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Alexander Bufe
Helios Klinikum Krefeld - Heartcenter
Dep. of Cardiology and Intensive Care
The 3 „?“ of CTO-PCI
When? Why? Who?
3
X X X X
X X X X
A.Bufe - EuroCTO Club/AGIK 2022 Mainz
Grüntzig 1977
Erste PTCA
A.Bufe - EuroCTO Club/AGIK 2022 Mainz
Grüntzig 1985:
“If we cannot solve the total
closure problem, we probably will
never really address the question
of multivessel dilatation“
What is a CTO ?
A.Bufe - EuroCTO Club/AGIK 2022 Mainz
RCA-CTO
collaterals
 TIMI 0/I
 Occlusion duration > 3 months
Di Mario et al., EuroIntervention 2007;3:30-43 A.Bufe - EuroCTO Club/AGIK 2022 Mainz
When and Why
should we recanalize
a CTO ?
A.Bufe - EuroCTO Club/AGIK 2022 Mainz
1 vessel disease
multivessel disease
A.Bufe - EuroCTO Club/AGIK 2022 Mainz
1 vessel disease
multivessel disease
A.Bufe - EuroCTO Club/AGIK 2022 Mainz
CTO-Patients are
often severely
symptomatic
(exertional dyspnoe,
angina pectoris,
physical impairment)
A.Bufe - EuroCTO Club/AGIK 2022 Mainz
RCA-CTO
collaterals
 TIMI 0/I
 Occlusion duration > 3 months
PAo
POccl APVOccl
RColl
RP
PAo
POccl APVOccl
RColl
Pressure/
Doppler Wire
Pressure/
Doppler Wire
Before recanalization Reocclusion after PTCA
TCO Balloon
RA RA
RP
Werner et al., EHJ 2006;27:2406-12
A.Bufe - EuroCTO Club/AGIK 2022 Mainz
n = 1000
Success rate
86%
A.Bufe - EuroCTO Club/AGIK 2022 Mainz
Sapontis et al., JACC Cariovasc Intv 2017
A.Bufe - EuroCTO Club/AGIK 2022 Mainz
n = 396
A.Bufe - EuroCTO Club/AGIK 2022 Mainz
A.Bufe - EuroCTO Club/AGIK 2022 Mainz
ISCHEMIA Trial
A.Bufe - EuroCTO Club/AGIK 2022 Mainz
ESC Guidelines 2018
A.Bufe - EuroCTO Club/AGIK 2022 Mainz
1 vessel disease
Patient is severely
symptomatic, AP CCS III
Normal LV-function
Do we really need
ischaemia test?
A.Bufe - EuroCTO Club/AGIK 2022 Mainz
A.Bufe - EuroCTO Club/AGIK 2022 Mainz
n = 19088
Multicenter
registry
- propensity score
- mulivariable analysis
Azadani et al., JACC Cardiovac Img 2020
SPECT MPI
A.Bufe - EuroCTO Club/AGIK 2022 Mainz
Subendocardial
Scar inferior
+
ischemia
MRI for
viability
and ischemia
1 vessel disease
multivessel disease
A.Bufe - EuroCTO Club/AGIK 2022 Mainz
A.Bufe - EuroCTO Club/AGIK 2022 Mainz
 4 years MACCE-Rate was
sign. lower in CR-group
compared to ICR-group
CR = complete revascularization
ICR = incomplete revaskularization
Farooq et al., JACC 2013;61:282-94
PCI
CABG
Complete Revascularization
 Independant predictor for incomplete
revaskularisation was the existence of a CTO
51% recanalization success rate
A.Bufe - EuroCTO Club/AGIK 2022 Mainz
Garcia et al., J Am Coll Cardiol 2013;62:1421-31
35 Studies
PCI
IR
56%
CABG
IR
25%
A.Bufe - EuroCTO Club/AGIK 2022 Mainz
Farooq et al., Circulation 128;141-151 (2013)
SNTAX Trial
Residual SYNTAX-Score
A.Bufe - EuroCTO Club/AGIK 2022 Mainz
ACUITY Trial
Residueller SYNTAX-Score nach NSTEMI
(PCI, CABG, OMT)
Rosner et al., Circulation 125;2613-20 (2012)
n = 13819
A.Bufe - EuroCTO Club/AGIK 2022 Mainz
ACUITY Trial
Residual SYNTAX-Score post NSTEMI
(PCI, CABG, OMT)
Rosner et al., Circulation 125;2613-20 (2012)
A.Bufe - EuroCTO Club/AGIK 2022 Mainz
Xu et et al., Circulation Cardiovascular Interventions 2022
A.Bufe - EuroCTO Club/AGIK 2022 Mainz
Galassi, Mashajekhi et al., J Am Coll Cardiol Intv 2017
n = 839
PCI of CTO in patients with low EF
A.Bufe - EuroCTO Club/AGIK 2022 Mainz
n = 72
Galassi, Mashajekhi et al., J Am Coll Cardiol Intv 2017
PCI of CTO in patients with low EF
A.Bufe - EuroCTO Club/AGIK 2022 Mainz
Who
should recanalize
a CTO ?
A.Bufe - EuroCTO Club/AGIK 2022 Mainz
A.Bufe - EuroCTO Club/AGIK 2022 Mainz
 Prerequisite: Experienced operator (complex coronary interventions,
bifurcations, left main, AMI, rotablation, IVUS, mother and child, micros,
wires, complication management…)
 Attend CTO workshops, dedicated CTO sessions, live cases
 work with a proctor
 you need time and patience, good team and two cathlabs
 Do at least 50 cases a year
 Operators with more than 100 cases/year achieve highest success rates
 Refer to a specialized center if you cannot adress the problem
A.Bufe - EuroCTO Club/AGIK 2022 Mainz
Thank you
A.Bufe - EuroCTO Club/AGIK 2022 Mainz
A.Bufe - EuroCTO Club/AGIK 2022 Mainz
A.Bufe - EuroCTO Club/AGIK 2022 Mainz
A.Bufe - EuroCTO Club/AGIK 2022 Mainz
A.Bufe - EuroCTO Club/AGIK 2022 Mainz
 Eine CTO-Rekanalisation führt zu einer nachhaltigen Reduktion/Beseitigung
von Angina pectoris und Dyspnoe und verbessert die Belastbarkeit (besser
als OMT) und gelingt in spezialisierten Zentren zu 90%
 bei einer Mehr-GE muss interventionell meist eine komplette
Revaskularisation erreicht werden (residueller Syntax-Score < 9)
 bei einer Mehr-GE mit CTO sollte im Heart Team und Patienten besprochen
werden, ob PCI vs Bypass-OP vs Hybrid-Verfahren
Zusammenfassung
A.Bufe - EuroCTO Club/AGIK 2022 Mainz
A.Bufe - EuroCTO Club/AGIK 2022 Mainz
A.Bufe - EuroCTO Club/AGIK 2022 Mainz
A.Bufe - EuroCTO Club/AGIK 2022 Mainz
Patienten mit CTO bei 1-Gefäß KHK
Patienten mit CTO bei Mehr-Gefäß KHK
A.Bufe - EuroCTO Club/AGIK 2022 Mainz
Patienten mit CTO bei 1-Gefäß KHK
Patienten mit CTO bei Mehr-Gefäß KHK
A.Bufe - EuroCTO Club/AGIK 2022 Mainz
A.Bufe - EuroCTO Club/AGIK 2022 Mainz
57jähriger Patient
AP CCS III
EF 63%
Ischämienachweis VW
(Myokardszintigraphie 19%)
A.Bufe - EuroCTO Club/AGIK 2022 Mainz
A.Bufe - EuroCTO Club/AGIK 2022 Mainz
A.Bufe - EuroCTO Club/AGIK 2022 Mainz
A.Bufe - EuroCTO Club/AGIK 2022 Mainz
Gaia 3
Finecross MC
A.Bufe - EuroCTO Club/AGIK 2022 Mainz
A.Bufe - EuroCTO Club/AGIK 2022 Mainz
A.Bufe - EuroCTO Club/AGIK 2022 Mainz
63jähriger Patient
AP CCS II-III
EF 58%
Viabilität + Ischämie VW
A.Bufe - EuroCTO Club/AGIK 2022 Mainz
retrograde
Rekanalisationstechnik
A.Bufe - EuroCTO Club/AGIK 2022 Mainz
A.Bufe - EuroCTO Club/AGIK 2022 Mainz
A.Bufe - EuroCTO Club/AGIK 2022 Mainz
Patienten mit CTO bei 1-Gefäß KHK
Patienten mit CTO bei Mehr-Gefäß KHK
A.Bufe - EuroCTO Club/AGIK 2022 Mainz
A.Bufe - EuroCTO Club/AGIK 2022 Mainz
A.Bufe - EuroCTO Club/AGIK 2022 Mainz
Escaned et al., EHJ 2017
A.Bufe - EuroCTO Club/AGIK 2022 Mainz
A.Bufe - EuroCTO Club/AGIK 2022 Mainz
A.Bufe - EuroCTO Club/AGIK 2022 Mainz
LAD-Stenoses
RCA-CTO
RCA distal
NSTEMI anterior wall
Hypokinesia anterior and mild Hypokinesia inferior (EF 44%)
epicardial
collaterals
septal
collaterals
A.Bufe - EuroCTO Club/AGIK 2022 Mainz
A.Bufe - EuroCTO Club/AGIK 2022 Mainz
A.Bufe - EuroCTO Club/AGIK 2022 Mainz
LAD-Stenoses
Stents
A.Bufe - EuroCTO Club/AGIK 2022 Mainz
Subendocardial
Scar inferior
+
ischemia
MRI for
viability
and ischemia
A.Bufe - EuroCTO Club/AGIK 2022 Mainz
reverse CART
A.Bufe - EuroCTO Club/AGIK 2022 Mainz
Complete
Revascularization in viable myocardium
A.Bufe - EuroCTO Club/AGIK 2022 Mainz
A.Bufe - EuroCTO Club/AGIK 2022 Mainz
Post Bypass-OP
A.Bufe - EuroCTO Club/AGIK 2022 Mainz
A.Bufe - Helios Herzzentrum Krefeld
RCA-VB
Verschluss
RCX-VB
Verschluss
A.Bufe - EuroCTO Club/AGIK 2022 Mainz
A.Bufe - EuroCTO Club/AGIK 2022 Mainz
A.Bufe - EuroCTO Club/AGIK 2022 Mainz
A.Bufe - EuroCTO Club/AGIK 2022 Mainz
A.Bufe - EuroCTO Club/AGIK 2022 Mainz
• die 4 Jahres MACCE-Rate war
sign. geringer in der CR-Gruppe
als in der ICR-Gruppe
CR = komplette Revaskularisation
ICR = inkomplette Revaskularisation
Farooq et al., JACC 2013;61:282-94
CABG
A.Bufe - EuroCTO Club/AGIK 2022 Mainz
Zakkar et al.
A.Bufe - EuroCTO Club/AGIK 2022 Mainz
2022
A.Bufe - EuroCTO Club/AGIK 2022 Mainz
A.Bufe - EuroCTO Club/AGIK 2022 Mainz
Patienten mit CTO bei 1-Gefäß KHK
Patienten mit CTO bei Mehr-Gefäß KHK
A.Bufe - EuroCTO Club/AGIK 2022 Mainz
A.Bufe - EuroCTO Club/AGIK 2022 Mainz
A.Bufe - EuroCTO Club/AGIK 2022 Mainz
Werner et al., TCT 2019
A.Bufe - EuroCTO Club/AGIK 2022 Mainz
A.Bufe - EuroCTO Club/AGIK 2022 Mainz
A.Bufe - EuroCTO Club/AGIK 2022 Mainz
EURO-CTO Study
Success Failure
Decision as per usual
clinical care
Medical Rx CABG
Ongoing angina
despite OMT*
Clinically
indicated
interim PCI
Repeat Exercice Tolerance Test (ETT) for objective assessment of ischaemia @ 12m and 36months
Single-vessel disease CTO only
Multivessel CAD including CTO
Treat non-occlusive disease by
PCI before CTO with DES
Angina or
angina-
equivalent
symptoms
Randomisation 2:1
PCI with DES
+ OMT
n=800
2
OMT to include:
- Aspirin,
- Statin,
- ACE-inhibitor where tolerated
- + up to 2 anti-anginal agents at
max tolerated dose including rate-
limiting agent where appropriate.
Ischaemic symptoms should be
confirmed with non-invasive test.
OMT
n=400
1
A.Bufe - EuroCTO Club/AGIK 2022 Mainz
Efficacy: Quality of Life @ 12 and 36 months
Safety: Death, non-fatal myocardial infarction (ITT, PP) @ 36 months
A.Bufe - EuroCTO Club/AGIK 2022 Mainz
A.Bufe - EuroCTO Club/AGIK 2022 Mainz
Werner et al., TCT 2019
A.Bufe - EuroCTO Club/AGIK 2022 Mainz
CTO-Patienten haben eine
schlechtere Prognose
A.Bufe - EuroCTO Club/AGIK 2022 Mainz
Behnes et al., EuroIntervention 2019
Patients with VTs
n=1461
A.Bufe - EuroCTO Club/AGIK 2022 Mainz
all cause mortality
Behnes et al., EuroIntervention 2019
A.Bufe - EuroCTO Club/AGIK 2022 Mainz
CTO-Patienten sind oft
hoch symptomatisch
>> rekanalisieren
A.Bufe - EuroCTO Club/AGIK 2022 Mainz
CTO-Patienten haben eine
schlechtere Prognose
>> rekanalisieren
A.Bufe - EuroCTO Club/AGIK 2022 Mainz
Christakopoulos G., Brilakis, ES., Am J Cardiol 2015
Effect of successful vs. failed CTO recanalisation on
all-cause mortality during follow up
A.Bufe - EuroCTO Club/AGIK 2022 Mainz
A.Bufe - EuroCTO Club/AGIK 2022 Mainz
n = 1162
Cardiac death Suden Cardiac death/
Sus. VTs
Godino et al., BMJ 2019
• die 4 Jahres MACCE-Rate war
sign. geringer in der CR-Gruppe
als in der ICR-Gruppe
• der stärkste unabhängige
Prädiktor für eine inkomplette
Revaskularisation war das
Vorhandensein einer CTO,
51% Reka-Erfolgsrate
CR = komplette Revaskularisation
ICR = inkomplette Revaskularisation
Farooq et al., JACC 2013;61:282-94
A.Bufe - EuroCTO Club/AGIK 2022 Mainz
Garcia et al., J Am Coll Cardiol 2013;62:1421-31
A.Bufe - EuroCTO Club/AGIK 2022 Mainz
A.Bufe - EuroCTO Club/AGIK 2022 Mainz
A.Bufe - EuroCTO Club/AGIK 2022 Mainz
A.Bufe - EuroCTO Club/AGIK 2022 Mainz
 ..führt zu einer nachhaltigen Reduktion/Beseitigung von Angina pectoris und
Dyspnoe und verbessert die Belastbarkeit (besser als OMT)
 ..erreicht eine komplette Revaskularisation bei Mehr-GE und führt zu
einem besseren Outcome als eine inkomplette Behandlung
 ..vermeidet oft eine Bypass-Operation oder Re-Operation
 Unter Anwendung moderner ante- und retrograder Techniken können
Erfolgsraten von 90% erreicht werden bei geringer Komplikationsrate
Eine erfolgreiche CTO-Rekanalisation
bei Beschwerden und Viabilität…
A.Bufe - EuroCTO Club/AGIK 2022 Mainz
Titelmasterformat durch
Klicken bearbeiten
EURO CTO CLUB
Berlin 2020
›› 12th Experts "Live"
CTO Workshop 2020
September 11th – 12th, 2020
Berlin, Germany
www.eurocto.eu
SAVE THE DATE
Vielen Dank!
A.Bufe - EuroCTO Club/AGIK 2022 Mainz
A.Bufe - EuroCTO Club/AGIK 2022 Mainz
• die 4 Jahres MACCE-Rate war
sign. geringer in der CR-Gruppe
als in der ICR-Gruppe
CR = komplette Revaskularisation
ICR = inkomplette Revaskularisation
Farooq et al., JACC 2013;61:282-94
A.Bufe - EuroCTO Club/AGIK 2022 Mainz
A.Bufe - EuroCTO Club/AGIK 2022 Mainz
A.Bufe - EuroCTO Club/AGIK 2022 Mainz
A.Bufe - EuroCTO Club/AGIK 2022 Mainz
A.Bufe - EuroCTO Club/AGIK 2022 Mainz
A.Bufe - EuroCTO Club/AGIK 2022 Mainz
A.Bufe - EuroCTO Club/AGIK 2022 Mainz
A.Bufe - EuroCTO Club/AGIK 2022 Mainz
A.Bufe - EuroCTO Club/AGIK 2022 Mainz
CTO-Patients often have
a poor
prognosis
A.Bufe - EuroCTO Club/AGIK 2022 Mainz
A.Bufe - EuroCTO Club/AGIK 2022 Mainz
Do we really need
ischaemia test?
A.Bufe - EuroCTO Club/AGIK 2022 Mainz
EURO-CTO Study
Success Failure
Decision as per usual
clinical care
Medical Rx CABG
Ongoing angina
despite OMT*
Clinically
indicated
interim PCI
Repeat Exercice Tolerance Test (ETT) for objective assessment of ischaemia @ 12m and 36months
Single-vessel disease CTO only
Multivessel CAD including CTO
Treat non-occlusive disease by
PCI before CTO with DES
Angina or
angina-
equivalent
symptoms
Randomisation 2:1
PCI with DES
+ OMT
n=800
2
OMT to include:
- Aspirin,
- Statin,
- ACE-inhibitor where tolerated
- + up to 2 anti-anginal agents at
max tolerated dose including rate-
limiting agent where appropriate.
Ischaemic symptoms should be
confirmed with non-invasive test.
OMT
n=400
1
A.Bufe - EuroCTO Club/AGIK 2022 Mainz
Efficacy: Quality of Life @ 12 and 36 months
Safety: Death, non-fatal myocardial infarction (ITT, PP) @ 36 months
A.Bufe - EuroCTO Club/AGIK 2022 Mainz
Werner et al., EHJ 2018
A.Bufe - EuroCTO Club/AGIK 2022 Mainz
A.Bufe - EuroCTO Club/AGIK 2022 Mainz
Bangalore et al., Circulation 2020; 142:841-857
Werner et al., TCT 2019
A.Bufe - EuroCTO Club/AGIK 2022 Mainz
Werner et al., TCT 2019
A.Bufe - EuroCTO Club/AGIK 2022 Mainz
A.Bufe - EuroCTO Club/AGIK 2022 Mainz
Lee et al, Decision CTO Study, Circulation 2019;139:1674-1683
A.Bufe - EuroCTO Club/AGIK 2022 Mainz
A.Bufe - EuroCTO Club/AGIK 2022 Mainz
n = 19088
Multicenter registry
- propensity score
- mulivariable analysis
Azadani et al., JACC Cardiovac Img 2020
SPECT MPI
A.Bufe - EuroCTO Club/AGIK 2022 Mainz
CTO LCX
1 vessel disease
No
symtoms
A.Bufe - EuroCTO Club/AGIK 2022 Mainz
Rest
30yg
20yg
40yg
Dobutamin Stress-MRI
A.Bufe - EuroCTO Club/AGIK 2022 Mainz
6.389 patients
Revascularization was associated
with a protective effect only in the
subset of extensive CMR-related
ischaemia
Extensive ischaemic burden was
related to a higher risc of long term
mortality
516/516
matched
patients
A.Bufe - EuroCTO Club/AGIK 2022 Mainz
LAD-Stenoses
RCA-CTO
RCA distal
NSTEMI anterior wall
Hypokinesia anterior and severe Hypokinesia inferior (EF 38%)
Claessen et al., EHJ 2012;33:768-775
A.Bufe - EuroCTO Club/AGIK 2022 Mainz
A.Bufe - EuroCTO Club/AGIK 2022 Mainz
epicardial
collaterals
Stents
septal
collaterals
A.Bufe - EuroCTO Club/AGIK 2022 Mainz
reverse CART
Subendocardial
Scar inferior
MRI for
viability
A.Bufe - EuroCTO Club/AGIK 2022 Mainz
Complete
Revascularization
in
viable myocardium
A.Bufe - EuroCTO Club/AGIK 2022 Mainz
Metha et al., NEJM 2019; 381:1411-1421
A.Bufe - EuroCTO Club/AGIK 2022 Mainz
A.Bufe - EuroCTO Club/AGIK 2022 Mainz
Conclusion
Galassi et al., EuroCTO Club consensus document, Eurointervention 2019
A.Bufe - EuroCTO Club/AGIK 2022 Mainz
Thank you
A.Bufe - EuroCTO Club/AGIK 2022 Mainz
A.Bufe - EuroCTO Club/AGIK 2022 Mainz
A.Bufe - EuroCTO Club/AGIK 2022 Mainz
A.Bufe - EuroCTO Club/AGIK 2022 Mainz
Garcia et al., J Am Coll Cardiol 2013;62:1421-31
A.Bufe - EuroCTO Club/AGIK 2022 Mainz
A.Bufe - EuroCTO Club/AGIK 2022 Mainz
A.Bufe - EuroCTO Club/AGIK 2022 Mainz
A.Bufe - EuroCTO Club/AGIK 2022 Mainz
CTO-Patienten sind oft
hoch symptomatisch
>> rekanalisieren
A.Bufe - EuroCTO Club/AGIK 2022 Mainz
CTO-Patienten haben eine
schlechtere Prognose
>> rekanalisieren
A.Bufe - EuroCTO Club/AGIK 2022 Mainz
Christakopoulos G., Brilakis, ES., Am J Cardiol 2015
Effect of successful vs. failed CTO recanalisation on
all-cause mortality during follow up
A.Bufe - EuroCTO Club/AGIK 2022 Mainz
A.Bufe - EuroCTO Club/AGIK 2022 Mainz
n = 1162
Cardiac death Suden Cardiac death/
Sus. VTs
Godino et al., BMJ 2019
• die 4 Jahres MACCE-Rate war
sign. geringer in der CR-Gruppe
als in der ICR-Gruppe
• der stärkste unabhängige
Prädiktor für eine inkomplette
Revaskularisation war das
Vorhandensein einer CTO,
51% Reka-Erfolgsrate
CR = komplette Revaskularisation
ICR = inkomplette Revaskularisation
Farooq et al., JACC 2013;61:282-94
A.Bufe - EuroCTO Club/AGIK 2022 Mainz
Titelmasterformat durch
Klicken bearbeiten
›› 12th Experts "Live"
CTO Workshop 2020
September 11th – 12th, 2020
Berlin, Germany
www.eurocto.eu
SAVE THE DATE
Vielen Dank!
A.Bufe - EuroCTO Club/AGIK 2022 Mainz
A.Bufe - EuroCTO Club/AGIK 2022 Mainz
• die 4 Jahres MACCE-Rate war
sign. geringer in der CR-Gruppe
als in der ICR-Gruppe
CR = komplette Revaskularisation
ICR = inkomplette Revaskularisation
Farooq et al., JACC 2013;61:282-94
A.Bufe - EuroCTO Club/AGIK 2022 Mainz
A.Bufe - EuroCTO Club/AGIK 2022 Mainz
A.Bufe - EuroCTO Club/AGIK 2022 Mainz
A.Bufe - EuroCTO Club/AGIK 2022 Mainz
A.Bufe - EuroCTO Club/AGIK 2022 Mainz
 ..führt zu einer nachhaltigen Reduktion/Beseitigung von Angina pectoris und
Dyspnoe und verbessert die Belastbarkeit (besser als OMT)
 ..erreicht eine komplette Revaskularisation bei Mehr-GE und führt zu
einem besseren Outcome als eine inkomplette Behandlung
 ..vermeidet oft eine Bypass-Operation oder Re-Operation
 Unter Anwendung moderner ante- und retrograder Techniken können
Erfolgsraten von 90% erreicht werden bei geringer Komplikationsrate
Eine erfolgreiche CTO-Rekanalisation
bei Beschwerden und Viabilität…
A.Bufe - EuroCTO Club/AGIK 2022 Mainz
A.Bufe - EuroCTO Club/AGIK 2022 Mainz
Bangalore et al., Circulation 2020; 142:841-857
n = 14877
death
A.Bufe - EuroCTO Club/AGIK 2022 Mainz
A.Bufe - EuroCTO Club/AGIK 2022 Mainz
A.Bufe - EuroCTO Club/AGIK 2022 Mainz
Galassi, Mashajekhi et al., J Am Coll Cardiol Intv 2017
A.Bufe - EuroCTO Club/AGIK 2022 Mainz
Behnes et al., EuroIntervention 2019
Patients with VTs
n=1461
A.Bufe - EuroCTO Club/AGIK 2022 Mainz
all cause mortality
Behnes et al., EuroIntervention 2019
A.Bufe - EuroCTO Club/AGIK 2022 Mainz
A.Bufe - EuroCTO Club/AGIK 2022 Mainz
Werner et al., EHJ 2018
A.Bufe - EuroCTO Club/AGIK 2022 Mainz
Werner et al., EHJ 2018

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Alexaner Bufe: The 3 “?” of CTO-PCI - When? Why? Who?

  • 1. Alexander Bufe Helios Klinikum Krefeld - Heartcenter Dep. of Cardiology and Intensive Care The 3 „?“ of CTO-PCI When? Why? Who?
  • 2. 3 X X X X X X X X
  • 3. A.Bufe - EuroCTO Club/AGIK 2022 Mainz Grüntzig 1977 Erste PTCA
  • 4. A.Bufe - EuroCTO Club/AGIK 2022 Mainz Grüntzig 1985: “If we cannot solve the total closure problem, we probably will never really address the question of multivessel dilatation“
  • 5. What is a CTO ? A.Bufe - EuroCTO Club/AGIK 2022 Mainz
  • 6. RCA-CTO collaterals  TIMI 0/I  Occlusion duration > 3 months Di Mario et al., EuroIntervention 2007;3:30-43 A.Bufe - EuroCTO Club/AGIK 2022 Mainz
  • 7. When and Why should we recanalize a CTO ? A.Bufe - EuroCTO Club/AGIK 2022 Mainz
  • 8. 1 vessel disease multivessel disease A.Bufe - EuroCTO Club/AGIK 2022 Mainz
  • 9. 1 vessel disease multivessel disease A.Bufe - EuroCTO Club/AGIK 2022 Mainz
  • 10. CTO-Patients are often severely symptomatic (exertional dyspnoe, angina pectoris, physical impairment) A.Bufe - EuroCTO Club/AGIK 2022 Mainz
  • 11. RCA-CTO collaterals  TIMI 0/I  Occlusion duration > 3 months PAo POccl APVOccl RColl RP PAo POccl APVOccl RColl Pressure/ Doppler Wire Pressure/ Doppler Wire Before recanalization Reocclusion after PTCA TCO Balloon RA RA RP Werner et al., EHJ 2006;27:2406-12 A.Bufe - EuroCTO Club/AGIK 2022 Mainz
  • 12. n = 1000 Success rate 86% A.Bufe - EuroCTO Club/AGIK 2022 Mainz Sapontis et al., JACC Cariovasc Intv 2017
  • 13. A.Bufe - EuroCTO Club/AGIK 2022 Mainz n = 396
  • 14. A.Bufe - EuroCTO Club/AGIK 2022 Mainz
  • 15. A.Bufe - EuroCTO Club/AGIK 2022 Mainz ISCHEMIA Trial
  • 16. A.Bufe - EuroCTO Club/AGIK 2022 Mainz ESC Guidelines 2018
  • 17. A.Bufe - EuroCTO Club/AGIK 2022 Mainz 1 vessel disease Patient is severely symptomatic, AP CCS III Normal LV-function Do we really need ischaemia test?
  • 18. A.Bufe - EuroCTO Club/AGIK 2022 Mainz
  • 19. A.Bufe - EuroCTO Club/AGIK 2022 Mainz n = 19088 Multicenter registry - propensity score - mulivariable analysis Azadani et al., JACC Cardiovac Img 2020 SPECT MPI
  • 20. A.Bufe - EuroCTO Club/AGIK 2022 Mainz Subendocardial Scar inferior + ischemia MRI for viability and ischemia
  • 21. 1 vessel disease multivessel disease A.Bufe - EuroCTO Club/AGIK 2022 Mainz
  • 22. A.Bufe - EuroCTO Club/AGIK 2022 Mainz  4 years MACCE-Rate was sign. lower in CR-group compared to ICR-group CR = complete revascularization ICR = incomplete revaskularization Farooq et al., JACC 2013;61:282-94 PCI CABG Complete Revascularization  Independant predictor for incomplete revaskularisation was the existence of a CTO 51% recanalization success rate
  • 23. A.Bufe - EuroCTO Club/AGIK 2022 Mainz Garcia et al., J Am Coll Cardiol 2013;62:1421-31 35 Studies PCI IR 56% CABG IR 25%
  • 24. A.Bufe - EuroCTO Club/AGIK 2022 Mainz Farooq et al., Circulation 128;141-151 (2013) SNTAX Trial Residual SYNTAX-Score
  • 25. A.Bufe - EuroCTO Club/AGIK 2022 Mainz ACUITY Trial Residueller SYNTAX-Score nach NSTEMI (PCI, CABG, OMT) Rosner et al., Circulation 125;2613-20 (2012) n = 13819
  • 26. A.Bufe - EuroCTO Club/AGIK 2022 Mainz ACUITY Trial Residual SYNTAX-Score post NSTEMI (PCI, CABG, OMT) Rosner et al., Circulation 125;2613-20 (2012)
  • 27. A.Bufe - EuroCTO Club/AGIK 2022 Mainz Xu et et al., Circulation Cardiovascular Interventions 2022
  • 28. A.Bufe - EuroCTO Club/AGIK 2022 Mainz Galassi, Mashajekhi et al., J Am Coll Cardiol Intv 2017 n = 839 PCI of CTO in patients with low EF
  • 29. A.Bufe - EuroCTO Club/AGIK 2022 Mainz n = 72 Galassi, Mashajekhi et al., J Am Coll Cardiol Intv 2017 PCI of CTO in patients with low EF
  • 30. A.Bufe - EuroCTO Club/AGIK 2022 Mainz
  • 32. A.Bufe - EuroCTO Club/AGIK 2022 Mainz
  • 33. A.Bufe - EuroCTO Club/AGIK 2022 Mainz  Prerequisite: Experienced operator (complex coronary interventions, bifurcations, left main, AMI, rotablation, IVUS, mother and child, micros, wires, complication management…)  Attend CTO workshops, dedicated CTO sessions, live cases  work with a proctor  you need time and patience, good team and two cathlabs  Do at least 50 cases a year  Operators with more than 100 cases/year achieve highest success rates  Refer to a specialized center if you cannot adress the problem
  • 34. A.Bufe - EuroCTO Club/AGIK 2022 Mainz Thank you
  • 35. A.Bufe - EuroCTO Club/AGIK 2022 Mainz
  • 36. A.Bufe - EuroCTO Club/AGIK 2022 Mainz
  • 37. A.Bufe - EuroCTO Club/AGIK 2022 Mainz
  • 38. A.Bufe - EuroCTO Club/AGIK 2022 Mainz
  • 39. A.Bufe - EuroCTO Club/AGIK 2022 Mainz
  • 40.  Eine CTO-Rekanalisation führt zu einer nachhaltigen Reduktion/Beseitigung von Angina pectoris und Dyspnoe und verbessert die Belastbarkeit (besser als OMT) und gelingt in spezialisierten Zentren zu 90%  bei einer Mehr-GE muss interventionell meist eine komplette Revaskularisation erreicht werden (residueller Syntax-Score < 9)  bei einer Mehr-GE mit CTO sollte im Heart Team und Patienten besprochen werden, ob PCI vs Bypass-OP vs Hybrid-Verfahren Zusammenfassung A.Bufe - EuroCTO Club/AGIK 2022 Mainz
  • 41. A.Bufe - EuroCTO Club/AGIK 2022 Mainz
  • 42. A.Bufe - EuroCTO Club/AGIK 2022 Mainz
  • 43. A.Bufe - EuroCTO Club/AGIK 2022 Mainz
  • 44. Patienten mit CTO bei 1-Gefäß KHK Patienten mit CTO bei Mehr-Gefäß KHK A.Bufe - EuroCTO Club/AGIK 2022 Mainz
  • 45. Patienten mit CTO bei 1-Gefäß KHK Patienten mit CTO bei Mehr-Gefäß KHK A.Bufe - EuroCTO Club/AGIK 2022 Mainz
  • 46. A.Bufe - EuroCTO Club/AGIK 2022 Mainz 57jähriger Patient AP CCS III EF 63% Ischämienachweis VW (Myokardszintigraphie 19%)
  • 47. A.Bufe - EuroCTO Club/AGIK 2022 Mainz
  • 48. A.Bufe - EuroCTO Club/AGIK 2022 Mainz
  • 49. A.Bufe - EuroCTO Club/AGIK 2022 Mainz
  • 50. A.Bufe - EuroCTO Club/AGIK 2022 Mainz Gaia 3 Finecross MC
  • 51. A.Bufe - EuroCTO Club/AGIK 2022 Mainz
  • 52. A.Bufe - EuroCTO Club/AGIK 2022 Mainz
  • 53. A.Bufe - EuroCTO Club/AGIK 2022 Mainz 63jähriger Patient AP CCS II-III EF 58% Viabilität + Ischämie VW
  • 54. A.Bufe - EuroCTO Club/AGIK 2022 Mainz retrograde Rekanalisationstechnik
  • 55. A.Bufe - EuroCTO Club/AGIK 2022 Mainz
  • 56. A.Bufe - EuroCTO Club/AGIK 2022 Mainz
  • 57. A.Bufe - EuroCTO Club/AGIK 2022 Mainz
  • 58. Patienten mit CTO bei 1-Gefäß KHK Patienten mit CTO bei Mehr-Gefäß KHK A.Bufe - EuroCTO Club/AGIK 2022 Mainz
  • 59. A.Bufe - EuroCTO Club/AGIK 2022 Mainz
  • 60. A.Bufe - EuroCTO Club/AGIK 2022 Mainz Escaned et al., EHJ 2017
  • 61. A.Bufe - EuroCTO Club/AGIK 2022 Mainz
  • 62. A.Bufe - EuroCTO Club/AGIK 2022 Mainz
  • 63. A.Bufe - EuroCTO Club/AGIK 2022 Mainz LAD-Stenoses RCA-CTO RCA distal NSTEMI anterior wall Hypokinesia anterior and mild Hypokinesia inferior (EF 44%) epicardial collaterals septal collaterals
  • 64. A.Bufe - EuroCTO Club/AGIK 2022 Mainz
  • 65. A.Bufe - EuroCTO Club/AGIK 2022 Mainz
  • 66. A.Bufe - EuroCTO Club/AGIK 2022 Mainz LAD-Stenoses Stents
  • 67. A.Bufe - EuroCTO Club/AGIK 2022 Mainz Subendocardial Scar inferior + ischemia MRI for viability and ischemia
  • 68. A.Bufe - EuroCTO Club/AGIK 2022 Mainz reverse CART
  • 69. A.Bufe - EuroCTO Club/AGIK 2022 Mainz Complete Revascularization in viable myocardium
  • 70. A.Bufe - EuroCTO Club/AGIK 2022 Mainz
  • 71. A.Bufe - EuroCTO Club/AGIK 2022 Mainz Post Bypass-OP
  • 72. A.Bufe - EuroCTO Club/AGIK 2022 Mainz A.Bufe - Helios Herzzentrum Krefeld RCA-VB Verschluss RCX-VB Verschluss
  • 73. A.Bufe - EuroCTO Club/AGIK 2022 Mainz
  • 74. A.Bufe - EuroCTO Club/AGIK 2022 Mainz
  • 75. A.Bufe - EuroCTO Club/AGIK 2022 Mainz
  • 76. A.Bufe - EuroCTO Club/AGIK 2022 Mainz
  • 77. A.Bufe - EuroCTO Club/AGIK 2022 Mainz • die 4 Jahres MACCE-Rate war sign. geringer in der CR-Gruppe als in der ICR-Gruppe CR = komplette Revaskularisation ICR = inkomplette Revaskularisation Farooq et al., JACC 2013;61:282-94 CABG
  • 78. A.Bufe - EuroCTO Club/AGIK 2022 Mainz Zakkar et al.
  • 79. A.Bufe - EuroCTO Club/AGIK 2022 Mainz 2022
  • 80. A.Bufe - EuroCTO Club/AGIK 2022 Mainz
  • 81. A.Bufe - EuroCTO Club/AGIK 2022 Mainz
  • 82. Patienten mit CTO bei 1-Gefäß KHK Patienten mit CTO bei Mehr-Gefäß KHK A.Bufe - EuroCTO Club/AGIK 2022 Mainz
  • 83. A.Bufe - EuroCTO Club/AGIK 2022 Mainz
  • 84. A.Bufe - EuroCTO Club/AGIK 2022 Mainz
  • 85. Werner et al., TCT 2019 A.Bufe - EuroCTO Club/AGIK 2022 Mainz
  • 86. A.Bufe - EuroCTO Club/AGIK 2022 Mainz
  • 87. A.Bufe - EuroCTO Club/AGIK 2022 Mainz
  • 88. EURO-CTO Study Success Failure Decision as per usual clinical care Medical Rx CABG Ongoing angina despite OMT* Clinically indicated interim PCI Repeat Exercice Tolerance Test (ETT) for objective assessment of ischaemia @ 12m and 36months Single-vessel disease CTO only Multivessel CAD including CTO Treat non-occlusive disease by PCI before CTO with DES Angina or angina- equivalent symptoms Randomisation 2:1 PCI with DES + OMT n=800 2 OMT to include: - Aspirin, - Statin, - ACE-inhibitor where tolerated - + up to 2 anti-anginal agents at max tolerated dose including rate- limiting agent where appropriate. Ischaemic symptoms should be confirmed with non-invasive test. OMT n=400 1 A.Bufe - EuroCTO Club/AGIK 2022 Mainz Efficacy: Quality of Life @ 12 and 36 months Safety: Death, non-fatal myocardial infarction (ITT, PP) @ 36 months
  • 89. A.Bufe - EuroCTO Club/AGIK 2022 Mainz
  • 90. A.Bufe - EuroCTO Club/AGIK 2022 Mainz
  • 91. Werner et al., TCT 2019 A.Bufe - EuroCTO Club/AGIK 2022 Mainz
  • 92. CTO-Patienten haben eine schlechtere Prognose A.Bufe - EuroCTO Club/AGIK 2022 Mainz
  • 93. Behnes et al., EuroIntervention 2019 Patients with VTs n=1461 A.Bufe - EuroCTO Club/AGIK 2022 Mainz all cause mortality
  • 94. Behnes et al., EuroIntervention 2019 A.Bufe - EuroCTO Club/AGIK 2022 Mainz
  • 95. CTO-Patienten sind oft hoch symptomatisch >> rekanalisieren A.Bufe - EuroCTO Club/AGIK 2022 Mainz
  • 96. CTO-Patienten haben eine schlechtere Prognose >> rekanalisieren A.Bufe - EuroCTO Club/AGIK 2022 Mainz
  • 97. Christakopoulos G., Brilakis, ES., Am J Cardiol 2015 Effect of successful vs. failed CTO recanalisation on all-cause mortality during follow up A.Bufe - EuroCTO Club/AGIK 2022 Mainz
  • 98. A.Bufe - EuroCTO Club/AGIK 2022 Mainz n = 1162 Cardiac death Suden Cardiac death/ Sus. VTs Godino et al., BMJ 2019
  • 99. • die 4 Jahres MACCE-Rate war sign. geringer in der CR-Gruppe als in der ICR-Gruppe • der stärkste unabhängige Prädiktor für eine inkomplette Revaskularisation war das Vorhandensein einer CTO, 51% Reka-Erfolgsrate CR = komplette Revaskularisation ICR = inkomplette Revaskularisation Farooq et al., JACC 2013;61:282-94 A.Bufe - EuroCTO Club/AGIK 2022 Mainz
  • 100. Garcia et al., J Am Coll Cardiol 2013;62:1421-31 A.Bufe - EuroCTO Club/AGIK 2022 Mainz
  • 101. A.Bufe - EuroCTO Club/AGIK 2022 Mainz
  • 102. A.Bufe - EuroCTO Club/AGIK 2022 Mainz
  • 103. A.Bufe - EuroCTO Club/AGIK 2022 Mainz
  • 104.  ..führt zu einer nachhaltigen Reduktion/Beseitigung von Angina pectoris und Dyspnoe und verbessert die Belastbarkeit (besser als OMT)  ..erreicht eine komplette Revaskularisation bei Mehr-GE und führt zu einem besseren Outcome als eine inkomplette Behandlung  ..vermeidet oft eine Bypass-Operation oder Re-Operation  Unter Anwendung moderner ante- und retrograder Techniken können Erfolgsraten von 90% erreicht werden bei geringer Komplikationsrate Eine erfolgreiche CTO-Rekanalisation bei Beschwerden und Viabilität… A.Bufe - EuroCTO Club/AGIK 2022 Mainz
  • 105. Titelmasterformat durch Klicken bearbeiten EURO CTO CLUB Berlin 2020 ›› 12th Experts "Live" CTO Workshop 2020 September 11th – 12th, 2020 Berlin, Germany www.eurocto.eu SAVE THE DATE Vielen Dank! A.Bufe - EuroCTO Club/AGIK 2022 Mainz
  • 106. A.Bufe - EuroCTO Club/AGIK 2022 Mainz
  • 107. • die 4 Jahres MACCE-Rate war sign. geringer in der CR-Gruppe als in der ICR-Gruppe CR = komplette Revaskularisation ICR = inkomplette Revaskularisation Farooq et al., JACC 2013;61:282-94 A.Bufe - EuroCTO Club/AGIK 2022 Mainz
  • 108. A.Bufe - EuroCTO Club/AGIK 2022 Mainz
  • 109. A.Bufe - EuroCTO Club/AGIK 2022 Mainz
  • 110. A.Bufe - EuroCTO Club/AGIK 2022 Mainz
  • 111. A.Bufe - EuroCTO Club/AGIK 2022 Mainz
  • 112. A.Bufe - EuroCTO Club/AGIK 2022 Mainz
  • 113. A.Bufe - EuroCTO Club/AGIK 2022 Mainz
  • 114. A.Bufe - EuroCTO Club/AGIK 2022 Mainz
  • 115. A.Bufe - EuroCTO Club/AGIK 2022 Mainz
  • 116. CTO-Patients often have a poor prognosis A.Bufe - EuroCTO Club/AGIK 2022 Mainz
  • 117. A.Bufe - EuroCTO Club/AGIK 2022 Mainz Do we really need ischaemia test?
  • 118. A.Bufe - EuroCTO Club/AGIK 2022 Mainz
  • 119. EURO-CTO Study Success Failure Decision as per usual clinical care Medical Rx CABG Ongoing angina despite OMT* Clinically indicated interim PCI Repeat Exercice Tolerance Test (ETT) for objective assessment of ischaemia @ 12m and 36months Single-vessel disease CTO only Multivessel CAD including CTO Treat non-occlusive disease by PCI before CTO with DES Angina or angina- equivalent symptoms Randomisation 2:1 PCI with DES + OMT n=800 2 OMT to include: - Aspirin, - Statin, - ACE-inhibitor where tolerated - + up to 2 anti-anginal agents at max tolerated dose including rate- limiting agent where appropriate. Ischaemic symptoms should be confirmed with non-invasive test. OMT n=400 1 A.Bufe - EuroCTO Club/AGIK 2022 Mainz Efficacy: Quality of Life @ 12 and 36 months Safety: Death, non-fatal myocardial infarction (ITT, PP) @ 36 months
  • 120. A.Bufe - EuroCTO Club/AGIK 2022 Mainz Werner et al., EHJ 2018
  • 121. A.Bufe - EuroCTO Club/AGIK 2022 Mainz
  • 122. A.Bufe - EuroCTO Club/AGIK 2022 Mainz Bangalore et al., Circulation 2020; 142:841-857
  • 123. Werner et al., TCT 2019 A.Bufe - EuroCTO Club/AGIK 2022 Mainz
  • 124. Werner et al., TCT 2019 A.Bufe - EuroCTO Club/AGIK 2022 Mainz
  • 125. A.Bufe - EuroCTO Club/AGIK 2022 Mainz Lee et al, Decision CTO Study, Circulation 2019;139:1674-1683
  • 126. A.Bufe - EuroCTO Club/AGIK 2022 Mainz
  • 127. A.Bufe - EuroCTO Club/AGIK 2022 Mainz n = 19088 Multicenter registry - propensity score - mulivariable analysis Azadani et al., JACC Cardiovac Img 2020 SPECT MPI
  • 128. A.Bufe - EuroCTO Club/AGIK 2022 Mainz CTO LCX 1 vessel disease No symtoms
  • 129. A.Bufe - EuroCTO Club/AGIK 2022 Mainz Rest 30yg 20yg 40yg Dobutamin Stress-MRI
  • 130. A.Bufe - EuroCTO Club/AGIK 2022 Mainz 6.389 patients Revascularization was associated with a protective effect only in the subset of extensive CMR-related ischaemia Extensive ischaemic burden was related to a higher risc of long term mortality 516/516 matched patients
  • 131. A.Bufe - EuroCTO Club/AGIK 2022 Mainz LAD-Stenoses RCA-CTO RCA distal NSTEMI anterior wall Hypokinesia anterior and severe Hypokinesia inferior (EF 38%)
  • 132. Claessen et al., EHJ 2012;33:768-775 A.Bufe - EuroCTO Club/AGIK 2022 Mainz
  • 133. A.Bufe - EuroCTO Club/AGIK 2022 Mainz epicardial collaterals Stents septal collaterals
  • 134. A.Bufe - EuroCTO Club/AGIK 2022 Mainz reverse CART Subendocardial Scar inferior MRI for viability
  • 135. A.Bufe - EuroCTO Club/AGIK 2022 Mainz Complete Revascularization in viable myocardium
  • 136. A.Bufe - EuroCTO Club/AGIK 2022 Mainz Metha et al., NEJM 2019; 381:1411-1421
  • 137. A.Bufe - EuroCTO Club/AGIK 2022 Mainz
  • 138. A.Bufe - EuroCTO Club/AGIK 2022 Mainz Conclusion Galassi et al., EuroCTO Club consensus document, Eurointervention 2019
  • 139. A.Bufe - EuroCTO Club/AGIK 2022 Mainz Thank you
  • 140. A.Bufe - EuroCTO Club/AGIK 2022 Mainz
  • 141. A.Bufe - EuroCTO Club/AGIK 2022 Mainz
  • 142. A.Bufe - EuroCTO Club/AGIK 2022 Mainz
  • 143. A.Bufe - EuroCTO Club/AGIK 2022 Mainz
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  • 148. CTO-Patienten sind oft hoch symptomatisch >> rekanalisieren A.Bufe - EuroCTO Club/AGIK 2022 Mainz
  • 149. CTO-Patienten haben eine schlechtere Prognose >> rekanalisieren A.Bufe - EuroCTO Club/AGIK 2022 Mainz
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  • 152. • die 4 Jahres MACCE-Rate war sign. geringer in der CR-Gruppe als in der ICR-Gruppe • der stärkste unabhängige Prädiktor für eine inkomplette Revaskularisation war das Vorhandensein einer CTO, 51% Reka-Erfolgsrate CR = komplette Revaskularisation ICR = inkomplette Revaskularisation Farooq et al., JACC 2013;61:282-94 A.Bufe - EuroCTO Club/AGIK 2022 Mainz
  • 153. Titelmasterformat durch Klicken bearbeiten ›› 12th Experts "Live" CTO Workshop 2020 September 11th – 12th, 2020 Berlin, Germany www.eurocto.eu SAVE THE DATE Vielen Dank! A.Bufe - EuroCTO Club/AGIK 2022 Mainz
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  • 155. • die 4 Jahres MACCE-Rate war sign. geringer in der CR-Gruppe als in der ICR-Gruppe CR = komplette Revaskularisation ICR = inkomplette Revaskularisation Farooq et al., JACC 2013;61:282-94 A.Bufe - EuroCTO Club/AGIK 2022 Mainz
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  • 160.  ..führt zu einer nachhaltigen Reduktion/Beseitigung von Angina pectoris und Dyspnoe und verbessert die Belastbarkeit (besser als OMT)  ..erreicht eine komplette Revaskularisation bei Mehr-GE und führt zu einem besseren Outcome als eine inkomplette Behandlung  ..vermeidet oft eine Bypass-Operation oder Re-Operation  Unter Anwendung moderner ante- und retrograder Techniken können Erfolgsraten von 90% erreicht werden bei geringer Komplikationsrate Eine erfolgreiche CTO-Rekanalisation bei Beschwerden und Viabilität… A.Bufe - EuroCTO Club/AGIK 2022 Mainz
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