This document summarizes a research project on the impacts of climate change on monthly runoff. The objectives are to define climate change and runoff, identify the chemistry involved in evaluating impacts, and discuss effects on monthly runoff. Climate change is causing shifts in temperature and precipitation patterns that influence runoff. Higher temperatures lead to increased snowmelt and heavy rainfall, elevating surface runoff. Changes in runoff chemistry can concentrate ions like calcium over time. The research concludes that climate change affects monthly runoff levels in various ways, but consistently causes higher temperatures worldwide.

1. Research Topic: Impacts of
climate change on the monthly
runoff
GROUP II
MEMBERS
Caroline B. Tailey
G. Momo Holmes Jr.
Randolph Lama
Dorothy S. Stanley
Josephine N Ansah
Peterlyn Meekie Woodson

2. • Introduction
• Objectives of the research
• Definitions of climate and runoff
• Chemical Processes Involved in Evaluating the Impacts of
Climate Change on the Monthly Runoff.
• Impacts of Climate Change on The Monthly Runoff,
• Conclusion
• References

3. Introduction
Climate change is one of the major challenges affecting various aspects of human life. The effects of
global warming on the monthly run-off and the water cycle in nature are very serious and the need to
recognize these effects in preparation for dealing with its consequences. The runoff generation
process has changed due to climate change over the years.
Today, many studies have been conducted around the world regarding the potential impacts of
climate change on water resources, including the impact on water quantity, hydrology, and monthly
runoff.

4. Objectives of the research
Generally, the objectives of the research are as follows:
 Explain the terms climate change and runoff.
 Identify the chemistry involved in evaluating the impacts of climate change on
the monthly runoff.
 Discuss the impacts of climate change on the monthly runoff,

5. • Climate change
According to the United Nations definition of Climate change, it
refers to long-term shifts in temperatures and weather
patterns, the change in the environmental conditions of the
earth.
• Runoff
Runoff occurs when there is more water than the land
can absorb. The excess liquid flows across the surface
of the land and into nearby drainages, creeks, etc.
Runoff can come from both natural processes and
human activity.

6. • Change in Precipitation pattern
Runoff is precipitation that does not soak into the soil but
instead moves on the Earth's surface. Rainfall intensity
influences both the rate and the volume of runoff. Less
precipitation with an increased temperature can lead to drought.
IMPACTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON RUNOFF
• Change in temperature
global warming can lead to increases in
extreme precipitation events and
therefore to increased surface runoff
from soils unable to absorb heavy
rainfall and snowmelt.

7. • The increase in temperature can
lead to snowmelts, leading to
surface runoff. When this happens
the chemical composition of the
runoff can be dominated by Ca2+,
HCO3, and sea salt (Na+ and Cl),
The chemistry involved in the impact of climate change on
the monthly runoff
• For runoff in drainages, the
concentrations of Ca2+ can
increase over time due to
the prolonged residence
time of waters in the
drainage system flowing
towards the outlet.

8. Conclusion
By studying the effects of climate change, we conclude that the climate change impacts
on the monthly runoff varies greatly, in some cases the precipitation and runoff
decreases, and others show the precipitation and runoff increases. However, in all
reports, there is an evident increase in temperature. Climate change and its effects on
runoff are very important in this research as floods and droughts are more likely to
happen in these situations.

9. References
• Impact of climate change on surface runoff: a case study of the darabad river,
northeast of iran hamid reza zakizadeh,
• Jaiswal, r. K., Tiwari, H. L. & Lohani, A. K. Assessment of climate change
impact on rainfall for studying water availability in upper Mahanadi catchment,
India. Journal of water and climate change 8 (4), 755–770.
• Wilby, R. L. & Dawson, C. W. A decision support tool for the assessment of
regional climate change impacts. United kingdom.
• Vera, c., Silvestri, G., Liebmann, B. & González, P. Climate change scenarios
for seasonal precipitation in south America from IPCC-AR4 models.
Geophysical research letters 33 (13).

10. Photos Of Research Team
Researchers observing surface runoffs in Buzzay Quarters

12. Thank you for listening