8. PNEUMONIA
• Bacterial pneumonia has two patterns of anatomic distribution:
lobular bronchopneumonia and lobar pneumonia
• Patchy consolidation of the lung is the dominant characteristic of
bronchopneumonia.
9.
10.
11. • The consolidation may be confined to one lobe but is
more often multilobar and frequently bilateral and basal
because of the tendency of secretions to gravitate to the
lower lobes.
12.
13.
14.
15. PEPTIC ULCER
• Ulcer: Breach in muscularis mucosa of GI tract
• Erosion is more superficial breach
• Ulcers begin as erosions, but not all erosions progress to
ulcers
• Peptic ulcer:
• Chronic, usually solitary, due to acid-peptic juices
16. ACUTE GASTRITIS
• Heavy smoking
• Excessive alcohol
• Excessive NSAID-Aspirin,
Ibuprofen
• Uremia
• Ischemia and shock
• Stress( Major surgery,
burns, severe infections)
CHRONIC GASTRITIS
• Drugs- NSAID
• H.pylori
• Alcohol and smoking
• Radiation
• Pernicious anemia
17. GROSS
• 90% < 4 cm, 50% < 2cm, clean base (due to peptic
enzymes), surrounded by erythematous mucosa, may see
blood vessel in ulcer base
• Usually sharply punched out defect with straight walls,
NO heaped up margins
• Size doesn’t predict malignancy
22. AMYLOIDOSIS
• Amyloidosis is a condition associated with a number of
inherited and inflammatory disorders in which
extracellular deposits of fibrillar proteins are responsible
for tissue damage and functional compromise
23.
24.
25. • Autopsy specimen of a patient who died due to MI was
stained with triphenyltetrazolium chloride dye. Colour of
normal part of heart will be:
1. Blue
2. White
3. Red
4. Dark brown
26. • Autopsy specimen of a patient who died due to MI was
stained with triphenyltetrazolium chloride dye. Colour of
normal part of heart will be:
1. Blue
2. White
3. Red
4. Dark brown
27. • Earliest light microscopic change in MI
1. Waviness of fibres
2. Neutrophilic infiltration
3. Coagulation necrosis
4. Contraction band necrosis
28. • Earliest light microscopic change in MI
• Waviness of fibres
• Neutrophilic infiltration
• Coagulation necrosis
• Contraction band necrosis
29. • Type of necrosis seen in MI
1. Caseous
2. Coagulative
3. Liquefactive
4. Fibrinoid
30. • Type of necrosis seen in MI
1. Caseous
2. Coagulative
3. Liquefactive
4. Fibrinoid
31. • Most common site of peptic (gastric) ulcer
1. Upper third of lesser curvature
2. Greater curvature
3. Pyloric antrum
4. Lesser curvature
32. • Most common site of peptic (gastric) ulcer
1. Upper third of lesser curvature
2. Greater curvature
3. Pyloric antrum
4. Lesser curvature
33. • Terminal stage of pneumonia is
1. Congestion
2. Red hepatization
3. Grey hepatization
4. Resolution
34. • Terminal stage of pneumonia is
1. Congestion
2. Red hepatization
3. Grey hepatization
4. Resolution
35. • In stage of grey hepatization
1. WBC fill the alveoli
2. RBC fill the alveoli
3. Organisms fill the alveoli
4. Accumulation of fibrin
36. • In stage of grey hepatization
1. WBC fill the alveoli
2. RBC fill the alveoli
3. Organisms fill the alveoli
4. Accumulation of fibrin
37. • Most widely used stain for amyloidosis
1. Oil red O
2. Congo red
3. PAS
4. Thioflavin T
38. • Most widely used stain for amyloidosis
1. Oil red O
2. Congo red
3. PAS
4. Thioflavin T
