This document analyzes airline seat allocation between high and low fare passengers. It discusses:
1) A simple model that considers seat allocation without cancellations, finding the optimal number of low fare seats maximizes expected revenue.
2) A special case where there is unlimited low fare demand, the optimal number of low fare seats depends on the fare prices and cancellation costs.
3) A model that allows overbooking and cancellations, determining both the number of low fare seats and overbooking ratio for high fare passengers to optimize revenue.
Overbooking policy for airline is one of the main channels that enhance revenue and improve profit; it should be carefully implemented to avoid any negative effects of denied boarding impact especially on the brand name for the airline. It should be address the best strategy that minimize cost between no-show cost and denied boarding cost, by implement cost based overbooking model ( U curve technique )
Overbooking policy for airline is one of the main channels that enhance revenue and improve profit; it should be carefully implemented to avoid any negative effects of denied boarding impact especially on the brand name for the airline. It should be address the best strategy that minimize cost between no-show cost and denied boarding cost, by implement cost based overbooking model (U curve technique)
Solving practical economic load dispatch problem using crow search algorithm IJECEIAES
The document presents a crow search algorithm to solve the practical economic load dispatch problem considering valve-point loading effects and multiple fuel options. This problem is non-convex, non-smooth, and non-linear. The crow search algorithm is inspired by the intelligent social behavior of crows. It models the crows following each other to find food storage locations. The algorithm updates crow positions based on whether another crow detects it or not. Simulation results show the crow search algorithm finds high-quality solutions and performs effectively compared to other algorithms for solving the non-convex economic load dispatch problem.
TRIP TIME DIFFERENCE & SHARE OF THE PASSENGER DEMAND ON A CITY PAIRDanielSALLIER
In 2011 we presented a paper on "Daily Demand Distribution and Flight Programme Attractiveness for the Passengers on a City Pair". Despite a far better understanding on how demand and flight frequencies interact on a route, this approach had the major drawback of assuming an equal trip time delivered by all of the operators. This paper is aimed at overcoming this flaw and assessing how trip time differences affect the market share an airline can gain/lose on a route.
Trip time related passenger demand is a topic mostly addressed by value-of-time theories. It is addressed by statistical methods too such as the so-called LEK arithmetic model which provides the market share of a high speed train services competing against an air one. Nevertheless, they cannot provide efficient enough tools for assessing the actual weight of the sole trip time factor on the passenger choice as, for instance, the fares, the frequent flyer programmes, departure/arrival times, flight positioning on the GDS screens do play a significant role too. This is why we keep favouring a behavioural approach which would be derived from the frequency attractiveness method we have already developed.
We expect this approach to answer the following questions:
1/ what is the potential demand a non stop service can gain while passengers are offered multi-stops services only?
2/ how far a shorter transfer time affects the demand attractiveness of a hub?
4/ On long haul operations, does a slightly higher cruise speed provides a real demand advantage?
3/ what is the potential market share a high speed train service can gain over air services?
The document describes a methodology for optimally loading cargo onto an aircraft to maximize freight while balancing the load. An integer linear programming model is formulated to determine which containers are loaded into which compartments. The objective is to maximize total loaded mass while keeping the center of gravity within limits for stability and fuel efficiency. Volume capacity constraints for different container types are modeled to fit within the ILP formulation.
Single Resource Revenue Management with Independent Demands.docxbudabrooks46239
Single Resource Revenue Management with Independent Demands
c
Guillermo Gallego
Updated Spring 2013
Abstract
Providers of fixed perishable capacity, such as airline seats and hotel rooms use price discrimination
to improve revenues; in practice, this discrimination is typically achieved by imposing booking and usage
restrictions or including ancillary services such as mileage accrual and luggage handling, to sell the same
capacity to different customers at different prices. We will assume that the set of fare classes (a menu
of prices, restrictions and ancillary services) is given, and that the capacity provider’s goal is to allocate
capacity among the different fare classes to maximize expected revenues. The problem of designing and
pricing fare classes is treated in a separate chapter. We analyze the two fare class problem under the
assumption that the lower fare class books first. We use marginal analysis to informally derive
Littlewood’s
rule and then show that Littlewood’s rule is in fact optimal.
Spill rates, spill penalties and callable
products are discussed next. A dynamic programming formulation for the multiple fare class problem is
then introduced under the assumption that lower fare classes book first. Commonly used heuristics as well
as bounds on the value function are presented. Dynamic models that explicitly take time into account,
allow for more general fare arrival patterns and for randomness in the size of the requests. We compare
the performance of static and dynamic policies and find that dynamic policies have a real advantage when
the fare arrivals patterns are not low-to-high. We finalize the chapter with a model where fare classes are
not allowed to reopen after they are closed for the first time.
1
Introduction
This chapter considers the simplest and best known revenue management problem, the single resource,
inde-
pendent demand problem. We assume that the capacity provider is trying to maximize the expected
revenues
from a sunk investment in c units of capacity. We assume that capacity is sold through a reservation
system
and that capacity cannot be modified or replenished during the booking horizon. We also assume that
unsold
capacity has no salvage value. Later we will see that the zero salvage value assumption is made without
loss
of generality as any problem with positive salvage value can be transformed into a problem with zero
salvage
value. We assume that the set of fare classes (a menu of prices and restrictions) is given, and that the
demands
for the different fare classes are statistically independent. In particular, we assume that if a customer finds
his
preferred fare class closed, he will leave the system without purchasing. This assumption holds
approximately
if the difference in fares is large so that demands are decoupled or if customers can find alternative
sources
of capacity for their preferred fare class. In some cases, however, part of the demand may be recapt.
Allocate the right aircraft capacity, it is new approach , addressing, Rask and cask or catk, by using the concept of U curve technique, for two costs , i.e cost of offering seat and cost losing the opportunity, resulting in right capacity and optimum frequency
A Statistical Computer Experiments Approach To Airline Fleet AssignmentGina Rizzo
- The document describes a statistical computer experiments approach to solving the airline fleet assignment problem using a two-stage stochastic programming framework.
- In the first stage, crew-compatible aircraft are assigned to flights. In the second stage, individual aircraft are assigned within families based on demand scenarios.
- A Latin hypercube design is used to generate initial crew-compatible allocations for the first stage. For each allocation and demand scenario, a deterministic fleet assignment model is solved. The expected revenue is estimated as the average over scenarios.
Overbooking policy for airline is one of the main channels that enhance revenue and improve profit; it should be carefully implemented to avoid any negative effects of denied boarding impact especially on the brand name for the airline. It should be address the best strategy that minimize cost between no-show cost and denied boarding cost, by implement cost based overbooking model ( U curve technique )
Overbooking policy for airline is one of the main channels that enhance revenue and improve profit; it should be carefully implemented to avoid any negative effects of denied boarding impact especially on the brand name for the airline. It should be address the best strategy that minimize cost between no-show cost and denied boarding cost, by implement cost based overbooking model (U curve technique)
Solving practical economic load dispatch problem using crow search algorithm IJECEIAES
The document presents a crow search algorithm to solve the practical economic load dispatch problem considering valve-point loading effects and multiple fuel options. This problem is non-convex, non-smooth, and non-linear. The crow search algorithm is inspired by the intelligent social behavior of crows. It models the crows following each other to find food storage locations. The algorithm updates crow positions based on whether another crow detects it or not. Simulation results show the crow search algorithm finds high-quality solutions and performs effectively compared to other algorithms for solving the non-convex economic load dispatch problem.
TRIP TIME DIFFERENCE & SHARE OF THE PASSENGER DEMAND ON A CITY PAIRDanielSALLIER
In 2011 we presented a paper on "Daily Demand Distribution and Flight Programme Attractiveness for the Passengers on a City Pair". Despite a far better understanding on how demand and flight frequencies interact on a route, this approach had the major drawback of assuming an equal trip time delivered by all of the operators. This paper is aimed at overcoming this flaw and assessing how trip time differences affect the market share an airline can gain/lose on a route.
Trip time related passenger demand is a topic mostly addressed by value-of-time theories. It is addressed by statistical methods too such as the so-called LEK arithmetic model which provides the market share of a high speed train services competing against an air one. Nevertheless, they cannot provide efficient enough tools for assessing the actual weight of the sole trip time factor on the passenger choice as, for instance, the fares, the frequent flyer programmes, departure/arrival times, flight positioning on the GDS screens do play a significant role too. This is why we keep favouring a behavioural approach which would be derived from the frequency attractiveness method we have already developed.
We expect this approach to answer the following questions:
1/ what is the potential demand a non stop service can gain while passengers are offered multi-stops services only?
2/ how far a shorter transfer time affects the demand attractiveness of a hub?
4/ On long haul operations, does a slightly higher cruise speed provides a real demand advantage?
3/ what is the potential market share a high speed train service can gain over air services?
The document describes a methodology for optimally loading cargo onto an aircraft to maximize freight while balancing the load. An integer linear programming model is formulated to determine which containers are loaded into which compartments. The objective is to maximize total loaded mass while keeping the center of gravity within limits for stability and fuel efficiency. Volume capacity constraints for different container types are modeled to fit within the ILP formulation.
Single Resource Revenue Management with Independent Demands.docxbudabrooks46239
Single Resource Revenue Management with Independent Demands
c
Guillermo Gallego
Updated Spring 2013
Abstract
Providers of fixed perishable capacity, such as airline seats and hotel rooms use price discrimination
to improve revenues; in practice, this discrimination is typically achieved by imposing booking and usage
restrictions or including ancillary services such as mileage accrual and luggage handling, to sell the same
capacity to different customers at different prices. We will assume that the set of fare classes (a menu
of prices, restrictions and ancillary services) is given, and that the capacity provider’s goal is to allocate
capacity among the different fare classes to maximize expected revenues. The problem of designing and
pricing fare classes is treated in a separate chapter. We analyze the two fare class problem under the
assumption that the lower fare class books first. We use marginal analysis to informally derive
Littlewood’s
rule and then show that Littlewood’s rule is in fact optimal.
Spill rates, spill penalties and callable
products are discussed next. A dynamic programming formulation for the multiple fare class problem is
then introduced under the assumption that lower fare classes book first. Commonly used heuristics as well
as bounds on the value function are presented. Dynamic models that explicitly take time into account,
allow for more general fare arrival patterns and for randomness in the size of the requests. We compare
the performance of static and dynamic policies and find that dynamic policies have a real advantage when
the fare arrivals patterns are not low-to-high. We finalize the chapter with a model where fare classes are
not allowed to reopen after they are closed for the first time.
1
Introduction
This chapter considers the simplest and best known revenue management problem, the single resource,
inde-
pendent demand problem. We assume that the capacity provider is trying to maximize the expected
revenues
from a sunk investment in c units of capacity. We assume that capacity is sold through a reservation
system
and that capacity cannot be modified or replenished during the booking horizon. We also assume that
unsold
capacity has no salvage value. Later we will see that the zero salvage value assumption is made without
loss
of generality as any problem with positive salvage value can be transformed into a problem with zero
salvage
value. We assume that the set of fare classes (a menu of prices and restrictions) is given, and that the
demands
for the different fare classes are statistically independent. In particular, we assume that if a customer finds
his
preferred fare class closed, he will leave the system without purchasing. This assumption holds
approximately
if the difference in fares is large so that demands are decoupled or if customers can find alternative
sources
of capacity for their preferred fare class. In some cases, however, part of the demand may be recapt.
Allocate the right aircraft capacity, it is new approach , addressing, Rask and cask or catk, by using the concept of U curve technique, for two costs , i.e cost of offering seat and cost losing the opportunity, resulting in right capacity and optimum frequency
A Statistical Computer Experiments Approach To Airline Fleet AssignmentGina Rizzo
- The document describes a statistical computer experiments approach to solving the airline fleet assignment problem using a two-stage stochastic programming framework.
- In the first stage, crew-compatible aircraft are assigned to flights. In the second stage, individual aircraft are assigned within families based on demand scenarios.
- A Latin hypercube design is used to generate initial crew-compatible allocations for the first stage. For each allocation and demand scenario, a deterministic fleet assignment model is solved. The expected revenue is estimated as the average over scenarios.
2011 07 - atrs - frequency attractivenessDanielSALLIER
An airline number of daily flights on a route, peak hours at airports, waves at hub airports, maximum daily flights to be offered to the customers on a route, number of aircraft different types in a airline fleet, … this is a set of air transport issues which are strongly related to each others and which are the direct or indirect consequence of the daily distribution of (business) demand on city pairs and how an airline tries to capture most of it.
Statistical analysis and modelling cannot provide efficient enough tools for assessing the actual weight of the sole scheduling/frequency factor on the passenger choice as, for instance, the fares and the frequent flyer programmes do play a significant role. This is why we favour a behavioural modelling which would be based on the combined attractiveness of the local departure and arrival times of a flight together with the bell shaped curve of the flight attractiveness over the day since the further the actual departure time from the desired one the lower the number of people willing to take it.
We expect this approach to answer the following questions:
1/ what is the maximum number of daily flights beyond which it does not pay off adding a new one?
2/ when these flights should be operated over the day?
3/ how the flight programme of 2 and more contenders affects their related market shares?
4/ how this approach compares/complements with the S-curve theory of de Neufville?
Airline Fleet Assignment And Schedule PlanningAndrew Molina
The document discusses airline fleet assignment and schedule planning. It describes how optimizing fleet assignment and scheduling is important for airline efficiency and profitability. It then reviews several models for integrated fleet assignment and scheduling, including the basic fleet assignment model, and discusses techniques for solving these optimization problems.
Non-convex constrained economic power dispatch with prohibited operating zone...IJECEIAES
This paper is focused on the solution of the non-convex economic power dispatch problem with piecewise quadratic cost functions and practical operation constraints of generation units. The constraints of the economic dispatch problem are power balance constraint, generation limits constraint, prohibited operating zones and transmission power losses. To solve this problem, a meta-heuristic optimization algorithm named crow search algorithm is proposed. A constraint handling technique is also implemented to satisfy the constraints effectively. For the verification of the effectiveness and the superiority of the proposed algorithm, it is tested on 6-unit, 10-unit and 15-unit test systems. The simulation results and statistical analysis show the efficiency of the proposed algorithm. Also, the results confirm the superiority and the high-quality solutions of the proposed algorithm when compared to the other reported algorithms.
- The document examines a seat allocation game between two airlines that offer two fare classes (full and discount) on flights with dependent random demands.
- It analyzes the equilibrium booking strategies where both airlines protect the same number of seats for the full fare, and the total number of discount seats available is smaller than if the airlines colluded.
- A numerical example illustrates the equilibrium solutions and examines the impact of capacity shares and dependency between demands.
International Refereed Journal of Engineering and Science (IRJES)irjes
1. The document presents collision risk models for free flight based on course adjustment and velocity adjustment to resolve conflicts between aircraft.
2. The models establish probability distributions for aircraft distances based on their relative motion and incorporate factors like separation standards and positioning error.
3. Collision risk is calculated as the probability of overlapping protection zones for aircraft in both horizontal and vertical planes, and an example is analyzed to demonstrate the models.
International Refereed Journal of Engineering and Science (IRJES)irjes
International Refereed Journal of Engineering and Science (IRJES) is a leading international journal for publication of new ideas, the state of the art research results and fundamental advances in all aspects of Engineering and Science. IRJES is a open access, peer reviewed international journal with a primary objective to provide the academic community and industry for the submission of half of original research and applications
CFD-based numerical analysis of the aerodynamic effects of a Taper wing at di...IRJET Journal
This document discusses a numerical analysis of the aerodynamic effects of wings with different taper ratios using computational fluid dynamics (CFD). The study models wings with taper ratios ranging from 0.4 to 0.8 in increments of 0.2. The CFD simulations analyze how changes in taper ratio impact lift, drag, and lift to drag ratio of the wings. Mesh independence tests are conducted to determine the appropriate mesh density for accurate results. The simulations are run at a freestream velocity of 40 m/s, yielding a Reynolds number of approximately 327931. Key findings from changing the taper ratio are discussed and comparisons are made between the aerodynamic characteristics and lift distributions of the different wing configurations.
This document provides a practical guide for students to understand key performance indicators of airline economics. It sets up a hypothetical airline called "MyAir" with a simple hub-and-spoke network connecting 6 airports. Demand data and aircraft utilization are estimated to develop a one-year operational plan. A fleet of one aircraft, either an Airbus A330-200 or Boeing 777-200ER, is determined to meet the estimated annual demand of 196,700 passengers. The guide is intended for classroom discussion and demonstrates relationships between profit drivers like load factor, yield, and unit cost through a "what-if" analysis.
Dynamic aerodynamic structural coupling numerical simulation on the flexible ...ijmech
Most biological flyers undergo orderly deformation in flight, and the deformations of wings lead to complex fluid-structure interactions. In this paper, an aerodynamic-structural coupling method of flapping wing is developed based on ANSYS to simulate the flapping of flexible wing.
Firstly, a three-dimensional model of the cicada’s wing is established. Then, numerical simulation method of unsteady flow field and structure calculation method of nonlinear large deformation are studied basing on Fluent module and Transient Structural module in ANSYS,
the examples are used to prove the validity of the method. Finally, Fluent module and Transient Structural module are connected through the System Coupling module to make a two-way fluidstructure Coupling computational framework. Comparing with the rigid wing of a cicada, the
coupling results of the flexible wing shows that the flexible deformation can increase the aerodynamic performances of flapping flight.
Shared aircraft spares holdings or pooling: To increase air carrier operation...Mersie Amha Melke
This document discusses shared aircraft spare parts holdings or pooling to decrease operational costs for air carriers. It provides background on how maintenance costs, including availability of spare parts, represent a significant portion of airline operating expenses. The document then reviews different methods airlines use to maintain spare parts, including individual stocking, commercial pooling with third parties, and cooperative pooling between airlines. It analyzes how cooperative pooling may allow for shorter lead times and more effective inventory usage while avoiding large capital costs of individual stocking. The document concludes by discussing modeling of spare part availability and how cooperative pooling is shown to be an optimal choice according to previous research models.
This document discusses factors that influence a passenger's choice of which hub airport to transfer flights at in Europe. Through a literature review and interviews with aviation industry experts, it identifies key factors like ticket price, travel time, number of destinations and frequencies, minimum connecting times, and airport facilities. While hub airports increase connectivity, they also result in longer travel times for passengers. The preferred hub airport needs to offer short connecting times, many destinations at high frequencies, and competitive ticket prices across multiple airlines. However, a single preferred hub is unlikely due to variations in passenger preferences and itineraries.
The document discusses risk management in the airline industry using an economic model. It presents the following key points:
1. There is an optimal number of airline entries that balances the benefits of increased substitutable flight options with the costs of entry.
2. It is ambiguous whether the actual number of airline entries exceeds or falls below the optimal level, depending on factors like airfare prices, entry costs, probability of flight cancellations, number of flights, and passengers.
3. Higher airfares, flight cancellations, flights, and passengers make excess entry more likely, while higher entry and cancellation costs make insufficient entry more likely.
Analysis Of Owl-Like Airfoil Aerodynamics At Low Reynolds Number FlowKelly Lipiec
The document analyzes the aerodynamic characteristics of an owl-like airfoil at a low Reynolds number of 23,000 using computational fluid dynamics simulations. It finds that the owl-like airfoil achieves higher lift coefficients and lift-to-drag ratios than the Ishii airfoil, which was designed for high performance at low Reynolds numbers. The owl-like airfoil's round leading edge, flat upper surface, and deeply concaved lower surface contribute to lift enhancement through mechanisms like a suction peak and laminar separation bubble near the leading edge. However, the owl-like airfoil does not achieve its minimum drag coefficient at zero lift, unlike the Ishii airfoil. The document aims to provide insights that can
Strategic design of aircraft wings have evolved over time for maximum fuel efficiency. One of such ideas involves winglet which has been known
to reduce turbulence at the tip of the wings. This study intends to investigate the
differences in drag and lift forces generated at aeroplane wings with and without winglet at cruising speed using FEM. Simulations were performed in the
SST turbulence model of CFD and the results are compared to that of the experimental and theoretical models. The simulation showed that the lift increased
by 26.0% and the drag decreased by 74.6% for the winglet at cruising speed.
This document summarizes a game theoretic model of airport privatization and charges in a multi-airport system. It involves three stages: 1) Regional authorities decide airport ownership, 2) Airports set charges, 3) An airline sets ticket prices. The model finds:
1) Airline ticket prices satisfy a linear system determined by demand parameters.
2) Airport charges at Nash equilibrium also satisfy a linear system, with a unique solution.
3) The optimal ownership structure depends on relative demand parameters. With equal demand slopes, public ownership maximizes welfare if both external airports are also public and demand parameters are close.
This document proposes a bidding strategy to optimize the use of Amazon spot instances. It includes:
1. A price prediction model to determine the lowest bid price needed for a given availability level by analyzing historical price data.
2. A bidding engine that aims to either finish jobs as quickly as possible or minimize monetary cost, while meeting deadline and budget constraints.
3. Experimental results showing the bidding engine can provide useful suggestions by predicting prices accurately and finding good bid prices and time ranges to meet user requirements.
The document describes a system dynamics approach to modeling the airplane boarding process. Key points:
1. A system dynamics model was developed to better understand the boarding system's behavior and provide strategic help to airlines in simulating different boarding policies.
2. The model considers passengers as stocks that flow through the boarding process. Interactions and delays caused by passengers are modeled to capture feedback loops.
3. Simulations tested different boarding strategies like random boarding and back-to-front boarding to analyze their effects on reducing boarding time. The model provided insights into optimizing the boarding process.
Aircraft Takeoff Simulation with MATLABIOSR Journals
This document summarizes an aircraft takeoff simulation created using MATLAB. It describes setting up a virtual reality animation object to simulate an aircraft takeoff using data from a takeoff simulation. Key steps include initializing the animation object, loading simulation data, setting coordinate transforms, adding additional objects like a chase plane, and playing the animation from different viewpoints like riding on the plane. The simulation allows visualizing the aircraft takeoff and trajectory in 3D along with additional objects for context.
Mountain Range options are basket options that combine characteristics of range options and multi-asset basket options. They are structured on two or more underlying assets and allow hedgers to cover multiple positions with one derivative. Monte Carlo simulation is commonly used to price Mountain Range options since a closed-form solution is not possible due to the complexity of estimating correlations between many underlyings. Greeks such as Delta can also be estimated using finite difference approximations in the Monte Carlo framework.
Buy Essays Online From Successful Essay - EssayNicole Heredia
This document discusses how taking music lessons at a young age can physically change a child's brain for the better. It explains that musical training before age seven can help maintain a well-connected brain infrastructure into adulthood. Learning an instrument requires developing skills like discipline, practice, memory, and coordination - all of which shape the brain. Teachers frequently observe benefits like increased self-expression, confidence, and self-discipline in students who study music. The document advocates for parents enrolling their young children in music lessons, as it can have lasting positive impacts on brain development and life skills.
PPT - Top Essay Writing Company In Australia, UK UNicole Heredia
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2011 07 - atrs - frequency attractivenessDanielSALLIER
An airline number of daily flights on a route, peak hours at airports, waves at hub airports, maximum daily flights to be offered to the customers on a route, number of aircraft different types in a airline fleet, … this is a set of air transport issues which are strongly related to each others and which are the direct or indirect consequence of the daily distribution of (business) demand on city pairs and how an airline tries to capture most of it.
Statistical analysis and modelling cannot provide efficient enough tools for assessing the actual weight of the sole scheduling/frequency factor on the passenger choice as, for instance, the fares and the frequent flyer programmes do play a significant role. This is why we favour a behavioural modelling which would be based on the combined attractiveness of the local departure and arrival times of a flight together with the bell shaped curve of the flight attractiveness over the day since the further the actual departure time from the desired one the lower the number of people willing to take it.
We expect this approach to answer the following questions:
1/ what is the maximum number of daily flights beyond which it does not pay off adding a new one?
2/ when these flights should be operated over the day?
3/ how the flight programme of 2 and more contenders affects their related market shares?
4/ how this approach compares/complements with the S-curve theory of de Neufville?
Airline Fleet Assignment And Schedule PlanningAndrew Molina
The document discusses airline fleet assignment and schedule planning. It describes how optimizing fleet assignment and scheduling is important for airline efficiency and profitability. It then reviews several models for integrated fleet assignment and scheduling, including the basic fleet assignment model, and discusses techniques for solving these optimization problems.
Non-convex constrained economic power dispatch with prohibited operating zone...IJECEIAES
This paper is focused on the solution of the non-convex economic power dispatch problem with piecewise quadratic cost functions and practical operation constraints of generation units. The constraints of the economic dispatch problem are power balance constraint, generation limits constraint, prohibited operating zones and transmission power losses. To solve this problem, a meta-heuristic optimization algorithm named crow search algorithm is proposed. A constraint handling technique is also implemented to satisfy the constraints effectively. For the verification of the effectiveness and the superiority of the proposed algorithm, it is tested on 6-unit, 10-unit and 15-unit test systems. The simulation results and statistical analysis show the efficiency of the proposed algorithm. Also, the results confirm the superiority and the high-quality solutions of the proposed algorithm when compared to the other reported algorithms.
- The document examines a seat allocation game between two airlines that offer two fare classes (full and discount) on flights with dependent random demands.
- It analyzes the equilibrium booking strategies where both airlines protect the same number of seats for the full fare, and the total number of discount seats available is smaller than if the airlines colluded.
- A numerical example illustrates the equilibrium solutions and examines the impact of capacity shares and dependency between demands.
International Refereed Journal of Engineering and Science (IRJES)irjes
1. The document presents collision risk models for free flight based on course adjustment and velocity adjustment to resolve conflicts between aircraft.
2. The models establish probability distributions for aircraft distances based on their relative motion and incorporate factors like separation standards and positioning error.
3. Collision risk is calculated as the probability of overlapping protection zones for aircraft in both horizontal and vertical planes, and an example is analyzed to demonstrate the models.
International Refereed Journal of Engineering and Science (IRJES)irjes
International Refereed Journal of Engineering and Science (IRJES) is a leading international journal for publication of new ideas, the state of the art research results and fundamental advances in all aspects of Engineering and Science. IRJES is a open access, peer reviewed international journal with a primary objective to provide the academic community and industry for the submission of half of original research and applications
CFD-based numerical analysis of the aerodynamic effects of a Taper wing at di...IRJET Journal
This document discusses a numerical analysis of the aerodynamic effects of wings with different taper ratios using computational fluid dynamics (CFD). The study models wings with taper ratios ranging from 0.4 to 0.8 in increments of 0.2. The CFD simulations analyze how changes in taper ratio impact lift, drag, and lift to drag ratio of the wings. Mesh independence tests are conducted to determine the appropriate mesh density for accurate results. The simulations are run at a freestream velocity of 40 m/s, yielding a Reynolds number of approximately 327931. Key findings from changing the taper ratio are discussed and comparisons are made between the aerodynamic characteristics and lift distributions of the different wing configurations.
This document provides a practical guide for students to understand key performance indicators of airline economics. It sets up a hypothetical airline called "MyAir" with a simple hub-and-spoke network connecting 6 airports. Demand data and aircraft utilization are estimated to develop a one-year operational plan. A fleet of one aircraft, either an Airbus A330-200 or Boeing 777-200ER, is determined to meet the estimated annual demand of 196,700 passengers. The guide is intended for classroom discussion and demonstrates relationships between profit drivers like load factor, yield, and unit cost through a "what-if" analysis.
Dynamic aerodynamic structural coupling numerical simulation on the flexible ...ijmech
Most biological flyers undergo orderly deformation in flight, and the deformations of wings lead to complex fluid-structure interactions. In this paper, an aerodynamic-structural coupling method of flapping wing is developed based on ANSYS to simulate the flapping of flexible wing.
Firstly, a three-dimensional model of the cicada’s wing is established. Then, numerical simulation method of unsteady flow field and structure calculation method of nonlinear large deformation are studied basing on Fluent module and Transient Structural module in ANSYS,
the examples are used to prove the validity of the method. Finally, Fluent module and Transient Structural module are connected through the System Coupling module to make a two-way fluidstructure Coupling computational framework. Comparing with the rigid wing of a cicada, the
coupling results of the flexible wing shows that the flexible deformation can increase the aerodynamic performances of flapping flight.
Shared aircraft spares holdings or pooling: To increase air carrier operation...Mersie Amha Melke
This document discusses shared aircraft spare parts holdings or pooling to decrease operational costs for air carriers. It provides background on how maintenance costs, including availability of spare parts, represent a significant portion of airline operating expenses. The document then reviews different methods airlines use to maintain spare parts, including individual stocking, commercial pooling with third parties, and cooperative pooling between airlines. It analyzes how cooperative pooling may allow for shorter lead times and more effective inventory usage while avoiding large capital costs of individual stocking. The document concludes by discussing modeling of spare part availability and how cooperative pooling is shown to be an optimal choice according to previous research models.
This document discusses factors that influence a passenger's choice of which hub airport to transfer flights at in Europe. Through a literature review and interviews with aviation industry experts, it identifies key factors like ticket price, travel time, number of destinations and frequencies, minimum connecting times, and airport facilities. While hub airports increase connectivity, they also result in longer travel times for passengers. The preferred hub airport needs to offer short connecting times, many destinations at high frequencies, and competitive ticket prices across multiple airlines. However, a single preferred hub is unlikely due to variations in passenger preferences and itineraries.
The document discusses risk management in the airline industry using an economic model. It presents the following key points:
1. There is an optimal number of airline entries that balances the benefits of increased substitutable flight options with the costs of entry.
2. It is ambiguous whether the actual number of airline entries exceeds or falls below the optimal level, depending on factors like airfare prices, entry costs, probability of flight cancellations, number of flights, and passengers.
3. Higher airfares, flight cancellations, flights, and passengers make excess entry more likely, while higher entry and cancellation costs make insufficient entry more likely.
Analysis Of Owl-Like Airfoil Aerodynamics At Low Reynolds Number FlowKelly Lipiec
The document analyzes the aerodynamic characteristics of an owl-like airfoil at a low Reynolds number of 23,000 using computational fluid dynamics simulations. It finds that the owl-like airfoil achieves higher lift coefficients and lift-to-drag ratios than the Ishii airfoil, which was designed for high performance at low Reynolds numbers. The owl-like airfoil's round leading edge, flat upper surface, and deeply concaved lower surface contribute to lift enhancement through mechanisms like a suction peak and laminar separation bubble near the leading edge. However, the owl-like airfoil does not achieve its minimum drag coefficient at zero lift, unlike the Ishii airfoil. The document aims to provide insights that can
Strategic design of aircraft wings have evolved over time for maximum fuel efficiency. One of such ideas involves winglet which has been known
to reduce turbulence at the tip of the wings. This study intends to investigate the
differences in drag and lift forces generated at aeroplane wings with and without winglet at cruising speed using FEM. Simulations were performed in the
SST turbulence model of CFD and the results are compared to that of the experimental and theoretical models. The simulation showed that the lift increased
by 26.0% and the drag decreased by 74.6% for the winglet at cruising speed.
This document summarizes a game theoretic model of airport privatization and charges in a multi-airport system. It involves three stages: 1) Regional authorities decide airport ownership, 2) Airports set charges, 3) An airline sets ticket prices. The model finds:
1) Airline ticket prices satisfy a linear system determined by demand parameters.
2) Airport charges at Nash equilibrium also satisfy a linear system, with a unique solution.
3) The optimal ownership structure depends on relative demand parameters. With equal demand slopes, public ownership maximizes welfare if both external airports are also public and demand parameters are close.
This document proposes a bidding strategy to optimize the use of Amazon spot instances. It includes:
1. A price prediction model to determine the lowest bid price needed for a given availability level by analyzing historical price data.
2. A bidding engine that aims to either finish jobs as quickly as possible or minimize monetary cost, while meeting deadline and budget constraints.
3. Experimental results showing the bidding engine can provide useful suggestions by predicting prices accurately and finding good bid prices and time ranges to meet user requirements.
The document describes a system dynamics approach to modeling the airplane boarding process. Key points:
1. A system dynamics model was developed to better understand the boarding system's behavior and provide strategic help to airlines in simulating different boarding policies.
2. The model considers passengers as stocks that flow through the boarding process. Interactions and delays caused by passengers are modeled to capture feedback loops.
3. Simulations tested different boarding strategies like random boarding and back-to-front boarding to analyze their effects on reducing boarding time. The model provided insights into optimizing the boarding process.
Aircraft Takeoff Simulation with MATLABIOSR Journals
This document summarizes an aircraft takeoff simulation created using MATLAB. It describes setting up a virtual reality animation object to simulate an aircraft takeoff using data from a takeoff simulation. Key steps include initializing the animation object, loading simulation data, setting coordinate transforms, adding additional objects like a chase plane, and playing the animation from different viewpoints like riding on the plane. The simulation allows visualizing the aircraft takeoff and trajectory in 3D along with additional objects for context.
Mountain Range options are basket options that combine characteristics of range options and multi-asset basket options. They are structured on two or more underlying assets and allow hedgers to cover multiple positions with one derivative. Monte Carlo simulation is commonly used to price Mountain Range options since a closed-form solution is not possible due to the complexity of estimating correlations between many underlyings. Greeks such as Delta can also be estimated using finite difference approximations in the Monte Carlo framework.
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This document discusses how taking music lessons at a young age can physically change a child's brain for the better. It explains that musical training before age seven can help maintain a well-connected brain infrastructure into adulthood. Learning an instrument requires developing skills like discipline, practice, memory, and coordination - all of which shape the brain. Teachers frequently observe benefits like increased self-expression, confidence, and self-discipline in students who study music. The document advocates for parents enrolling their young children in music lessons, as it can have lasting positive impacts on brain development and life skills.
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This document discusses the process of sending British children to Canada for colonization purposes between the 1600s-1800s. It outlines how children were selected, prepared and consented to the voyage with promises of opportunities. However, many struggled upon arrival due to lack of skills, differences from Canadian children, and frequent relocations between homes. Oversight of their treatment was also lacking.
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The document discusses Hester Prynne from Nathaniel Hawthorne's The Scarlet Letter as an imperfect heroine, noting how the story follows Hester and her relationships with Reverend Dimmesdale and Roger Chillingworth after she commits adultery and bears a child out of wedlock. While Hester faces immense shame and ostracization from her community for her sins, the analysis will explore how she demonstrates strength, resilience and moral complexity as a deeply flawed yet sympathetic character at the center of the novel's themes of sin, guilt, and redemption.
The document discusses the history and development of film editing techniques. It notes that early films from 1895 had no editing. The first films to incorporate basic editing were done by Georges Méliès in the late 1890s, though his films were still single shots. Edwin S. Porter is credited with introducing continuity editing in 1903 with films like The Life of an American Fireman, using multiple shots over several minutes to advance the story. D.W. Griffith further advanced emotional storytelling techniques in films like The Birth of a Nation through the use of close-up shots.
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The passage discusses the mysterious poisoning of Skidmore Boddlebrooks' brother from eating a
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The passage discusses an overlooked area of poverty that the MDGs did not fully address - extreme rural poverty. While the MDGs helped reduce overall poverty rates, about 825 million people still live in extreme poverty, many in rural areas dependent on agriculture for food and income. The persistence of rural poverty indicates a need for goals that specifically target this population. Defining and addressing poverty may require a focus on improving conditions for rural poor communities.
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The passage discusses the plight of elephants and their mahouts in Hiang Rai, Thailand after a logging ban. With no work in logging, many mahouts took their elephants to Bangkok for tourist attractions, subjecting the elephants to crowded and polluted conditions. This highlighted the stereotype of elephants as entertainment, when in reality they suffered without their natural habitat and duties in logging. The needs and experiences of elephants were not considered in the aftermath of the logging ban and transition to tourism.
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This summary provides an overview of the steps to take in response to a security violation where sensitive information may have been accessed or stolen at an organization:
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A review of the growth of the Israel Genealogy Research Association Database Collection for the last 12 months. Our collection is now passed the 3 million mark and still growing. See which archives have contributed the most. See the different types of records we have, and which years have had records added. You can also see what we have for the future.
This presentation includes basic of PCOS their pathology and treatment and also Ayurveda correlation of PCOS and Ayurvedic line of treatment mentioned in classics.
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In this slide, we'll explore how to set up warehouses and locations in Odoo 17 Inventory. This will help us manage our stock effectively, track inventory levels, and streamline warehouse operations.
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering.pptxDenish Jangid
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering
Syllabus
Chapter-1
Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
Introduction: Scope and Specialization of Civil Engineering, Role of civil Engineer in Society, Impact of infrastructural development on economy of country.
Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
Linear Measurements: Instruments used. Linear Measurement by Tape, Ranging out Survey Lines and overcoming Obstructions; Measurements on sloping ground; Tape corrections, conventional symbols. Angular Measurements: Instruments used; Introduction to Compass Surveying, Bearings and Longitude & Latitude of a Line, Introduction to total station.
Levelling: Instrument used Object of levelling, Methods of levelling in brief, and Contour maps.
Chapter 4
Buildings: Selection of site for Buildings, Layout of Building Plan, Types of buildings, Plinth area, carpet area, floor space index, Introduction to building byelaws, concept of sun light & ventilation. Components of Buildings & their functions, Basic concept of R.C.C., Introduction to types of foundation
Chapter 5
Transportation: Introduction to Transportation Engineering; Traffic and Road Safety: Types and Characteristics of Various Modes of Transportation; Various Road Traffic Signs, Causes of Accidents and Road Safety Measures.
Chapter 6
Environmental Engineering: Environmental Pollution, Environmental Acts and Regulations, Functional Concepts of Ecology, Basics of Species, Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Hydrological Cycle; Chemical Cycles: Carbon, Nitrogen & Phosphorus; Energy Flow in Ecosystems.
Water Pollution: Water Quality standards, Introduction to Treatment & Disposal of Waste Water. Reuse and Saving of Water, Rain Water Harvesting. Solid Waste Management: Classification of Solid Waste, Collection, Transportation and Disposal of Solid. Recycling of Solid Waste: Energy Recovery, Sanitary Landfill, On-Site Sanitation. Air & Noise Pollution: Primary and Secondary air pollutants, Harmful effects of Air Pollution, Control of Air Pollution. . Noise Pollution Harmful Effects of noise pollution, control of noise pollution, Global warming & Climate Change, Ozone depletion, Greenhouse effect
Text Books:
1. Palancharmy, Basic Civil Engineering, McGraw Hill publishers.
2. Satheesh Gopi, Basic Civil Engineering, Pearson Publishers.
3. Ketki Rangwala Dalal, Essentials of Civil Engineering, Charotar Publishing House.
4. BCP, Surveying volume 1
Main Java[All of the Base Concepts}.docxadhitya5119
This is part 1 of my Java Learning Journey. This Contains Custom methods, classes, constructors, packages, multithreading , try- catch block, finally block and more.
ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...PECB
Denis is a dynamic and results-driven Chief Information Officer (CIO) with a distinguished career spanning information systems analysis and technical project management. With a proven track record of spearheading the design and delivery of cutting-edge Information Management solutions, he has consistently elevated business operations, streamlined reporting functions, and maximized process efficiency.
Certified as an ISO/IEC 27001: Information Security Management Systems (ISMS) Lead Implementer, Data Protection Officer, and Cyber Risks Analyst, Denis brings a heightened focus on data security, privacy, and cyber resilience to every endeavor.
His expertise extends across a diverse spectrum of reporting, database, and web development applications, underpinned by an exceptional grasp of data storage and virtualization technologies. His proficiency in application testing, database administration, and data cleansing ensures seamless execution of complex projects.
What sets Denis apart is his comprehensive understanding of Business and Systems Analysis technologies, honed through involvement in all phases of the Software Development Lifecycle (SDLC). From meticulous requirements gathering to precise analysis, innovative design, rigorous development, thorough testing, and successful implementation, he has consistently delivered exceptional results.
Throughout his career, he has taken on multifaceted roles, from leading technical project management teams to owning solutions that drive operational excellence. His conscientious and proactive approach is unwavering, whether he is working independently or collaboratively within a team. His ability to connect with colleagues on a personal level underscores his commitment to fostering a harmonious and productive workplace environment.
Date: May 29, 2024
Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
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