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Cambridge English Empower C1 - Unit 2 - Grammar.pptx
- 1. C1 Course Unit 2: Grammar Instructor: Faridoon T.S. Hussainzada
- 2. Contents • Comparison • Intentions and arrangements
- 4. Comparison Comparisons with than The following words/phrases talk about a big difference: A good/great deal, a lot, considerably, infinitely… // There is a great deal more sugar here than in your house.
- 5. Comparison Words/phrases for small difference: A bit, a little bit, barely, fractionally, marginally, slightly … // Taylor is fractionally taller than me.
- 6. Comparison Words/phrases for no difference: No, not any // She is no taller than what you expected.
- 7. Comparison Comparisons with as…as Words/phrases for a big difference: Not nearly, nothing like, nowhere near… // He was not nearly as handsome as his profile picture.
- 8. Comparison Words/phrases for small difference: Almost, nearly, not quite… // The King of England is almost as old as the US president.
- 9. Comparison Words/phrases for no difference: Equally, just… // He is just as good looking as his brother.
- 10. Comparison We can delete/remove the than or the 2nd as from the sentences if they’re obvious. // There are just as many people who love computer science (as there are people who want to study psychology).
- 11. Comparative patterns Double comparatives with adjectives and adverbs to say that sth or sb is changing. // The world is getting hotter and hotter. Or Babies tend to become more and more gorgeous as the time goes on. (NOT more goregous and more gorgeous.)
- 12. Comparative patterns We use the … the … with comparatives or more/less to say that things change because they depend on each other. // The more you stay quiet, the better it is going to be for your friends. The richer you get, the less time you’d have with your loved ones.
- 13. So/such We use these 2 structures to describe a very high level. So + adj./adv. + (that) + … // He is so tall that his friends stand on a ladder just to see him. Such + (a(n)) + (adj.) + noun (singular) + (that) … // If she is such a bad student, then why have you allowed her in your class?
- 14. Not enough/sufficiently/too We use too/(not) enough to compare things with a standard. // Qudos is not tall enough to become a model. (The standard is at least 6 ft.) Note: Sufficiently has the same meaning as enough but is more formal.
- 15. Superlative patterns We use superlatives to highlight something exceptional. To limit the range of superlatives, we use relative clauses or adverbs. // She is the most beautiful girl I have ever seen. We can also use adverbs to modify the strength of a superlative. // The USA is nearly the biggest country in the world.
- 16. Write a sentence for each of the pictures.
- 17. Homework Grammar Focus 2A: exercise b on page 140 (Student’s book)
- 19. Going to vs. present continuous We use both – going to and present continuous – for future actions and events that are already decided or arranged. We CANNOT use the present continuous for things that are impossible to arrange and control. // I’m watching THE NUN II with my friend in the cinema tomorrow night. OR I’m going to watch THE NUN II with my friend in the cinema tomorrow night.
- 20. Going to vs. present continuous We cannot use the present continuous for the following things: 1. Permanent states 2. Indefinite and long-term plans // James is going to be a movie actor. (NOT is being a movie actor.)
- 21. Going to vs. present continuous These continuous phrases can be used to talk about future plans: 1. Be + planning to + infinitive // Taylor is planning to write a song. 2. Be + aiming to + infinitive // Hector is aiming to become a doctor in the future. 3. Be + thinking of + gerund (v-ing) // She is thinking of telling him soon.
- 22. Future simple and continuous We use the future simple, will + infinitive, for spontaneous decisions (made at the time of speaking). // Don’t worry. I’ll come to your house, and we’ll do the homework together.
- 23. Future simple and continuous We can use the future continuous, will + be + verb + -ing, to talk about plans that are not specially arranged. We can also use could/may/might/going to + be + verb + -ing. // I’ll be seeing him at the class. I’ll then pay my respects.
- 24. Future simple and continuous We can also use the future continuous to say that an action will be in progress in the future. // Ed will be traveling to Europe.
- 25. Future simple and continuous Compare going to and present continuous with the future continuous: // Are you going to watch / Are you watching a movie this Friday? (A future plan) // Will you be watching a movie this Friday? (A normal habit; regular activity)
- 26. Present simple We use the present simple for scheduled activities and events: // The match starts at 10:00 AM.
- 27. Expressions with be We use be + to + infinitive in formal language for arrangements: // The Canadian prime minister is to visit the king of England.
- 28. Expressions with be We use be about to + infinitive to say that sth will happen very soon. // John Cena is about to reach London. Get the room ready for him.
- 29. Expressions with be We use be + not about to + infinitive to emphasize negative intentions. // I didn’t drink a drop of alcohol all my life. I am not about to start now.
- 30. Expressions with be We use be due to + infinitive to say that sth is expected/owed very soon (often at a certain time). // Putin is due to meet with the UN leaders as soon as he sets foot in Paris.
- 32. Homework Grammar focus 2B: exercises b and c on page 141 (student’s book)