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Writing a Research Report
Kumar: Research Methodology
Chapter 17
Prepared by Stephanie Fleischer
authored by Stephanie Fleischer © SAGE publications Ltd
2014
Topics covered
• Writing a research report
• Developing an outline
• Writing about a variable
• Different referencing systems
• Writing a bibliography
authored by Stephanie Fleischer © SAGE publications Ltd
2014
Writing a research report
• Last step in the research process is writing a
report to communicate the findings of the
study
• The report is what will be read by others
• Clear and logical
• Accurate and concise
• Developing a thematic draft outline
authored by Stephanie Fleischer © SAGE publications Ltd
2014
Developing an outline
• Dividing the report in different chapters
• Planning what goes into each chapter
• Geared towards the study and its objectives
• Chapter titles to reflect its content
• Content and methodology of each project is
different
• How will findings be communicated?
authored by Stephanie Fleischer © SAGE publications Ltd
2014
Structure of report outline
• Introduction and rational for the study
• Literature review
• Objectives of the study
• Methodology
• Findings and discussion
• Problems and limitations
• Conclusions and possible explanations /
recommendations
authored by Stephanie Fleischer © SAGE publications Ltd
2014
Writing about a variable
• Why is it important to study the variable? (This is about
providing a rationale for studying the variable)
• In the case of a cross-tabulation, what relationships
have other studies found between the variables that
will be analyzed? (This is where the literature review is
integrated into the findings of the study)
• What is the expected outcome between the two
variables? (Stating hypotheses)
• What has the study found out? (Reporting results, e.g.
as tables, graphs or text.)
authored by Stephanie Fleischer © SAGE publications Ltd
2014
Writing about a variable continued
• What does the data show? (Interpreting the
findings of the analysis)
• What conclusions can be drawn? How do the
conclusions drawn from this study compare with
those from similar studies in the past? Does the
study support or contradict them? (Linking results
to existing literature)
• What explanation can be provided for the
findings of the study? (Linking results to existing
theories)
authored by Stephanie Fleischer © SAGE publications Ltd
2014
Different referencing systems
• Adopting a referencing style that is used in the
field or area of interest for the research report
• There are different academic styles of
referencing:
– The short-title system
– The author-date system (Harvard system)
– The reference by number system (Vancouver
system)
– The author-number system
authored by Stephanie Fleischer © SAGE publications Ltd
2014
Writing a bibliography
• Preferences according to disciplines or
university
• The most common ones are:
– Harvard system
– American psychological association system
– American Medical association system
– Mcgraw-Hill system
– Modern languages association system
– Footnote system
authored by Stephanie Fleisher © SAGE publications Ltd 2014
Summary
• The research report communicates the
findings of the research study
• Qualitative reports are written using a
descriptive and narrative style
• Quantitative reports are written in a
descriptive and analytical format
• Clearly and concisely written
authored by Stephanie Fleischer © SAGE publications Ltd
2014

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Chapter 17.ppt research methodologies and ethics

  • 1. Writing a Research Report Kumar: Research Methodology Chapter 17 Prepared by Stephanie Fleischer authored by Stephanie Fleischer © SAGE publications Ltd 2014
  • 2. Topics covered • Writing a research report • Developing an outline • Writing about a variable • Different referencing systems • Writing a bibliography authored by Stephanie Fleischer © SAGE publications Ltd 2014
  • 3. Writing a research report • Last step in the research process is writing a report to communicate the findings of the study • The report is what will be read by others • Clear and logical • Accurate and concise • Developing a thematic draft outline authored by Stephanie Fleischer © SAGE publications Ltd 2014
  • 4. Developing an outline • Dividing the report in different chapters • Planning what goes into each chapter • Geared towards the study and its objectives • Chapter titles to reflect its content • Content and methodology of each project is different • How will findings be communicated? authored by Stephanie Fleischer © SAGE publications Ltd 2014
  • 5. Structure of report outline • Introduction and rational for the study • Literature review • Objectives of the study • Methodology • Findings and discussion • Problems and limitations • Conclusions and possible explanations / recommendations authored by Stephanie Fleischer © SAGE publications Ltd 2014
  • 6. Writing about a variable • Why is it important to study the variable? (This is about providing a rationale for studying the variable) • In the case of a cross-tabulation, what relationships have other studies found between the variables that will be analyzed? (This is where the literature review is integrated into the findings of the study) • What is the expected outcome between the two variables? (Stating hypotheses) • What has the study found out? (Reporting results, e.g. as tables, graphs or text.) authored by Stephanie Fleischer © SAGE publications Ltd 2014
  • 7. Writing about a variable continued • What does the data show? (Interpreting the findings of the analysis) • What conclusions can be drawn? How do the conclusions drawn from this study compare with those from similar studies in the past? Does the study support or contradict them? (Linking results to existing literature) • What explanation can be provided for the findings of the study? (Linking results to existing theories) authored by Stephanie Fleischer © SAGE publications Ltd 2014
  • 8. Different referencing systems • Adopting a referencing style that is used in the field or area of interest for the research report • There are different academic styles of referencing: – The short-title system – The author-date system (Harvard system) – The reference by number system (Vancouver system) – The author-number system authored by Stephanie Fleischer © SAGE publications Ltd 2014
  • 9. Writing a bibliography • Preferences according to disciplines or university • The most common ones are: – Harvard system – American psychological association system – American Medical association system – Mcgraw-Hill system – Modern languages association system – Footnote system authored by Stephanie Fleisher © SAGE publications Ltd 2014
  • 10. Summary • The research report communicates the findings of the research study • Qualitative reports are written using a descriptive and narrative style • Quantitative reports are written in a descriptive and analytical format • Clearly and concisely written authored by Stephanie Fleischer © SAGE publications Ltd 2014