advocates addressing climate change by transitioning to renewable energy, improving energy efficiency, adopting sustainable practices in infrastructure, transportation, consumption, and recycling to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.
EE Mod5@AzDOCUMENTSfgyguygyfyfuyf.in.pdfAnup464706
This document discusses several social and environmental issues:
1) Climate change is increasing global temperatures and affecting weather patterns. This is damaging human health, food and water supplies.
2) Other issues covered include acid rain, ozone layer depletion, nuclear accidents, wasteland reclamation, consumerism and various Indian environmental laws. The laws establish pollution standards and oversight boards to protect air, water and wildlife.
3) Environmental degradation affects public health and living standards. Various movements aim to protect displaced communities and ecosystems from development projects.
Eutrophication is the accumulation of nutrients in aquatic ecosystems caused by human activities that alter ecological cycles. It leads to changes in the structure of plant, animal, and bacterial communities. Two key pollutants that contribute to eutrophication are nitrogen oxides from vehicle emissions which form smog and acid rain, and phosphates from decomposition which stimulate harmful algal blooms. Eutrophication raises nutrients like ammonia and lowers dissolved oxygen levels, negatively impacting ecosystems.
The document discusses various types of pollution including air, water, soil, light, noise, thermal and radioactive pollution. It describes how pollution occurs when the environment can no longer process pollutants. Some key causes of pollution are carbon dioxide from deforestation and burning fossil fuels, and sulfur dioxide from burning fossil fuels. Air pollution can cause respiratory and cardiovascular diseases in humans and harm plants and crops. Rising carbon dioxide levels are leading to global warming and climate change impacts.
Global climate change refers to long-term shifts in weather patterns due to both natural causes like volcanic eruptions and human activities such as burning fossil fuels. The greenhouse effect traps heat in the lower atmosphere due to greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide and methane, resulting in global warming and rising global temperatures over recent decades. Effects of climate change include rising sea levels, more extreme weather events, melting glaciers and ice sheets, and threats to human health, agriculture, and ecosystems. Strategies to address climate change focus on reducing greenhouse gas emissions through alternatives to fossil fuels, conservation efforts, and preparing for inevitable impacts.
This document discusses climate change, global warming, and ozone layer depletion. It defines climate and climate change, noting that climate change is altering weather patterns and threatening sustainability. It explains that greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide are trapping more heat in the atmosphere and warming the Earth. The document also describes how CFCs and other chemicals released into the atmosphere are depleting the ozone layer, which protects life from UV radiation, and discusses evidence of climate change like melting glaciers and rising sea levels. Solutions proposed include transitioning to renewable energy and reducing greenhouse gas emissions.
The document discusses the greenhouse effect and global warming. It explains that the greenhouse effect is a natural phenomenon that warms the Earth's surface through greenhouse gases, but human activities like burning fossil fuels and deforestation have increased greenhouse gas levels and exacerbated the effect. This has led to increased global temperatures, rising sea levels, and more extreme weather events. The future effects of climate change if warming continues include worse droughts and hurricanes, species extinction, reduced crop yields, and risks to infrastructure and habitats from sea level rise. Solutions proposed to address global warming include reducing fossil fuel use, improving efficiency, planting trees, and transitioning to renewable energy.
The document discusses climate change and its causes and effects. It explains that increasing levels of greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide and methane in the atmosphere from human activities like burning fossil fuels and deforestation are trapping more heat and causing the planet to warm. This is leading to rising sea levels, more extreme weather, melting glaciers and loss of arctic ice, and threats to biodiversity and human societies. The document advocates addressing climate change by transitioning to renewable energy, improving energy efficiency, adopting sustainable practices in infrastructure, transportation, consumption, and recycling to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.
EE Mod5@AzDOCUMENTSfgyguygyfyfuyf.in.pdfAnup464706
This document discusses several social and environmental issues:
1) Climate change is increasing global temperatures and affecting weather patterns. This is damaging human health, food and water supplies.
2) Other issues covered include acid rain, ozone layer depletion, nuclear accidents, wasteland reclamation, consumerism and various Indian environmental laws. The laws establish pollution standards and oversight boards to protect air, water and wildlife.
3) Environmental degradation affects public health and living standards. Various movements aim to protect displaced communities and ecosystems from development projects.
Eutrophication is the accumulation of nutrients in aquatic ecosystems caused by human activities that alter ecological cycles. It leads to changes in the structure of plant, animal, and bacterial communities. Two key pollutants that contribute to eutrophication are nitrogen oxides from vehicle emissions which form smog and acid rain, and phosphates from decomposition which stimulate harmful algal blooms. Eutrophication raises nutrients like ammonia and lowers dissolved oxygen levels, negatively impacting ecosystems.
The document discusses various types of pollution including air, water, soil, light, noise, thermal and radioactive pollution. It describes how pollution occurs when the environment can no longer process pollutants. Some key causes of pollution are carbon dioxide from deforestation and burning fossil fuels, and sulfur dioxide from burning fossil fuels. Air pollution can cause respiratory and cardiovascular diseases in humans and harm plants and crops. Rising carbon dioxide levels are leading to global warming and climate change impacts.
The document discusses several topics related to air pollution and its effects:
1) Greenhouse gases like CO2 are increasing global temperatures by trapping heat in the atmosphere. CO2 levels have risen 25% in the last 100 years and are predicted to continue rising.
2) Ozone-depleting chemicals like CFCs released gases that destroy the stratospheric ozone layer. This thinning of the ozone layer allows more ultraviolet radiation to reach the Earth's surface.
3) Various human activities are major contributors to increased greenhouse gas emissions and pollution, including burning fossil fuels and industrial/agricultural processes. If emissions continue rising, global warming could increase temperatures significantly by 2100.
This document discusses air pollution, its causes, effects, and ways to control it. It defines air pollution as the release of harmful gases, particles, and molecules into the air. The major causes are emissions from automobiles, industries, agriculture, and mining. Air pollution can lead to acid rain, smog, global warming, ozone layer depletion, and adverse health and environmental impacts. Some solutions proposed to control air pollution include using public transport instead of vehicles, conserving energy, using clean energy sources, controlling industrial emissions, and planting more trees.
The document discusses various types of pollution including air, water, soil, noise, light, and radioactive pollution. It focuses on defining air pollution as the introduction of chemicals, particulate matter, or biological materials into the atmosphere which can spread quickly and cause lung and skin diseases. Some of the major air pollutants mentioned are sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, carbon monoxide, ozone, volatile organic compounds, and airborne particles. The document also notes that increased levels of these gases in the atmosphere are depleting the ozone layer.
L2-Environmental Engineering- Main Consideration_3ea6160be9e77bb0adb2bc1019a6...jiranjami46
This document summarizes key topics in environmental engineering, including:
1) Environmental issues like pollution, overpopulation, and climate change and efforts to establish a balance between humans and the environment.
2) Factors that influence population growth like birth rates, death rates, and environment. World population has grown from 1 billion in 1830 to over 7 billion now.
3) Concepts in ecology like ecosystems, biosphere, hydrosphere, lithosphere, and the impacts of pollution.
The document discusses several topics related to global warming and the environment:
- It explains that global warming is caused by greenhouse gas emissions and is a major threat. Air pollutants from fossil fuels contribute to this effect.
- Cleaning up some pollutants without reducing emissions can accelerate warming and cause health impacts, as seen in the 2003 European heat wave.
- Most agree that action needs to be taken on global warming, through frameworks like the UNFCCC and mechanisms in the Kyoto Protocol to reduce emissions.
The document discusses several key topics related to global environmental issues:
1. It describes the different types of ecosystem services that benefit humans, including provisioning, regulating, supporting, and cultural services.
2. It explains the causes and effects of ozone layer depletion, including the role of chlorofluorocarbons and other ozone-depleting substances.
3. It discusses the causes and impacts of global warming and climate change, focusing on greenhouse gas emissions and their effects on temperature rise, extreme weather, species distribution shifts, and health risks.
Environment and Natural Resources Chp-6 General Science 9th 10thKamran Abdullah
Subject : General Science
Teacher: Mr Ehtisham Ul Haq
Class: BS EDUCATION
Semester: 2nd (Spring(2023-2027)
Date Of Starting Of Semester : 4 September 2023
Date Of End Of Semester : 20 January 2024
University Of Sargodha
Institute of Education
These are the presentation slides that we prepare by our own research and work!
L2-Environmental Engineering- Main Consideration.pdfYusfarijerjis
This document discusses various topics related to environmental engineering and ecology. It addresses key environmental issues like pollution, climate change, and overpopulation. It also discusses solutions like prevention, reuse, and recycling. Additionally, it covers the components of the environment like the atmosphere, hydrosphere, lithosphere, and biosphere. Specific layers of the atmosphere and types of pollution are defined. Finally, it touches on topics like ecosystems, population growth, density and analysis.
This document provides an overview of environmental impact assessments and discusses key concepts related to the environment. It defines the environment and notes that it consists of biotic and abiotic factors. It then describes the four main components of the environment - the atmosphere, hydrosphere, lithosphere, and biosphere. The relationship between humans and the environment is discussed. Environmental degradation and global warming are explained as major environmental issues. The greenhouse effect and potential effects of global warming like droughts, fires, and floods are summarized.
Global warming is caused by human activities that release greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide and methane into the atmosphere. Burning fossil fuels for transportation, electricity, manufacturing, and other industrial processes are major contributors. Deforestation, livestock farming, and other agricultural practices also release greenhouse gases. If changes are not made to reduce emissions over the next decade, the planet will face irreversible environmental catastrophe and societal impacts.
Environment
Natural Environment
Why we need Environment?
Types of Environment
Components of Environment
Types of Components of Environment
Factors responsible for change in Environment
Effect of insecticides on environment
Effect of fungicides on environment
Effect of herbicides on environment
The Earth Is Getting Warmer
Sea Levels Are Rising
The Ocean Is Acidifying
What is Environmental Management?
Characteristics of Environmental Management
Significance of Environmental Management
General Scheme for Environmental Management
Approaches of environmental management
Elements of EMS
Workflow of EMS
ISO 140001
Components of ISO 140001
The problems attract worldwide attention K/a Global Environmental Problems.
The top three environmental problems are: (1) Greenhouse Effect and Global Warming (2) Depletion of Ozone and (3) Acid Rain.
Global warming refers to the increase in average temperatures of the Earth's atmosphere and oceans since the mid-20th century. Global surface temperatures have increased by about 1 degree Celsius over the past 100 years, according to the IPCC. The primary cause of global warming is human-induced increases in greenhouse gas emissions, though some natural phenomena like solar variation have also contributed to temperature changes. Potential effects of global warming include glacial retreat, sea level rise, changes in precipitation patterns and extreme weather events. While difficult to attribute single events to global warming, the overall changes are projected to have significant environmental and economic consequences.
Environmental Hazards:Air pollutionBY
Miss. Zade Manasi S.
M.Pharm 1ST Year Sem II
Department Of Pharmaceutical Quality Assurance,Bharati Vidyapeeth College Of Pharmacy, Kolhapur.
1.Content:Introduction Air pollution Harmful effect of air pollution Environmental effects
Acid rain Ozone depletion Global warming Sources of air pollution Air pollution control measures
2. Introduction: An environmental hazard is a substance, a state or an event which has the potential to threaten the surrounding natural environment/ adversely affect people’s health, including pollution and natural disasters such as storms and earthquakes.
Any undesirable change in the physical, chemical or biological features of air, land and water is called pollution.
Any physical, chemical or biotic component/ agent or non- living substance that is responsible to bring about an undesirable change in the environment is called pollutant.
3. Air pollution: Any atmospheric condition in which substances are present at concentrations high enough above their normal ambient levels to produce a measurable effect on man, animals, vegetation or materials is called air pollution.
Harmful effects of air pollution:
1. ON HUMAN:
Around 30-40% of cases of asthma and 20-30% of all respiratory disease.
4. effect our health in many ways with both short term and long term effect.
Short term effect are: irritation to nose, eye, throat, bronchitis, headache etc.
Long term affect are: lung disease, chronic respiratory problem, damage to heart, brain, eyes etc.
Eye irritation due to NOx, O3, PAN, particulates.
Nose and throat due to SO2, NOx etc.
Gaseous pollutants like H2S, SO2, NO2 and hydrocarbons cause odor nuisance.
5. Irritation of respiration tract caused by SOx, NOx, CO, O3.
Increase in mortality.
High conc. of SO2, NO2 and SPM causes bronchitis and asthma.
CO and NO react with hemoglobin and reduce O2 carrying capacity of blood.
Heavy metals like lead can cause poisoning. High conc. cause damage to liver and kidney.
6. FACTORS AFFECTING HUMAN HEALTH:
Nature of the pollutants
Concentration of the pollutants
Duration of exposure
State of health of receptor
Age group of the receptor
2. ON PLANT
Decrease yield in agriculture.
Suppressed growth of vegetables.
Leaf injury and damage to young plants.
Decreased growth rate and increased death rate.
FACTORS AFFECTING HUMAN HEALTH:
Nature of the pollutants
Concentration of the pollutants
Duration of exposure
State of health of receptor
Age group of the receptor
2. ON PLANT
Decrease yield in agriculture.
Suppressed growth of vegetables.
Leaf injury and damage to young plants.
Decreased growth rate and increased death rate.
FACTORS AFFECTING HUMAN HEALTH:
Nature of the pollutants
Concentration of the pollutants
Duration of exposure
State of health of receptor
Age group of the receptor
2. ON PLANT
Decrease yield in agriculture.
Suppressed growth of vegetables.
Leaf injury and damage to young plants.
Global warming is caused by both natural phenomena and human activities that increase greenhouse gas emissions. As greenhouse gas levels rise, more heat is trapped in the lower atmosphere, causing Earth's average surface temperature to increase. Major greenhouse gases include carbon dioxide (CO2), methane, nitrous oxide, and fluorinated gases. Human sources of these gases include burning fossil fuels, deforestation, farming, industrial processes, and landfills. Impacts of global warming include rising sea levels, changes in weather patterns and precipitation, ocean acidification, and more frequent extreme weather events. Glaciers and ice sheets are also melting, which threatens many animal populations and ecosystems.
Chapter 16.environmental issues by mohanbiomohan bio
The document discusses various types of pollution including air, water, soil, and radiation pollution. It provides details on the causes and effects of air pollution, describing major air pollutants such as oxides of sulfur and nitrogen. Methods to control air pollution are also outlined, such as electrostatic precipitators and catalytic converters. Water pollution and its effects on biodiversity are then examined, followed by information on other environmental issues like greenhouse effect, global warming, ozone layer depletion, and different forms of waste.
Greenhouse and methane emission effects on fruit plantssukhjinder mann
The document discusses the effects of greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide and methane on global climate change and fruit plants. It notes that greenhouse gases trap heat in the lower atmosphere, causing the planet to be about 15°C warmer than it would be otherwise. It then discusses the major greenhouse gases and their sources, as well as how climate change is impacting fruit cultivation around the world. For example, apple production in India is declining by 40-50% at lower altitudes as warmer temperatures reduce chilling requirements. The document also examines the physiological effects of increased CO2 and ozone on plant growth and fruit quality.
This document summarizes the major human impacts on the Earth system, including population growth, resource consumption, greenhouse gas emissions, and various forms of environmental degradation. It discusses how human activities have altered the geosphere, hydrosphere, atmosphere, and biosphere. In particular, it outlines the evidence that greenhouse gas emissions from fossil fuel burning are causing global climate change, and some of the potential environmental and societal impacts of a warming planet. The document concludes by considering options for mitigating or adapting to anthropogenic changes to the Earth system.
The document discusses several topics related to air pollution and its effects:
1) Greenhouse gases like CO2 are increasing global temperatures by trapping heat in the atmosphere. CO2 levels have risen 25% in the last 100 years and are predicted to continue rising.
2) Ozone-depleting chemicals like CFCs released gases that destroy the stratospheric ozone layer. This thinning of the ozone layer allows more ultraviolet radiation to reach the Earth's surface.
3) Various human activities are major contributors to increased greenhouse gas emissions and pollution, including burning fossil fuels and industrial/agricultural processes. If emissions continue rising, global warming could increase temperatures significantly by 2100.
This document discusses air pollution, its causes, effects, and ways to control it. It defines air pollution as the release of harmful gases, particles, and molecules into the air. The major causes are emissions from automobiles, industries, agriculture, and mining. Air pollution can lead to acid rain, smog, global warming, ozone layer depletion, and adverse health and environmental impacts. Some solutions proposed to control air pollution include using public transport instead of vehicles, conserving energy, using clean energy sources, controlling industrial emissions, and planting more trees.
The document discusses various types of pollution including air, water, soil, noise, light, and radioactive pollution. It focuses on defining air pollution as the introduction of chemicals, particulate matter, or biological materials into the atmosphere which can spread quickly and cause lung and skin diseases. Some of the major air pollutants mentioned are sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, carbon monoxide, ozone, volatile organic compounds, and airborne particles. The document also notes that increased levels of these gases in the atmosphere are depleting the ozone layer.
L2-Environmental Engineering- Main Consideration_3ea6160be9e77bb0adb2bc1019a6...jiranjami46
This document summarizes key topics in environmental engineering, including:
1) Environmental issues like pollution, overpopulation, and climate change and efforts to establish a balance between humans and the environment.
2) Factors that influence population growth like birth rates, death rates, and environment. World population has grown from 1 billion in 1830 to over 7 billion now.
3) Concepts in ecology like ecosystems, biosphere, hydrosphere, lithosphere, and the impacts of pollution.
The document discusses several topics related to global warming and the environment:
- It explains that global warming is caused by greenhouse gas emissions and is a major threat. Air pollutants from fossil fuels contribute to this effect.
- Cleaning up some pollutants without reducing emissions can accelerate warming and cause health impacts, as seen in the 2003 European heat wave.
- Most agree that action needs to be taken on global warming, through frameworks like the UNFCCC and mechanisms in the Kyoto Protocol to reduce emissions.
The document discusses several key topics related to global environmental issues:
1. It describes the different types of ecosystem services that benefit humans, including provisioning, regulating, supporting, and cultural services.
2. It explains the causes and effects of ozone layer depletion, including the role of chlorofluorocarbons and other ozone-depleting substances.
3. It discusses the causes and impacts of global warming and climate change, focusing on greenhouse gas emissions and their effects on temperature rise, extreme weather, species distribution shifts, and health risks.
Environment and Natural Resources Chp-6 General Science 9th 10thKamran Abdullah
Subject : General Science
Teacher: Mr Ehtisham Ul Haq
Class: BS EDUCATION
Semester: 2nd (Spring(2023-2027)
Date Of Starting Of Semester : 4 September 2023
Date Of End Of Semester : 20 January 2024
University Of Sargodha
Institute of Education
These are the presentation slides that we prepare by our own research and work!
L2-Environmental Engineering- Main Consideration.pdfYusfarijerjis
This document discusses various topics related to environmental engineering and ecology. It addresses key environmental issues like pollution, climate change, and overpopulation. It also discusses solutions like prevention, reuse, and recycling. Additionally, it covers the components of the environment like the atmosphere, hydrosphere, lithosphere, and biosphere. Specific layers of the atmosphere and types of pollution are defined. Finally, it touches on topics like ecosystems, population growth, density and analysis.
This document provides an overview of environmental impact assessments and discusses key concepts related to the environment. It defines the environment and notes that it consists of biotic and abiotic factors. It then describes the four main components of the environment - the atmosphere, hydrosphere, lithosphere, and biosphere. The relationship between humans and the environment is discussed. Environmental degradation and global warming are explained as major environmental issues. The greenhouse effect and potential effects of global warming like droughts, fires, and floods are summarized.
Global warming is caused by human activities that release greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide and methane into the atmosphere. Burning fossil fuels for transportation, electricity, manufacturing, and other industrial processes are major contributors. Deforestation, livestock farming, and other agricultural practices also release greenhouse gases. If changes are not made to reduce emissions over the next decade, the planet will face irreversible environmental catastrophe and societal impacts.
Environment
Natural Environment
Why we need Environment?
Types of Environment
Components of Environment
Types of Components of Environment
Factors responsible for change in Environment
Effect of insecticides on environment
Effect of fungicides on environment
Effect of herbicides on environment
The Earth Is Getting Warmer
Sea Levels Are Rising
The Ocean Is Acidifying
What is Environmental Management?
Characteristics of Environmental Management
Significance of Environmental Management
General Scheme for Environmental Management
Approaches of environmental management
Elements of EMS
Workflow of EMS
ISO 140001
Components of ISO 140001
The problems attract worldwide attention K/a Global Environmental Problems.
The top three environmental problems are: (1) Greenhouse Effect and Global Warming (2) Depletion of Ozone and (3) Acid Rain.
Global warming refers to the increase in average temperatures of the Earth's atmosphere and oceans since the mid-20th century. Global surface temperatures have increased by about 1 degree Celsius over the past 100 years, according to the IPCC. The primary cause of global warming is human-induced increases in greenhouse gas emissions, though some natural phenomena like solar variation have also contributed to temperature changes. Potential effects of global warming include glacial retreat, sea level rise, changes in precipitation patterns and extreme weather events. While difficult to attribute single events to global warming, the overall changes are projected to have significant environmental and economic consequences.
Environmental Hazards:Air pollutionBY
Miss. Zade Manasi S.
M.Pharm 1ST Year Sem II
Department Of Pharmaceutical Quality Assurance,Bharati Vidyapeeth College Of Pharmacy, Kolhapur.
1.Content:Introduction Air pollution Harmful effect of air pollution Environmental effects
Acid rain Ozone depletion Global warming Sources of air pollution Air pollution control measures
2. Introduction: An environmental hazard is a substance, a state or an event which has the potential to threaten the surrounding natural environment/ adversely affect people’s health, including pollution and natural disasters such as storms and earthquakes.
Any undesirable change in the physical, chemical or biological features of air, land and water is called pollution.
Any physical, chemical or biotic component/ agent or non- living substance that is responsible to bring about an undesirable change in the environment is called pollutant.
3. Air pollution: Any atmospheric condition in which substances are present at concentrations high enough above their normal ambient levels to produce a measurable effect on man, animals, vegetation or materials is called air pollution.
Harmful effects of air pollution:
1. ON HUMAN:
Around 30-40% of cases of asthma and 20-30% of all respiratory disease.
4. effect our health in many ways with both short term and long term effect.
Short term effect are: irritation to nose, eye, throat, bronchitis, headache etc.
Long term affect are: lung disease, chronic respiratory problem, damage to heart, brain, eyes etc.
Eye irritation due to NOx, O3, PAN, particulates.
Nose and throat due to SO2, NOx etc.
Gaseous pollutants like H2S, SO2, NO2 and hydrocarbons cause odor nuisance.
5. Irritation of respiration tract caused by SOx, NOx, CO, O3.
Increase in mortality.
High conc. of SO2, NO2 and SPM causes bronchitis and asthma.
CO and NO react with hemoglobin and reduce O2 carrying capacity of blood.
Heavy metals like lead can cause poisoning. High conc. cause damage to liver and kidney.
6. FACTORS AFFECTING HUMAN HEALTH:
Nature of the pollutants
Concentration of the pollutants
Duration of exposure
State of health of receptor
Age group of the receptor
2. ON PLANT
Decrease yield in agriculture.
Suppressed growth of vegetables.
Leaf injury and damage to young plants.
Decreased growth rate and increased death rate.
FACTORS AFFECTING HUMAN HEALTH:
Nature of the pollutants
Concentration of the pollutants
Duration of exposure
State of health of receptor
Age group of the receptor
2. ON PLANT
Decrease yield in agriculture.
Suppressed growth of vegetables.
Leaf injury and damage to young plants.
Decreased growth rate and increased death rate.
FACTORS AFFECTING HUMAN HEALTH:
Nature of the pollutants
Concentration of the pollutants
Duration of exposure
State of health of receptor
Age group of the receptor
2. ON PLANT
Decrease yield in agriculture.
Suppressed growth of vegetables.
Leaf injury and damage to young plants.
Global warming is caused by both natural phenomena and human activities that increase greenhouse gas emissions. As greenhouse gas levels rise, more heat is trapped in the lower atmosphere, causing Earth's average surface temperature to increase. Major greenhouse gases include carbon dioxide (CO2), methane, nitrous oxide, and fluorinated gases. Human sources of these gases include burning fossil fuels, deforestation, farming, industrial processes, and landfills. Impacts of global warming include rising sea levels, changes in weather patterns and precipitation, ocean acidification, and more frequent extreme weather events. Glaciers and ice sheets are also melting, which threatens many animal populations and ecosystems.
Chapter 16.environmental issues by mohanbiomohan bio
The document discusses various types of pollution including air, water, soil, and radiation pollution. It provides details on the causes and effects of air pollution, describing major air pollutants such as oxides of sulfur and nitrogen. Methods to control air pollution are also outlined, such as electrostatic precipitators and catalytic converters. Water pollution and its effects on biodiversity are then examined, followed by information on other environmental issues like greenhouse effect, global warming, ozone layer depletion, and different forms of waste.
Greenhouse and methane emission effects on fruit plantssukhjinder mann
The document discusses the effects of greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide and methane on global climate change and fruit plants. It notes that greenhouse gases trap heat in the lower atmosphere, causing the planet to be about 15°C warmer than it would be otherwise. It then discusses the major greenhouse gases and their sources, as well as how climate change is impacting fruit cultivation around the world. For example, apple production in India is declining by 40-50% at lower altitudes as warmer temperatures reduce chilling requirements. The document also examines the physiological effects of increased CO2 and ozone on plant growth and fruit quality.
This document summarizes the major human impacts on the Earth system, including population growth, resource consumption, greenhouse gas emissions, and various forms of environmental degradation. It discusses how human activities have altered the geosphere, hydrosphere, atmosphere, and biosphere. In particular, it outlines the evidence that greenhouse gas emissions from fossil fuel burning are causing global climate change, and some of the potential environmental and societal impacts of a warming planet. The document concludes by considering options for mitigating or adapting to anthropogenic changes to the Earth system.
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The popularity of functional foods among scientists and common people has been increasing day by day. Awareness and modernization make the consumer think better regarding food and nutrition. Now a day’s individual knows very well about the relation between food consumption and disease prevalence. Humans have a diversity of microbes in the gut that together form the gut microflora. Probiotics are the health-promoting live microbial cells improve host health through gut and brain connection and fighting against harmful bacteria. Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus are the two bacterial genera which are considered to be probiotic. These good bacteria are facing challenges of viability. There are so many factors such as sensitivity to heat, pH, acidity, osmotic effect, mechanical shear, chemical components, freezing and storage time as well which affects the viability of probiotics in the dairy food matrix as well as in the gut. Multiple efforts have been done in the past and ongoing in present for these beneficial microbial population stability until their destination in the gut. One of a useful technique known as microencapsulation makes the probiotic effective in the diversified conditions and maintain these microbe’s community to the optimum level for achieving targeted benefits. Dairy products are found to be an ideal vehicle for probiotic incorporation. It has been seen that the encapsulated microbial cells show higher viability than the free cells in different processing and storage conditions as well as against bile salts in the gut. They make the food functional when incorporated, without affecting the product sensory characteristics.
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Water polluted by dyestuffs compounds is a global threat to health and the environment; accordingly, we prepared a green novel sorbent chemical and Physical system from an algae, chitosan and chitosan nanoparticle and impregnated with algae with chitosan nanocomposite for the sorption of Malachite green dye from water. The algae with chitosan nanocomposite by a simple method and used as a recyclable and effective adsorbent for the removal of malachite green dye from aqueous solutions. Algae, chitosan, chitosan nanoparticle and algae with chitosan nanocomposite were characterized using different physicochemical methods. The functional groups and chemical compounds found in algae, chitosan, chitosan algae, chitosan nanoparticle, and chitosan nanoparticle with algae were identified using FTIR, SEM, and TGADTA/DTG techniques. The optimal adsorption conditions, different dosages, pH and Temperature the amount of algae with chitosan nanocomposite were determined. At optimized conditions and the batch equilibrium studies more than 99% of the dye was removed. The adsorption process data matched well kinetics showed that the reaction order for dye varied with pseudo-first order and pseudo-second order. Furthermore, the maximum adsorption capacity of the algae with chitosan nanocomposite toward malachite green dye reached as high as 15.5mg/g, respectively. Finally, multiple times reusing of algae with chitosan nanocomposite and removing dye from a real wastewater has made it a promising and attractive option for further practical applications.
Evolving Lifecycles with High Resolution Site Characterization (HRSC) and 3-D...Joshua Orris
The incorporation of a 3DCSM and completion of HRSC provided a tool for enhanced, data-driven, decisions to support a change in remediation closure strategies. Currently, an approved pilot study has been obtained to shut-down the remediation systems (ISCO, P&T) and conduct a hydraulic study under non-pumping conditions. A separate micro-biological bench scale treatability study was competed that yielded positive results for an emerging innovative technology. As a result, a field pilot study has commenced with results expected in nine-twelve months. With the results of the hydraulic study, field pilot studies and an updated risk assessment leading site monitoring optimization cost lifecycle savings upwards of $15MM towards an alternatively evolved best available technology remediation closure strategy.
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Results of geophysics and pneumatic injection pilot tests during 2003 – 2007 yielded significant positive results for injection delivery design and contaminant mass treatment, resulting in permanent shut-down of an existing groundwater Pump & Treat system.
Accessible source areas were subsequently removed (2011) by soil excavation and treated with the placement of Emulsified Vegetable Oil EVO and zero-valent iron ZVI to accelerate treatment of impacted groundwater in overburden and weathered fractured bedrock. Post pilot test and post remediation groundwater monitoring has included analyses of CVOCs, organic fatty acids, dissolved gases and QuantArray® -Chlor to quantify key microorganisms (e.g., Dehalococcoides, Dehalobacter, etc.) and functional genes (e.g., vinyl chloride reductase, methane monooxygenase, etc.) to assess potential for reductive dechlorination and aerobic cometabolism of CVOCs.
In 2022, the first commercial application of MetaArray™ was performed at the site. MetaArray™ utilizes statistical analysis, such as principal component analysis and multivariate analysis to provide evidence that reductive dechlorination is active or even that it is slowing. This creates actionable data allowing users to save money by making important site management decisions earlier.
The results of the MetaArray™ analysis’ support vector machine (SVM) identified groundwater monitoring wells with a 80% confidence that were characterized as either Limited for Reductive Decholorination or had a High Reductive Reduction Dechlorination potential. The results of MetaArray™ will be used to further optimize the site’s post remediation monitoring program for monitored natural attenuation.
CLIMATE CHANGE AND ITS IMPACT ON BIODIVERSITY.pptx
1. CLIMATE CHANGE AND ITS
IMPACT ON BIODIVERSITY
PRESENTATION BY
P. KATHIRAVAN
M.Sc.,(Agri) Genetics and Plant Breeding
2. • CLIMATE CHANGE
• “Climate change” means a change of climate which is attributed
directly or indirectly to human activity that alters the composition
of the global atmosphere and which is in addition to natural climate
variability observed over comparable time periods.
• • However, when today people talk about ‘climate change’, they
mean the changes in climate over the last 100 years which is caused
predominantly by human activity.
3. • REASON FOR CLIMATE CHANGE
GLOBAL WARMING
• “Global warming is an average increase in the temperature of the
atmosphere near the Earth’s surface and in the troposphere, which
can contribute to changes in global climate patterns.
• It is caused by both natural and human induced.
• Mainly due to increased emissions of greenhouse gases from
human activities .
4. • Global Warming - Impacts
• Rise in Sea level
• Changes in rainfall patterns.
• Melting of the ice caps.
• Melting of glaciers.
• Spread of disease (like malaria, etc).
• Bleaching of Coral Reefs.
• Loss of Plankton due to warming of seas.
5. REASON FOR GLOBAL WARMING
• 1 .GREEN HOUSE EFFECT
• The greenhouse effect is a naturally occurring phenomenon that
blankets the earth lower atmosphere and warms it maintaining the
temperature suitable for living things to survive.
• Water vapour and greenhouse gases warms the Earth.
• List of Green house gases
SO2, NO2, CO2
6. Incoming Energy
• The Sun emits energy that is transmitted to Earths Atmosphere.
Absorption
• About 30% of the Sun's energy is reflected directly back into space
by the atmosphere. The rest of the Sun's energy is absorbed into
the Earth's system (70%) .
Emission
• The Earth re-emits energy back into the atmosphere
• The energy is emitted in the form of infrared radiation, at
wavelengths longer than the incoming solar energy.
7.
8. • 2. HUMAN ACTIVITIES
• The top activities that lead to the human causes of climate change
include:
• The burning of fossil fuels, such as coal, oil, and carbon
dioxide (driving your car, heating your home, etc.)
• Industrial processes (pollution from factories, product production,
etc.)
• Agriculture (conversion of land, etc.)
• Conversion of land for forestry.
9. • OZONE AND OZONE DEPLETION
• Ozone is found in two different layers of the atmosphere.
• Ozone in the troposphere is "bad" because it dirties the air and
helps to form smog, which is not good to breathe.
• Ozone in the stratosphere is "good" because it protects life on Earth
by absorbing some of the sun's harmful Ultra Violet (UV) rays
• Decrease in the concentration of ozone in a particular region of the
atmosphere of ozone hole.
10. example : Antarctic ozone hole which has only about 50 percent of
the ozone that originally occurred there.
SOURCES
• Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs):
• CFCs molecules are made up of chlorine, fluorine and carbon.
They are used as refrigerants (66%):
• Propellants in aerosol sprays,
• foaming agents in plastic manufacturing (30%),
• fire extinguishing agents,
11. • solvents for cleaning electronic and
• metallic components,
• freezing foods .
• It has properties like non- corrosiveness, non-in flammability, low
toxicity and chemical stability, etc.
• The residence time of CFCs in the atmosphere estimated to be
between 40 and 150 years.
• N2O
• Nitrous oxide (N2O) is released from nitrification of ammonia under
aerobic conditions.
• This N2O can gradually reach the middle of the stratosphere, where
12. • it is photolytically destroyed to yield nitric oxide which in turn
destroys ozone.
BROMINE
Bromine containing compounds called halons and HBFCs.
i.e hydrobromo fluorocarbons [both used in fire extinguishers
and methyl bromide (a widely used pesticide).
Each bromine atom destroys hundred times of more ozone
molecules than what a chlorine atom does.
13. • BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY
• Biological diversity refers to the variant amongst dwelling
organisms and the ecological complexes of which they are a part.
14. TYPES
1 .Genetic diversity
– Variation in genes within a particular species.
– It is the total number of genetic characteristics in the genetic
makeup of a species.
2. Species diversity:
– It refers to the variety of living organisms on earth.
– Species differ from one another, markedly in their genetic
makeup, do not inter-breed in nature.
– It is the ratio of one species population over total number of
organisms across all species in the given biome.
15. 3. Ecosystem / Community diversity:
– This refers to the different types of habitats. A habitat is the
cumulative factor of the climate, vegetation and geography of a
region.
Biodiversity and Food Web
• The building blocks of plants, animals and humans are identical, and
are made of the four elements - carbon, oxygen, nitrogen and
hydrogen
• The chain that links consumers to producers is called the food chain
or web of life.
16. Impact of Climate Change on Biodiversity
• The environmental changes being driven by climate change are
disturbing natural habitats and species in ways that are still only
becoming clear.
• Rising temperatures are affecting biodiversity, while changing
rainfall patterns, extreme weather events, and ocean acidification are
putting pressure on species already threatened by other human
activities.
• Rising temperatures in the oceans affect marine organisms.
17. • Rising global temperatures also have the potential to alter
ecosystems over longer periods by changing what can grow and live
within them.
• Number / proportion of species threatened by declining due to
climate change. Fraction of biodiversity indicator (e.g. RLI, LPI,
EBV) change attributable to climate change.