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KIMI
Perberjet e karbonit
PUNOI: KRISEIDA VEIZI
DIOKSIDI I KARBONIT
Gjendet e ajer dhe Eshte product I tri reaksioneve:
1.Djegia e perberjeve te karbonit ne nje mjedis me ajer te bollshem
si psh metani qe digjet ne ajer me teprice sipas reaksionit:
CH4 + 2O2 ------> CO2 + 2H2O
2.Frymemarrja qelizore : procesi I shperberjes se glukozes ne prani
te oksigjenit:
C6H12O6 + 6O2 -------> 6CO2 + 6H2O
3.Bashkeveprimi I acideve te holluara me karbonatet si ne rastin e
acidit klorhidrik qe bashkevepron me mermer te grimcuar
CaCO3 + 2HCL ------> CaCl2 + CO2 + H2O
VETITE E DIOKSIDIT TE KARBONIT
 Gaz pa ere dhe pa ngjyre
 Eshte shume me I rende se ajri
 Nuk ndihmon ne djegie
 Tretet pak ne uje dhe formon
acidin karbonik H2CO3
MONOKSIDI I KARBONIT
Oksidi I karbonit (II) perftohet kur perberje te karbonit digjen ne sasi te
pamjaftueshme oksigjeni ( djegie jo e plote) . Shohim djegien e metanit kur digjet
ne sasi te pamjaftueshme oksigjen:
2CH4 + 3O2 -----> 2CO2 + 4H20
Ky gaz eshte helmues dhe vdekjeprures. Tek trupi I njeriut ai lidhet me
hemoglobinien ne gjaj duke formuar karboksihemoglobinen qe nuk lejon
transportimin e oksigjenit neper trupin e njeriut. Kjo con deri ne vdekjen e tij.
Eshte gaz pa ere dhe veshtire te dallohet. Kontrolli I ngrohesve te ujit neper
shtepite e banesave eshte shume I rendesishem per tu siguaruar qe ajri mos te
bllokohet nga bloza( karboni: demton shendetin). Cdo vit, qindar njerez vdesin
nga ox I karbonit qe formohet nga ngrohesit me defekt.
KARBONATET
Jane perberje te karbonit qe permbajne jonin
karbonat CO32-. Nje nder karbonatet me te
perdorura eshte CaCO3 qe gjendet ne natyre si
gur gelqeror, shkumes dhe mermer.
Vetite e Karbonateve
Pergjithesisht jane te patretshme ne uje
(precipitate) pervec rastet e karbonatit te natriumit,
kaliumit dhe amonit , qe jane te tretshme.
Veprojne me acidet duke formuar kripe, uje
dhe dioksid karboni. Si psh:
Na2CO3 + H2SO4  Na2SO4 + CO2 + H2O
Karbonatet e ngurta shperbehen gjate
nxehjes duke dhene dioksid karboni dhe
nje oksid. Si psh:
CaCO3 <==> CaO + CO2
01
02
03
METANI
Metani eshte nje lloj perberjeje tjeter shume e
rendesishme e karbonit, formula e se ciles
eshte CH4.
• Gjendet ne depozitimet e gazit ne fund te
oqeaneve dhe ne toke si gaz natyror qe e
perdorim si karburant.
• Formohet edhe kur bakteret shperbejne
materialin bimor ne mungese te oksigjenit
si psh ne orozore keneta dhe ne fushat e
grumbullimit te mbetjeve ku hidhen
plehrat.
• Tek disa kafshe, metani eshte mbetje e nga
tretja e ushqimit. Bakteret ne stomakun e
tyre ndihmojne ne shperberjen e yndyres
dhe te ushqimeve te tjera kun je nga
produktet eshte edhe metani.
PERBERJET ORGANIKE
Metani eshte nperberje organike ETANI ESHTE PERBERJE
ORGANIKE. TE GJITHJA PERBERJET ORGANIKE PERMBAJNE
KARBON, SHUMICA
FALEMINDERIT PER
VEMENDJEN!

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Bioethics Master's Degree chemistry.pptx

  • 2. DIOKSIDI I KARBONIT Gjendet e ajer dhe Eshte product I tri reaksioneve: 1.Djegia e perberjeve te karbonit ne nje mjedis me ajer te bollshem si psh metani qe digjet ne ajer me teprice sipas reaksionit: CH4 + 2O2 ------> CO2 + 2H2O 2.Frymemarrja qelizore : procesi I shperberjes se glukozes ne prani te oksigjenit: C6H12O6 + 6O2 -------> 6CO2 + 6H2O 3.Bashkeveprimi I acideve te holluara me karbonatet si ne rastin e acidit klorhidrik qe bashkevepron me mermer te grimcuar CaCO3 + 2HCL ------> CaCl2 + CO2 + H2O
  • 3. VETITE E DIOKSIDIT TE KARBONIT  Gaz pa ere dhe pa ngjyre  Eshte shume me I rende se ajri  Nuk ndihmon ne djegie  Tretet pak ne uje dhe formon acidin karbonik H2CO3
  • 4. MONOKSIDI I KARBONIT Oksidi I karbonit (II) perftohet kur perberje te karbonit digjen ne sasi te pamjaftueshme oksigjeni ( djegie jo e plote) . Shohim djegien e metanit kur digjet ne sasi te pamjaftueshme oksigjen: 2CH4 + 3O2 -----> 2CO2 + 4H20 Ky gaz eshte helmues dhe vdekjeprures. Tek trupi I njeriut ai lidhet me hemoglobinien ne gjaj duke formuar karboksihemoglobinen qe nuk lejon transportimin e oksigjenit neper trupin e njeriut. Kjo con deri ne vdekjen e tij. Eshte gaz pa ere dhe veshtire te dallohet. Kontrolli I ngrohesve te ujit neper shtepite e banesave eshte shume I rendesishem per tu siguaruar qe ajri mos te bllokohet nga bloza( karboni: demton shendetin). Cdo vit, qindar njerez vdesin nga ox I karbonit qe formohet nga ngrohesit me defekt.
  • 5.
  • 6. KARBONATET Jane perberje te karbonit qe permbajne jonin karbonat CO32-. Nje nder karbonatet me te perdorura eshte CaCO3 qe gjendet ne natyre si gur gelqeror, shkumes dhe mermer.
  • 7. Vetite e Karbonateve Pergjithesisht jane te patretshme ne uje (precipitate) pervec rastet e karbonatit te natriumit, kaliumit dhe amonit , qe jane te tretshme. Veprojne me acidet duke formuar kripe, uje dhe dioksid karboni. Si psh: Na2CO3 + H2SO4  Na2SO4 + CO2 + H2O Karbonatet e ngurta shperbehen gjate nxehjes duke dhene dioksid karboni dhe nje oksid. Si psh: CaCO3 <==> CaO + CO2 01 02 03
  • 8. METANI Metani eshte nje lloj perberjeje tjeter shume e rendesishme e karbonit, formula e se ciles eshte CH4. • Gjendet ne depozitimet e gazit ne fund te oqeaneve dhe ne toke si gaz natyror qe e perdorim si karburant. • Formohet edhe kur bakteret shperbejne materialin bimor ne mungese te oksigjenit si psh ne orozore keneta dhe ne fushat e grumbullimit te mbetjeve ku hidhen plehrat. • Tek disa kafshe, metani eshte mbetje e nga tretja e ushqimit. Bakteret ne stomakun e tyre ndihmojne ne shperberjen e yndyres dhe te ushqimeve te tjera kun je nga produktet eshte edhe metani.
  • 9. PERBERJET ORGANIKE Metani eshte nperberje organike ETANI ESHTE PERBERJE ORGANIKE. TE GJITHJA PERBERJET ORGANIKE PERMBAJNE KARBON, SHUMICA