The document summarizes a lab experiment using thin-layer chromatography to identify the components of an unknown analgesic drug tablet. The student grinded the tablet into a powder, dissolved it, and spotted it onto a TLC plate along with standards of aspirin, acetaminophen, caffeine, ibuprofen, and salicylamide. By calculating the retention factors and comparing them to the unknown spots, the student identified the unknown as containing aspirin and acetaminophen, matching the components of Excedrin. The purpose of identifying the unknown components was accomplished with minimal error.
Assignment on HPLC And TLC | PDF | Pharmacognosy & PhytochemistryMrHotmaster1
Â
What is the thin-layer chromatography?
Thin-layer chromatography is a simple and efficient method used to identify and quantify secondary metabolites in herbal drugs, its extracts and tinctures, as well as to identify the presence of a secondary metabolite of pharmacological interest in a pharmaceutical formulation.
Chromatography procedures
FORMULATION AND CHARACTERISATION OF TRANSDERMAL PATCHES OF PERINDOPRILSriramNagarajan19
Â
Transdermal drug delivery system (TDDS) has been an increased interest in the drug administration via the skin for both local therapeutic effects on diseased skin (topical delivery) as well as for systemic delivery of drugs. The skin as a site of drug delivery, has a number of significant advantages over many other routes of drug administration, including the ability to avoid problems of gastric irritation, pH and emptying rate effects, avoid hepatic first-pass metabolism thereby increasing the bioavailability of drug, reduce the risk of systemic side effects by minimizing plasma concentrations compared to oral therapy, provide a sustained release of drug at the site of application; rapid termination of therapy by removal of the device or formulation, the reduction of fluctuations in plasma levels of drugs, and avoid pain associated with injections. The transdermal delivery can also eliminate pulsed entry into the systemic circulation, which might often cause undesirable side effects. Main objective of formulating the transdermal system was to prolong the drug release time, reduce the frequency of administration and to improve patient compliance. In the present study, five formulations were prepared using single polymer in different ratios, along with plasticizers and penetration enhancer. Finally it was concluded that Some formulations show formation of brittle patch due to insufficient amount of polymer and in some patches texture of patch is not elegant due to plasticizer concentration for patch preparation. So by increasing concentration of polymer and plasticizer, finally formulation-5 was considered as optimized formula for preparing transdermal patch of Perindopril, where it shown best drug release profile.
DIPLOMA IN PHARMACY PHARMACOLOGY LAB MANUAL.pdfSumit Tiwari
Â
DIPLOMA IN PHARMACY PHARMACOLOGY LAB MANUAL.pdf
Introduction to experimental pharmacology and pharmacy. Sources of drugs
2. Study of action of drugs on the rabbit's eye
3. Study of effect of drugs on ciliary movement of frog's oesophagus
4. Study of effect of drugs on frog's rectus muscle preparation
5. Effect of cardiac stimulants and depressants on perfused frog's heart
6. Effect of drugs on dog's blood pressure and respiration - computer assisted learning (CAL)
method
7. Evaluation of analgesics by chemical method
8. Effect of saline purgative on frog intestine and the use of Oral Rehydration Solution.
9. Preparation of solution for test dose of penicillin
10. Study of action of antidepressants on mice
11. Study of anorectic and locomotor activity of amphetamin and fenfluramine.
Assignment on HPLC And TLC | PDF | Pharmacognosy & PhytochemistryMrHotmaster1
Â
What is the thin-layer chromatography?
Thin-layer chromatography is a simple and efficient method used to identify and quantify secondary metabolites in herbal drugs, its extracts and tinctures, as well as to identify the presence of a secondary metabolite of pharmacological interest in a pharmaceutical formulation.
Chromatography procedures
FORMULATION AND CHARACTERISATION OF TRANSDERMAL PATCHES OF PERINDOPRILSriramNagarajan19
Â
Transdermal drug delivery system (TDDS) has been an increased interest in the drug administration via the skin for both local therapeutic effects on diseased skin (topical delivery) as well as for systemic delivery of drugs. The skin as a site of drug delivery, has a number of significant advantages over many other routes of drug administration, including the ability to avoid problems of gastric irritation, pH and emptying rate effects, avoid hepatic first-pass metabolism thereby increasing the bioavailability of drug, reduce the risk of systemic side effects by minimizing plasma concentrations compared to oral therapy, provide a sustained release of drug at the site of application; rapid termination of therapy by removal of the device or formulation, the reduction of fluctuations in plasma levels of drugs, and avoid pain associated with injections. The transdermal delivery can also eliminate pulsed entry into the systemic circulation, which might often cause undesirable side effects. Main objective of formulating the transdermal system was to prolong the drug release time, reduce the frequency of administration and to improve patient compliance. In the present study, five formulations were prepared using single polymer in different ratios, along with plasticizers and penetration enhancer. Finally it was concluded that Some formulations show formation of brittle patch due to insufficient amount of polymer and in some patches texture of patch is not elegant due to plasticizer concentration for patch preparation. So by increasing concentration of polymer and plasticizer, finally formulation-5 was considered as optimized formula for preparing transdermal patch of Perindopril, where it shown best drug release profile.
DIPLOMA IN PHARMACY PHARMACOLOGY LAB MANUAL.pdfSumit Tiwari
Â
DIPLOMA IN PHARMACY PHARMACOLOGY LAB MANUAL.pdf
Introduction to experimental pharmacology and pharmacy. Sources of drugs
2. Study of action of drugs on the rabbit's eye
3. Study of effect of drugs on ciliary movement of frog's oesophagus
4. Study of effect of drugs on frog's rectus muscle preparation
5. Effect of cardiac stimulants and depressants on perfused frog's heart
6. Effect of drugs on dog's blood pressure and respiration - computer assisted learning (CAL)
method
7. Evaluation of analgesics by chemical method
8. Effect of saline purgative on frog intestine and the use of Oral Rehydration Solution.
9. Preparation of solution for test dose of penicillin
10. Study of action of antidepressants on mice
11. Study of anorectic and locomotor activity of amphetamin and fenfluramine.
Grant Moore
Section Head Toxicology
Canterbury Health Labs,
PO Box 151, Christchurch 8014
grant.moore@cdhb.govt.nz
(P27, Thursday 27, Ilott Theatre, 2.00)
Design and Development of Effervescent Floating Tablet Dapagliflozinijtsrd
Â
The objective of the present study was to formulate and evaluate Effervescent Floating Tablet of Dapagliflozin for the treatment of antidepressant agent. Tablets were prepared by direct compression using directly compressible polymers such as HPMC K4M, and Carbopol 934 were evaluated for drug excipient compatibility, density, buoyancy test, swelling study, drug content and In Vitro release profile. Sodium bicarbonate and citric acid were used producing effervescent base for buoyancy of tablets. Analysis of drug release from tablet indicates drug release by zero order, first order rate kinetics. No significant change was observed in physical appearance, drug content, floatability or in vitro dissolution pattern after storage at 450C 750C RH for three months. Samadhan Mali | Shweta Gedam | Swati Talele | Anil Jadhav "Design and Development of Effervescent Floating Tablet Dapagliflozin" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-5 , August 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd31674.pdf Paper Url :https://www.ijtsrd.com/pharmacy/pharmaceutics/31674/design-and-development-of-effervescent-floating-tablet-dapagliflozin/samadhan-mali
Isolation of Alkaloid from a Medical Plant (A Case Study of Morinda Lucida)iosrjce
Â
The isolation and detection of alkaloids content of Morinda lucida (Ezeogwu) from Rubiceace family,
a medicinal plant was carried out using solvent extraction process. The dried powdered leaves of the plant were
divided into batches. Different solvents were used on them. After 6 days of occasional shaking, it was filtered.
The filtrates were used for testing the presence of alkaloids in Morida Lucida. Mayerâs reagents Wagner and
Lugolâs reagents and 5m sodium hydroxide were used as detecting reagents. Mayerâs reagent yields cream
precipitate in both acidic and alkaline extracts. Wagner and Lugolâs reagents yield reddish brown precipitate in
both acidic and alkaline extracts. 5ml sodium hydroxide gave white swirling precipitate. Other coloured
precipitate like orange and pale orange was gotten as a result of difference in solvents used for isolation. The
presence of the above precipitate indicates the presence of alkaloids in Morinda Lucida.
Abstract
The synthetic cannabinoid, N-(1-adamantyl)-1-pentyl-1H-indazole-3-carboxamide, known also as AKB48 and/or APINACA, has been detected for the first time in herbal incense seized in Italy. Its structural characterization has been performed through gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and high-resolution nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis. In order to favor an easier and faster identification of AKB48 in future investigations, NMR assignments in deuterated methanol and chloroform is also reported.
Keywords: NMR; GC-MS; Designer drug; Synthetic cannabinoid; Herbal incense
Grant Moore
Section Head Toxicology
Canterbury Health Labs,
PO Box 151, Christchurch 8014
grant.moore@cdhb.govt.nz
(P27, Thursday 27, Ilott Theatre, 2.00)
Design and Development of Effervescent Floating Tablet Dapagliflozinijtsrd
Â
The objective of the present study was to formulate and evaluate Effervescent Floating Tablet of Dapagliflozin for the treatment of antidepressant agent. Tablets were prepared by direct compression using directly compressible polymers such as HPMC K4M, and Carbopol 934 were evaluated for drug excipient compatibility, density, buoyancy test, swelling study, drug content and In Vitro release profile. Sodium bicarbonate and citric acid were used producing effervescent base for buoyancy of tablets. Analysis of drug release from tablet indicates drug release by zero order, first order rate kinetics. No significant change was observed in physical appearance, drug content, floatability or in vitro dissolution pattern after storage at 450C 750C RH for three months. Samadhan Mali | Shweta Gedam | Swati Talele | Anil Jadhav "Design and Development of Effervescent Floating Tablet Dapagliflozin" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-5 , August 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd31674.pdf Paper Url :https://www.ijtsrd.com/pharmacy/pharmaceutics/31674/design-and-development-of-effervescent-floating-tablet-dapagliflozin/samadhan-mali
Isolation of Alkaloid from a Medical Plant (A Case Study of Morinda Lucida)iosrjce
Â
The isolation and detection of alkaloids content of Morinda lucida (Ezeogwu) from Rubiceace family,
a medicinal plant was carried out using solvent extraction process. The dried powdered leaves of the plant were
divided into batches. Different solvents were used on them. After 6 days of occasional shaking, it was filtered.
The filtrates were used for testing the presence of alkaloids in Morida Lucida. Mayerâs reagents Wagner and
Lugolâs reagents and 5m sodium hydroxide were used as detecting reagents. Mayerâs reagent yields cream
precipitate in both acidic and alkaline extracts. Wagner and Lugolâs reagents yield reddish brown precipitate in
both acidic and alkaline extracts. 5ml sodium hydroxide gave white swirling precipitate. Other coloured
precipitate like orange and pale orange was gotten as a result of difference in solvents used for isolation. The
presence of the above precipitate indicates the presence of alkaloids in Morinda Lucida.
Abstract
The synthetic cannabinoid, N-(1-adamantyl)-1-pentyl-1H-indazole-3-carboxamide, known also as AKB48 and/or APINACA, has been detected for the first time in herbal incense seized in Italy. Its structural characterization has been performed through gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and high-resolution nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis. In order to favor an easier and faster identification of AKB48 in future investigations, NMR assignments in deuterated methanol and chloroform is also reported.
Keywords: NMR; GC-MS; Designer drug; Synthetic cannabinoid; Herbal incense
Ăhnlich wie Analyzing Drug Components Using Thin-Layer Chromatography (15)
Thinking of getting a dog? Be aware that breeds like Pit Bulls, Rottweilers, and German Shepherds can be loyal and dangerous. Proper training and socialization are crucial to preventing aggressive behaviors. Ensure safety by understanding their needs and always supervising interactions. Stay safe, and enjoy your furry friends!
This presentation includes basic of PCOS their pathology and treatment and also Ayurveda correlation of PCOS and Ayurvedic line of treatment mentioned in classics.
it describes the bony anatomy including the femoral head , acetabulum, labrum . also discusses the capsule , ligaments . muscle that act on the hip joint and the range of motion are outlined. factors affecting hip joint stability and weight transmission through the joint are summarized.
Safalta Digital marketing institute in Noida, provide complete applications that encompass a huge range of virtual advertising and marketing additives, which includes search engine optimization, virtual communication advertising, pay-per-click on marketing, content material advertising, internet analytics, and greater. These university courses are designed for students who possess a comprehensive understanding of virtual marketing strategies and attributes.Safalta Digital Marketing Institute in Noida is a first choice for young individuals or students who are looking to start their careers in the field of digital advertising. The institute gives specialized courses designed and certification.
for beginners, providing thorough training in areas such as SEO, digital communication marketing, and PPC training in Noida. After finishing the program, students receive the certifications recognised by top different universitie, setting a strong foundation for a successful career in digital marketing.
Normal Labour/ Stages of Labour/ Mechanism of LabourWasim Ak
Â
Normal labor is also termed spontaneous labor, defined as the natural physiological process through which the fetus, placenta, and membranes are expelled from the uterus through the birth canal at term (37 to 42 weeks
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Â
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty,
International FDP on Fundamentals of Research in Social Sciences
at Integral University, Lucknow, 06.06.2024
By Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
Â
Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
Analyzing Drug Components Using Thin-Layer Chromatography
1. Tanner Nielsen
CHMY 321Â011
TA: Jeffrey Richards
11 September, 2015
Lab #1
Analyzing Drug Components Using ThinÂLayer Chromatography
Introduction:
The purpose of the experiment was to identify the components of an unknown analgesic
drug tablet and identify the tablet as one of six possible commercial drugs. The six commercial
drugs were Advil, Anacin, Aspirin, B.C. Tablets, Excedrin, and Tylenol. Each drug contained 1
or 3 of these substances: Aspirin, Acetaminophen, Ibuprofen, Salicylamide, and Caffeine.
ThinÂLayer Chromatographic Analysis was utilized in order to correctly identify the components
of the unknown analgesic drug. Knowing the components of the unknown allowed for the drug
to be identified as one of the six commercial drugs.
ThinÂLayer Chromatography (TLC) was the method used to identify the drug. TLC is a
chromatography technique used to separate solutions. TLC is done on a plate that is coated with
a layer of absorbent material, in this case a silicone based material. After the solutions have been
spotted onto the plate, a solvent is drawn up the plate due to capillary action. Capillary action has
to do with the intermolecular forces between the liquid and surrounding solid surface. Different
substances ascend the plate at different rates which results in separation. The TLC in the
experiment used ethyl acetate/acetic acid (200:1) as the developing solvent. There were 6
solutions used as the analytes in the TLC. The solutions included: Aspirin, Acetaminophen,
Ibuprofen, Salicylamide, Caffeine, and the unknown drug solution which was created using the
powder from the drug and 1:1 ethanol/dichloromethane. After the TLC had been completed, the
retention factors of each spot were calculated. The Retention Factor (Rf) is calculated by the
distance traveled by the sample divided by the distance traveled by the solvent. The retention
factors of the 5 components were then compared to the unknown drugâs retention factors.
2. Knowing the components of the unknown analgesic , the drug was identified as one of the 5
commercial drugs.
Procedure/Observations:
List of Lab Materials:
FlatÂBladed Spatula
Small Test Tube
Stirring Rod
FilterÂTip Pipet
Small Vial
SilicaÂGel TLC PLate
Micropipet
Pencil
Unique Tools:
ShortÂWavelength (254 nm) Ultraviolet Light (do not look directly under lightsource)
Developing Chamber (containing a paper wick)
Chamber Cover
SilicaÂGel TLC PLate
List of Chemicals:
Ethyl Acetate/Acetic Acid (200:1)
Quarter Tablet of Unknown Analgesic Drug
1:1 Ethanol/Dichloromethane
4. (the chemicals were worked with under the fume hood)
First, ethyl acetate/acetic acid (200:1) was added to a developing chamber, containing a
paper wick, to a depth of about 5 mm. The chamber was then covered with a lid and put under
the fume hood. Next, a quarter tablet of the unknown analgesic drug was grinded into a powder
by using a flatÂbladed spatula. The powder was grinded on a watchglass. The powder was then
carefully transferred to a small test tube. 2.5 mL of 1:1 ethanol/dichloromethane was then added
to the test tube containing the powder. The powder was dissolved as much as possible into the
solution by mixing the solid into the solvent using a stirring rod. Next, using a pipet that was
filled with cotton to act as a filter, the solution was transferred to a small vial. The solid was left
behind in the test tube. Next the 5 standard solutions of aspirin, ibuprofen, caffeine,salicylamide,
and acetaminophen were obtained. A starting line was created using a pencil. The 5 standard
solutions, along with the prepared unknown solution, were then spotted onto a silicon gel TLC
plate along the starting line. The spotting was done under the fume hood. The spots were labeled
as following right to left, acetaminophen, unknown F, salicylamide, caffeine, ibuprofen, and
aspirin. The aspirin spot was a little smaller compared to the others. A micropipet was used to do
the spotting. The micropipet was cleaned in between each spotting of a solution. The plate was
then placed into the developing chamber . Once the plate was developed, it was taken out of the
developing chamber and the solvent front was marked with a pencil. Once the TLC plate was
dry, the spots were observed under a shortÂwavelength (254 nm) ultraviolet light. The spots were
outlined with pencil and the centers where the intensity of the spot was the greatest was also
marked. The Rf values were then calculated using a ruler and a calculator. After the Rf values
were calculated, the active ingredients of the unknown were identified. They were identified by
comparing the Rf values for the known spots to the unknown spot. Using a table containing the
active ingredients of 6 commercial drugs, the unknown drug was identified by comparing its
components with those of the commercial drugs. The waste was then placed in the appropriate
waste bins.
5. Results:
Rf of Unknown F:
Spot 1: Rf= 1.2 cm/3.6cm = 0.33
Spot 2: Rf= 2.6 cm/3.6cm = 0.72
Rf of Acetaminophen:
Spot 1: Rf= 1.3 cm/3.6 cm = 0.36
Rf of Salicylamide:
Spot 1: Rf= 2.1 cm/3.6 cm = 0.58
Rf of Caffeine:
Spot 1: Rf= 0.3 cm/3.6 cm = 0.083
6. Rf of Ibuprofen:
Spot 1: Rf= 2.3 cm/3.6 cm = 0.64
Rf of Aspirin:
Spot 1: Rf= 2.5 cm/3.6 cm = 0.69
Discussion:
The retention factor can be used to identify components as each substance has its own
rate of travel due to the intermolecular forces between the solution and the surface of the TLC
plate. According to the results, the retention factor of aspirin was closest to spot 2 of the
unknown. Also, the retention factor of the acetaminophen was closest to spot 1 of the unknown.
Looking at the components of the 6 commercial drugs, the unknown was closest in identity to
Excedrin which contained aspirin and acetaminophen. The only error is that Excedrin also
contains a small amount of caffeine. There may have been caffeine in the unknown but the spot
was either not big enough or it was a personal mistake of not noticing it and marking it. However
Excedrin is the only commercial drug that contains both aspirin and acetaminophen. In
conclusion the unknown is most likely Excedrin.
Conclusion:
The purpose of this lab was to identify an unknown analgesic drug by using Thin Layer
Chromatography. The purpose was accomplished with minimal error. The unknownâs
7. components were identified by using TLC. Once the components were identified , the unknown's
components were concluded to best fit Excedrin. I was expecting the unknown to fit one of the 6
commercial drugs.
One way to create a more successful experiment is to make sure to clean the micropipet
fully before spotting each solution. This would be to avoid cross contamination, which would
make it harder to identify the spots. Also, it is important to make the spots spaced evenly and
sized equally to ensure maximum efficiency.