On May 3, 1882, Jose Rizal secretly left the Philippines aboard the S.S. Salvadora. Only his brother Paciano, two sisters, and a few close friends knew about his departure. Rizal knew that his parents would not approve of his decision to leave, as they feared for his safety.
Jose Rizal went to Madrid in 1882, where his brother Paciano wanted him to stay because it was the center of all the provinces of Spain and where he could learn the most.⁷ Rizal wasted no time in Madrid. He began writing for the Diariong Tagalog under the pseudonym Laong Laan, which means "ever prepared."
On August 20, 1882, his essay "El Amor Patrio" (Love of Country) was published. This work focuses on the author's perceptions of the Philippines, both tangible and imagined. It paints the Philippines as a homeland, worthy of love and protection. In his essay, Rizal wrote:
"Love is an extremely powerful force behind most noble activities. Of all loves, the love of country has inspired the grandest, the most heroic, and the most selfless of deeds. We need only read history books, historical records, or traditions to see this."
After writing "El Amor Patrio," Rizal suspended writing articles about the country because of his mother's opposition. The essay had alerted Spanish officials to Rizal's nationalistic tendencies, and his mother feared that he would be arrested. Rizal also had a difficult time gaining fame, so, he decided to focus on his studies instead.
Rizal enrolled at the Universidad Central de Madrid on November 3, 1882. He first enrolled in medicine, and later also enrolled in philosophy and letters. He found time for additional lessons, such as painting and sculpture at the Academy of San Carlos, and drawing at the Academia de Bellas Artes de San Fernando. He also found time to study French, German, and English.
Circulo Hispano-Filipino
During his first year in Madrid, José Rizal joined the Circulo Hispano-Filipino, a Filipino student organization that met regularly to discuss political issues and to voice out the concerns of Filipinos. The organization was able to publish the newspaper Revista del Circulo Hispano-Filipino, which aimed to express thoughts about the abusive Spanish government.
However, the publication was short-lived due to lack of funds and conflicting political issues. This led to the dissolution of the organization. Notable members of the organization included José Rizal, Marcelo H. del Pilar, Juan Luna, and Graciano López Jaena.
Jose Rizal had a difficult time financially during his stay in Madrid. His family's financial status had been declining due to crop failures and the increase in rentals of the Dominican hacienda lands in his hometown. As a result, the monthly allowance that Rizal received from the Philippines was often delayed or not enough. No Time To Waste
Jose Rizal went to Madrid in 1882, where his brother Paciano wanted him to stay because it was the center of all the provinces of..
04 - Rizal's Life: Higher Education and Life Abroad (Part 1) | Life and Works...Humi
The document provides details about Jose Rizal's formative years, including his time at Ateneo de Manila University and University of Santo Tomas. It describes how the execution of three Filipino priests in 1872 known as the Gomburza inspired the young Rizal. It outlines Rizal's rigorous education at Ateneo and discusses some challenges he faced at the Dominican-run University of Santo Tomas, such as discrimination and a preference for Spanish students. However, it also acknowledges arguments that Rizal's experience at UST has been exaggerated and that he did not complain about his grades there.
Rizal was forced to leave the Philippines for a second time in 1888 at age 27 due to powerful enemies. He boarded a steamer bound for Hong Kong. He did not stop in Amoy due to feeling unwell and heavy rain. In Hong Kong, a British colony, he stayed in a hotel and met several Filipinos. He described Hong Kong as a small but clean city with many ethnicities. Rizal then visited Macau, a Portuguese colony, staying at the house of a Filipino gentleman for two days. During his two week vacation in Hong Kong, Rizal studied Chinese life, language, customs, and celebrations. He departed Hong Kong on February 22nd, 1888 aboard an
03 - Rizal's Family, Childhood, and Early Education | Life and Works of Rizal...Humi
Jose Protacio Rizal was born on June 19, 1861, in Calamba, Laguna. His birth was not an easy one, as his mother struggled to deliver him due to the size of his head. Fortunately, both Rizal and his mother survived.
Three days after his birth, Jose Protacio Rizal was baptized at a Catholic Church by Father Rufino Collantes. He was named after two saints: Saint Joseph, after his mother's devotion to him, and Saint Gervacio Protacio, whose feast day is June 19, the same day as Rizal's birth.
During the baptism ceremony, Father Rufino Collantes noticed that Rizal's head was unusually large for a baby. The priest was astonished and advised Rizal's family to take good care of him, as he believed that the large head was a sign of intelligence and that Rizal would one day become a great man.
Francisco Mercado Rizal was born on May 11, 1818, in Biñan, Laguna. He studied Latin and philosophy at the College of San Jose in Manila.²² After losing both of his parents, Francisco moved to Calamba to work in a hacienda owned by a Dominican friar.²³ (Note: Francisco's family was not poor, but likely, he made his inherited wealth grow more through farming and trading.)
In Calamba, Francisco (also known as Don Francisco or Tiniente Kiko) was well-respected. He was elected by the citizens of Calamba to be their "cabeza de barangay," or head of the town. He was a man of few words but great actions, with a strong body and a sharp mind. His son, Jose Rizal, affectionately called him "a model of fathers" in his student memoirs.
Jose Rizal deeply admired and loved his father, as evidenced by the art he created in his honor. In 1881, Jose made a clay bust of Don Kiko. Six years later, he carved a life-size wood sculpture of him. In honor of his father, Jose even named his premature son (with Josephine Bracken) 'Francisco,' according to some sources. Before his death, Jose Rizal even wrote letters to his brother and father expressing his love and gratitude to the latter.
Through Don Kiko's independence, determination, and hard work, he instilled in his son a free spirit that would inspire Jose Rizal to become who he was.²⁷ Don Francisco's life and legacy are a testament to the importance of hard work, perseverance, and love for family and community.
Teodora Alonso Realonda y Quintos was born on November 8, 1826, in Manila.²⁸ She came from a long line of principalia, the ruling and educated upper class in the towns during the Spanish occupation.These ex-datus cooperated with the Spanish in subjugating their former subjects and, in turn, were rewarded with government positions such as gobernadorcillos (mayor) and cabezas de barangay (town chief).
The principalia status was hereditary, including the government positions they held. Her father and grandfather served as gobernadorcillos, the highest position any Filipino could hold in government. Her grandfather, Cipriano Alonso, served as Biñan’s gobernadorcillo in 1790 and 1802...
Rizal studied philosophy and letters and then medicine at the University of Santo Tomas in Manila. He also took surveying courses at Ateneo de Manila where he excelled. While in university, Rizal was involved in several organizations and had romantic relationships. He wrote several literary works and decided to continue his medical studies abroad in Spain due to rampant discrimination in the Philippines.
This document provides a summary of Chapter 7 of the biography "Life and Works of Dr. Jose P. Rizal". It describes Rizal finishing and publishing his novel Noli Me Tangere in 1886-1887. Some key points:
- Rizal was inspired by Uncle Tom's Cabin to write about the suffering of Filipinos under Spanish rule. He began writing Noli Me Tangere in 1884 in Madrid and worked on it in Paris and Germany.
- The novel was published in March 1887 with funding from Rizal's friend Dr. Maximo Viola. It cost 300 pesos to print 2000 initial copies.
- The title "Noli Me Tangere"
Rizal encountered many adversities during his time in Madrid from 1890-1891. He almost fought two duels, one with Antonio Luna and another with Wenceslao Retana. Additionally, the infidelity of his love Leonor Rivera broke his heart. Rizal also faced rivalry with Marcelo H. del Pilar for leadership of the Propaganda Movement. This caused division among the Filipino community in Madrid. Despite being elected leader, Rizal declined to prevent further disunity and left Madrid, bidding it an emotional farewell.
Rizal enrolled at the University of Santo Tomas in 1877 to study philosophy and letters, and later medicine, following the advice of Father Pablo Ramon. As a student, he experienced racial discrimination from Spanish professors and faced hostility as a Filipino. He decided to continue his studies abroad in Spain after finishing his fourth year in medical school, supported by his brother Paciano, sisters Saturnina and Lucia, Uncle Antonio Rivera, and the Valenzuela family, though without informing his parents or Leonor Rivera of this decision.
04 - Rizal's Life: Higher Education and Life Abroad (Part 1) | Life and Works...Humi
The document provides details about Jose Rizal's formative years, including his time at Ateneo de Manila University and University of Santo Tomas. It describes how the execution of three Filipino priests in 1872 known as the Gomburza inspired the young Rizal. It outlines Rizal's rigorous education at Ateneo and discusses some challenges he faced at the Dominican-run University of Santo Tomas, such as discrimination and a preference for Spanish students. However, it also acknowledges arguments that Rizal's experience at UST has been exaggerated and that he did not complain about his grades there.
Rizal was forced to leave the Philippines for a second time in 1888 at age 27 due to powerful enemies. He boarded a steamer bound for Hong Kong. He did not stop in Amoy due to feeling unwell and heavy rain. In Hong Kong, a British colony, he stayed in a hotel and met several Filipinos. He described Hong Kong as a small but clean city with many ethnicities. Rizal then visited Macau, a Portuguese colony, staying at the house of a Filipino gentleman for two days. During his two week vacation in Hong Kong, Rizal studied Chinese life, language, customs, and celebrations. He departed Hong Kong on February 22nd, 1888 aboard an
03 - Rizal's Family, Childhood, and Early Education | Life and Works of Rizal...Humi
Jose Protacio Rizal was born on June 19, 1861, in Calamba, Laguna. His birth was not an easy one, as his mother struggled to deliver him due to the size of his head. Fortunately, both Rizal and his mother survived.
Three days after his birth, Jose Protacio Rizal was baptized at a Catholic Church by Father Rufino Collantes. He was named after two saints: Saint Joseph, after his mother's devotion to him, and Saint Gervacio Protacio, whose feast day is June 19, the same day as Rizal's birth.
During the baptism ceremony, Father Rufino Collantes noticed that Rizal's head was unusually large for a baby. The priest was astonished and advised Rizal's family to take good care of him, as he believed that the large head was a sign of intelligence and that Rizal would one day become a great man.
Francisco Mercado Rizal was born on May 11, 1818, in Biñan, Laguna. He studied Latin and philosophy at the College of San Jose in Manila.²² After losing both of his parents, Francisco moved to Calamba to work in a hacienda owned by a Dominican friar.²³ (Note: Francisco's family was not poor, but likely, he made his inherited wealth grow more through farming and trading.)
In Calamba, Francisco (also known as Don Francisco or Tiniente Kiko) was well-respected. He was elected by the citizens of Calamba to be their "cabeza de barangay," or head of the town. He was a man of few words but great actions, with a strong body and a sharp mind. His son, Jose Rizal, affectionately called him "a model of fathers" in his student memoirs.
Jose Rizal deeply admired and loved his father, as evidenced by the art he created in his honor. In 1881, Jose made a clay bust of Don Kiko. Six years later, he carved a life-size wood sculpture of him. In honor of his father, Jose even named his premature son (with Josephine Bracken) 'Francisco,' according to some sources. Before his death, Jose Rizal even wrote letters to his brother and father expressing his love and gratitude to the latter.
Through Don Kiko's independence, determination, and hard work, he instilled in his son a free spirit that would inspire Jose Rizal to become who he was.²⁷ Don Francisco's life and legacy are a testament to the importance of hard work, perseverance, and love for family and community.
Teodora Alonso Realonda y Quintos was born on November 8, 1826, in Manila.²⁸ She came from a long line of principalia, the ruling and educated upper class in the towns during the Spanish occupation.These ex-datus cooperated with the Spanish in subjugating their former subjects and, in turn, were rewarded with government positions such as gobernadorcillos (mayor) and cabezas de barangay (town chief).
The principalia status was hereditary, including the government positions they held. Her father and grandfather served as gobernadorcillos, the highest position any Filipino could hold in government. Her grandfather, Cipriano Alonso, served as Biñan’s gobernadorcillo in 1790 and 1802...
Rizal studied philosophy and letters and then medicine at the University of Santo Tomas in Manila. He also took surveying courses at Ateneo de Manila where he excelled. While in university, Rizal was involved in several organizations and had romantic relationships. He wrote several literary works and decided to continue his medical studies abroad in Spain due to rampant discrimination in the Philippines.
This document provides a summary of Chapter 7 of the biography "Life and Works of Dr. Jose P. Rizal". It describes Rizal finishing and publishing his novel Noli Me Tangere in 1886-1887. Some key points:
- Rizal was inspired by Uncle Tom's Cabin to write about the suffering of Filipinos under Spanish rule. He began writing Noli Me Tangere in 1884 in Madrid and worked on it in Paris and Germany.
- The novel was published in March 1887 with funding from Rizal's friend Dr. Maximo Viola. It cost 300 pesos to print 2000 initial copies.
- The title "Noli Me Tangere"
Rizal encountered many adversities during his time in Madrid from 1890-1891. He almost fought two duels, one with Antonio Luna and another with Wenceslao Retana. Additionally, the infidelity of his love Leonor Rivera broke his heart. Rizal also faced rivalry with Marcelo H. del Pilar for leadership of the Propaganda Movement. This caused division among the Filipino community in Madrid. Despite being elected leader, Rizal declined to prevent further disunity and left Madrid, bidding it an emotional farewell.
Rizal enrolled at the University of Santo Tomas in 1877 to study philosophy and letters, and later medicine, following the advice of Father Pablo Ramon. As a student, he experienced racial discrimination from Spanish professors and faced hostility as a Filipino. He decided to continue his studies abroad in Spain after finishing his fourth year in medical school, supported by his brother Paciano, sisters Saturnina and Lucia, Uncle Antonio Rivera, and the Valenzuela family, though without informing his parents or Leonor Rivera of this decision.
Rizal spent his childhood in Calamba. Some of his earliest memories included his nursemaid Aya and the death of his sister Concepcion when he was 3 years old. He was devoted to the Catholic church from a young age, joining family prayers at 3 and knowing parts of the bible by 5. At age 5, he began making sketches. He wrote his first poem at age 8 in the native language. Rizal's childhood was influenced by his family, environment, and divine providence, and he received help in his development from his uncles Gregorio, Jose, and Manuel.
Rizal lived in London from May 1888 to March 1889 for several reasons: to improve his English, study Morga's books on Philippine history, and continue his fight against Spanish rule from a safe location. While there, he annotated Morga's works, wrote articles for La Solidaridad, penned his Letter to the Young Women of Malolos, and had a romance with Gertrude Beckett. He received both good and bad news from the Philippines, completed several sculptures, and served as honorary president of Filipinos in Europe before leaving London in March 1889.
Rizal arrived in Madrid, Spain in August 1890 to seek justice for his family and tenants who were evicted from their lands in Calamba by the Dominican friars. While in Madrid, his sister Leonor married a British engineer and his family in the Philippines faced deportation and forced removal from their home. Rizal also engaged in disputes with other Filipino figures during this time over their differing views and approaches regarding the propaganda movement.
Rizal faced many setbacks and misfortunes while in Madrid from 1890-1891. He was unable to secure justice for his oppressed family and tenants in Calamba through interviews with government ministers or the help of Spanish liberal newspapers. He received bad news that his family was evicted from their home and deported. Rizal also dealt with personal struggles including the aborted duels with Antonio Luna and Wenceslao Retana, the infidelity of Leonor Rivera, and a growing rivalry with Marcelo Del Pilar over leadership of the Propaganda Movement. Ultimately, Rizal turned down a leadership position to avoid further disunity among Filipino exiles.
Rizal served a 4-year political exile on the island of Dapitan where he lived a productive life as a teacher, farmer, medical doctor, inventor, and writer. He befriended the local commandante and had some freedoms like traveling around the island. During his exile, he challenged religious authorities through debates, helped develop infrastructure projects in Dapitan, and had a child with Josephine Bracken before ending his exile to offer medical services in Cuba.
1. Rizal took an examination at the College of San Juan de Letran but enrolled at Ateneo de Manila instead upon returning to Manila.
2. At Ateneo, Rizal excelled in his studies, becoming the "emperor" or highest rank among students. He received many medals and honors for his academic achievements.
3. In his spare time at Ateneo, Rizal engaged in artistic pursuits like poetry, drama, sculpture and painting. He was also involved in various student organizations.
Rizal left Manila secretly on May 3, 1882 to travel to Spain. He stopped in Singapore for two days before boarding a French steamer to Suez, Egypt. On June 11, he arrived in Naples, Italy and was fascinated by Mount Vesuvius and Castle of St. Elmo. He later reached Barcelona, the second largest city in Spain, where he wrote his nationalist essay "Amor Patrio" under a pseudonym. In Madrid, he enrolled in medical and philosophy studies at the Central University of Madrid. He also took art lessons and joined the Circulo Hispano-Filipino society. In 1883, he joined the Masonic lodge in Madrid to help fight abusive friars in
Jose Rizal visited several cities in America in 1888, including San Francisco, Oakland, Reno, Ogden, Chicago, Boston, Albany, and Sacramento. While he appreciated the material progress and opportunities in America, he was disappointed by the racial discrimination and lack of equality, especially towards Chinese and Black people. Rizal then traveled throughout Europe, staying in London from 1888-1889 where he extensively researched Philippine history at the British Museum and contributed writings to La Solidaridad under pseudonyms. He had a romantic relationship with his landlord's daughter Gertrude but did not pursue it since he was still involved with Leonor Rivera. Rizal left London for Paris in 1889 to distance himself from Gertrude.
1. Jose Rizal was born in Calamba, Laguna on June 19, 1861 to Francisco Mercado Rizal and Teodora Alonso Realonda. He came from a wealthy family and had a happy childhood.
2. As a child, Rizal showed early signs of his genius through his artistic talents, writing abilities, and voracious reading. He was influenced by his family, the natural beauty of Calamba, and the injustices committed against Filipinos under Spanish rule.
3. Rizal's childhood cultivated the qualities that would make him the future pride and martyr of the Philippine nation through his diverse talents, love of learning, and awakening sense of nationalism in
Rizal spent two years in London from 1888 to 1890 studying, writing, and annotating historical texts about the Philippines. He boarded with the Beckett family and immersed himself in research at the British Museum, most notably annotating Morga's "Sucesos de Las Islas Filipinas". Rizal socialized with other Filipino exiles and used his time in London to contribute articles to propaganda periodicals advocating for reforms back home in the Philippines.
Rizal traveled extensively for his studies, living in Spain, France, Germany, England, Belgium, the United States, and Japan. Some key events include studying medicine in Madrid, writing articles criticizing the Spanish rule of the Philippines, publishing Noli Me Tangere in Berlin, and returning to the Philippines in 1892 where he was eventually exiled to Dapitan and later imprisoned before his execution.
This document profiles Jose Rizal's romantic relationships. It discusses the 8 women who caught his heart: Segunda Katigbak, Leonor Valenzuela, Leonor Rivera, Consuelo Ortiga, O Sei San, Gertrude Beckett, Nellie Bousted, and Josephine Bracken. It provides biographical details about each woman, including physical descriptions from Rizal's writings. Many relationships did not result in marriage due to various factors such as disapproval from families, Rizal's patriotic duties, or religious differences. Overall, the document aims to give a glimpse into Rizal's heart and romantic affairs throughout his life.
Rizal lived in exile in Dapitan from 1892-1896. During this time, he practiced medicine, pursued scientific studies, continued his artistic and literary works, taught boys at the school he established, and engaged in community development projects like brick making and farming. He had a largely peaceful life, but had some disputes with local friars and businessmen. Rizal contributed greatly to the community through his various pursuits and projects.
Rizal pursued higher education in many fields including medicine, surveying, and languages. He studied at UST and Ateneo in Manila before traveling abroad for further education. In Spain, he studied at universities in Madrid, Barcelona, and Paris where he obtained degrees. He also spent time in Germany and other parts of Europe pursuing ophthalmology studies and publishing his novels which criticized the Spanish colonial government. Facing threats in the Philippines, he traveled extensively during this period including to Japan, Hong Kong, and the United States.
Rizal moved to Paris after visiting London. While there, he socialized with the Pardo de Tavera family and Mr. Edward Bousted's family. He founded two clubs, Kidlat Club and Indios Bravos, and worked on two projects - the International Association of Filipinologists and a Modern Filipino College in Hong Kong. However, his romance with Adelina Bousted did not lead to marriage due to uncertainties about his feelings, religious differences, and concerns about his ability to financially support a family.
Rizal enrolled in Ateneo de Manila in 1872 after passing the entrance exam for Colegio de San Juan de Letran. He excelled in his studies at Ateneo, becoming the "Emperor" among students. He received many medals and honors for his academic achievements. Rizal was involved in various organizations like the Marian Congregation and academies for Spanish literature and natural sciences. In addition to his studies, he pursued art, painting, sculpture, poetry and drama. After completing his Bachelor of Arts degree with highest honors in 1877, Rizal had established himself as a talented student who excelled in both academics and extracurricular activities during his time at Ateneo.
rizal chapter 9 the rizal grand tour in aurope with maximo viola by: Jezrel A...Jezrel Ensomo
Rizal and his friend Viola took a grand tour of Europe after the publication of Noli Me Tangere, visiting many cities between 1887-1888. They saw cities in Germany like Berlin, Dresden, and Prague in the Czech Republic. They spent over a week in Leitmeritz as guests of Rizal's friend Blumentritt. In Vienna, they met the famous novelist Norfenfals. Their travels also took them to Switzerland, Italy, and other countries, with Rizal continuing on alone after Viola returned home. Throughout the tour, Rizal was deeply impressed by the art, culture and people he experienced in Europe.
Rizal spent his second sojourn in Paris during the 1889 Universal Exposition. While there, he lived with friends like Valentin Ventura and had Filipino roommates like Capitan Justo Trinidad and Jose Albert. In Paris, Rizal spent most of his time studying at the Bibliotheque Nationale and socializing with friends. He also continued his art, fencing lessons, and language studies. During this time, he wrote articles for La Solidaridad and worked on his second novel El Filibusterismo.
Rizal traveled extensively throughout Europe and Asia over several trips between 1882-1892, studying medicine and writing about the Philippines. Some key details include:
- His first trip abroad in 1882 was to Spain, where he studied at universities in Barcelona and Madrid.
- He also traveled to France, Germany, England, Belgium, the Netherlands, Italy, Austria and Switzerland, observing their hospitals, schools and societies.
- His writings criticized the Spanish colonial system and Catholic Church, leading the religious authorities to ban his novel Noli Me Tangere.
- Facing threats of imprisonment, Rizal left Manila for Hong Kong in 1888, and later visited Japan and the United States before returning to study in Europe.
Rizal spent time in London studying history and languages at the British Museum. He fell in love with his landlady's daughter Gertrude but realized he could not marry due to his mission. He contributed articles to La Solidaridad under pseudonyms and became leader of Filipinos in Europe. In Paris, he formed the Kidlat Club and participated in the Exposition. He published the annotated edition of Morga's Sucesos, dedicating it to Filipinos to show their pre-Hispanic civilization.
Rizal left Manila in 1882 to study in Europe without permission from Spanish authorities. He traveled extensively over the next decade, studying in France, Germany, England, Belgium, and Spain. This included earning a medical degree from Universidad Central de Madrid. Rizal used his time in Europe to observe different countries' policies and advancements, as well as write works describing the Philippines' situation under Spanish rule. He eventually returned to the Philippines in 1892, where he continued advocating for reforms.
Rizal spent his childhood in Calamba. Some of his earliest memories included his nursemaid Aya and the death of his sister Concepcion when he was 3 years old. He was devoted to the Catholic church from a young age, joining family prayers at 3 and knowing parts of the bible by 5. At age 5, he began making sketches. He wrote his first poem at age 8 in the native language. Rizal's childhood was influenced by his family, environment, and divine providence, and he received help in his development from his uncles Gregorio, Jose, and Manuel.
Rizal lived in London from May 1888 to March 1889 for several reasons: to improve his English, study Morga's books on Philippine history, and continue his fight against Spanish rule from a safe location. While there, he annotated Morga's works, wrote articles for La Solidaridad, penned his Letter to the Young Women of Malolos, and had a romance with Gertrude Beckett. He received both good and bad news from the Philippines, completed several sculptures, and served as honorary president of Filipinos in Europe before leaving London in March 1889.
Rizal arrived in Madrid, Spain in August 1890 to seek justice for his family and tenants who were evicted from their lands in Calamba by the Dominican friars. While in Madrid, his sister Leonor married a British engineer and his family in the Philippines faced deportation and forced removal from their home. Rizal also engaged in disputes with other Filipino figures during this time over their differing views and approaches regarding the propaganda movement.
Rizal faced many setbacks and misfortunes while in Madrid from 1890-1891. He was unable to secure justice for his oppressed family and tenants in Calamba through interviews with government ministers or the help of Spanish liberal newspapers. He received bad news that his family was evicted from their home and deported. Rizal also dealt with personal struggles including the aborted duels with Antonio Luna and Wenceslao Retana, the infidelity of Leonor Rivera, and a growing rivalry with Marcelo Del Pilar over leadership of the Propaganda Movement. Ultimately, Rizal turned down a leadership position to avoid further disunity among Filipino exiles.
Rizal served a 4-year political exile on the island of Dapitan where he lived a productive life as a teacher, farmer, medical doctor, inventor, and writer. He befriended the local commandante and had some freedoms like traveling around the island. During his exile, he challenged religious authorities through debates, helped develop infrastructure projects in Dapitan, and had a child with Josephine Bracken before ending his exile to offer medical services in Cuba.
1. Rizal took an examination at the College of San Juan de Letran but enrolled at Ateneo de Manila instead upon returning to Manila.
2. At Ateneo, Rizal excelled in his studies, becoming the "emperor" or highest rank among students. He received many medals and honors for his academic achievements.
3. In his spare time at Ateneo, Rizal engaged in artistic pursuits like poetry, drama, sculpture and painting. He was also involved in various student organizations.
Rizal left Manila secretly on May 3, 1882 to travel to Spain. He stopped in Singapore for two days before boarding a French steamer to Suez, Egypt. On June 11, he arrived in Naples, Italy and was fascinated by Mount Vesuvius and Castle of St. Elmo. He later reached Barcelona, the second largest city in Spain, where he wrote his nationalist essay "Amor Patrio" under a pseudonym. In Madrid, he enrolled in medical and philosophy studies at the Central University of Madrid. He also took art lessons and joined the Circulo Hispano-Filipino society. In 1883, he joined the Masonic lodge in Madrid to help fight abusive friars in
Jose Rizal visited several cities in America in 1888, including San Francisco, Oakland, Reno, Ogden, Chicago, Boston, Albany, and Sacramento. While he appreciated the material progress and opportunities in America, he was disappointed by the racial discrimination and lack of equality, especially towards Chinese and Black people. Rizal then traveled throughout Europe, staying in London from 1888-1889 where he extensively researched Philippine history at the British Museum and contributed writings to La Solidaridad under pseudonyms. He had a romantic relationship with his landlord's daughter Gertrude but did not pursue it since he was still involved with Leonor Rivera. Rizal left London for Paris in 1889 to distance himself from Gertrude.
1. Jose Rizal was born in Calamba, Laguna on June 19, 1861 to Francisco Mercado Rizal and Teodora Alonso Realonda. He came from a wealthy family and had a happy childhood.
2. As a child, Rizal showed early signs of his genius through his artistic talents, writing abilities, and voracious reading. He was influenced by his family, the natural beauty of Calamba, and the injustices committed against Filipinos under Spanish rule.
3. Rizal's childhood cultivated the qualities that would make him the future pride and martyr of the Philippine nation through his diverse talents, love of learning, and awakening sense of nationalism in
Rizal spent two years in London from 1888 to 1890 studying, writing, and annotating historical texts about the Philippines. He boarded with the Beckett family and immersed himself in research at the British Museum, most notably annotating Morga's "Sucesos de Las Islas Filipinas". Rizal socialized with other Filipino exiles and used his time in London to contribute articles to propaganda periodicals advocating for reforms back home in the Philippines.
Rizal traveled extensively for his studies, living in Spain, France, Germany, England, Belgium, the United States, and Japan. Some key events include studying medicine in Madrid, writing articles criticizing the Spanish rule of the Philippines, publishing Noli Me Tangere in Berlin, and returning to the Philippines in 1892 where he was eventually exiled to Dapitan and later imprisoned before his execution.
This document profiles Jose Rizal's romantic relationships. It discusses the 8 women who caught his heart: Segunda Katigbak, Leonor Valenzuela, Leonor Rivera, Consuelo Ortiga, O Sei San, Gertrude Beckett, Nellie Bousted, and Josephine Bracken. It provides biographical details about each woman, including physical descriptions from Rizal's writings. Many relationships did not result in marriage due to various factors such as disapproval from families, Rizal's patriotic duties, or religious differences. Overall, the document aims to give a glimpse into Rizal's heart and romantic affairs throughout his life.
Rizal lived in exile in Dapitan from 1892-1896. During this time, he practiced medicine, pursued scientific studies, continued his artistic and literary works, taught boys at the school he established, and engaged in community development projects like brick making and farming. He had a largely peaceful life, but had some disputes with local friars and businessmen. Rizal contributed greatly to the community through his various pursuits and projects.
Rizal pursued higher education in many fields including medicine, surveying, and languages. He studied at UST and Ateneo in Manila before traveling abroad for further education. In Spain, he studied at universities in Madrid, Barcelona, and Paris where he obtained degrees. He also spent time in Germany and other parts of Europe pursuing ophthalmology studies and publishing his novels which criticized the Spanish colonial government. Facing threats in the Philippines, he traveled extensively during this period including to Japan, Hong Kong, and the United States.
Rizal moved to Paris after visiting London. While there, he socialized with the Pardo de Tavera family and Mr. Edward Bousted's family. He founded two clubs, Kidlat Club and Indios Bravos, and worked on two projects - the International Association of Filipinologists and a Modern Filipino College in Hong Kong. However, his romance with Adelina Bousted did not lead to marriage due to uncertainties about his feelings, religious differences, and concerns about his ability to financially support a family.
Rizal enrolled in Ateneo de Manila in 1872 after passing the entrance exam for Colegio de San Juan de Letran. He excelled in his studies at Ateneo, becoming the "Emperor" among students. He received many medals and honors for his academic achievements. Rizal was involved in various organizations like the Marian Congregation and academies for Spanish literature and natural sciences. In addition to his studies, he pursued art, painting, sculpture, poetry and drama. After completing his Bachelor of Arts degree with highest honors in 1877, Rizal had established himself as a talented student who excelled in both academics and extracurricular activities during his time at Ateneo.
rizal chapter 9 the rizal grand tour in aurope with maximo viola by: Jezrel A...Jezrel Ensomo
Rizal and his friend Viola took a grand tour of Europe after the publication of Noli Me Tangere, visiting many cities between 1887-1888. They saw cities in Germany like Berlin, Dresden, and Prague in the Czech Republic. They spent over a week in Leitmeritz as guests of Rizal's friend Blumentritt. In Vienna, they met the famous novelist Norfenfals. Their travels also took them to Switzerland, Italy, and other countries, with Rizal continuing on alone after Viola returned home. Throughout the tour, Rizal was deeply impressed by the art, culture and people he experienced in Europe.
Rizal spent his second sojourn in Paris during the 1889 Universal Exposition. While there, he lived with friends like Valentin Ventura and had Filipino roommates like Capitan Justo Trinidad and Jose Albert. In Paris, Rizal spent most of his time studying at the Bibliotheque Nationale and socializing with friends. He also continued his art, fencing lessons, and language studies. During this time, he wrote articles for La Solidaridad and worked on his second novel El Filibusterismo.
Rizal traveled extensively throughout Europe and Asia over several trips between 1882-1892, studying medicine and writing about the Philippines. Some key details include:
- His first trip abroad in 1882 was to Spain, where he studied at universities in Barcelona and Madrid.
- He also traveled to France, Germany, England, Belgium, the Netherlands, Italy, Austria and Switzerland, observing their hospitals, schools and societies.
- His writings criticized the Spanish colonial system and Catholic Church, leading the religious authorities to ban his novel Noli Me Tangere.
- Facing threats of imprisonment, Rizal left Manila for Hong Kong in 1888, and later visited Japan and the United States before returning to study in Europe.
Rizal spent time in London studying history and languages at the British Museum. He fell in love with his landlady's daughter Gertrude but realized he could not marry due to his mission. He contributed articles to La Solidaridad under pseudonyms and became leader of Filipinos in Europe. In Paris, he formed the Kidlat Club and participated in the Exposition. He published the annotated edition of Morga's Sucesos, dedicating it to Filipinos to show their pre-Hispanic civilization.
Rizal left Manila in 1882 to study in Europe without permission from Spanish authorities. He traveled extensively over the next decade, studying in France, Germany, England, Belgium, and Spain. This included earning a medical degree from Universidad Central de Madrid. Rizal used his time in Europe to observe different countries' policies and advancements, as well as write works describing the Philippines' situation under Spanish rule. He eventually returned to the Philippines in 1892, where he continued advocating for reforms.
1) Dr. Jose Rizal was a Filipino nationalist and reformist whose writings and actions were instrumental in the Philippine Revolution.
2) In 1882, Rizal left the Philippines for the first time to study in Europe. He traveled to Singapore, France, and eventually settled in Spain where he studied medicine.
3) While abroad, Rizal used his time and talents to observe different societies and push for reforms in the Philippines. He wrote articles and poems advocating for change and published two novels that criticized the Spanish colonial government and Catholic Church.
Rizal traveled extensively throughout Europe and Asia from 1882 to 1896, studying medicine and writing about the Philippines. Some key events include his first trip abroad to Spain in 1882, receiving his medical degree from Madrid in 1884, writing Noli Me Tangere in Berlin in 1887, and being exiled to Dapitan in 1892 before ultimately being imprisoned and executed in Manila in 1896 on charges of rebellion.
Rizal departed secretly from the Philippines in 1882 to study medicine in Europe. While in Spain, he had hidden purposes of making a name for himself as a writer, observing European society, and preparing to liberate the Filipinos from Spanish tyranny. After staying briefly in Barcelona, he moved to Madrid to continue his studies. There he associated with other Filipino expatriates and began writing nationalist articles under a pen name. He also fell in love with a woman named Consuelo but did not pursue the relationship. Rizal delivered a speech in 1884 praising the achievements of Filipino artists Juan Luna and Felix Hidalgo that drew criticism from his mother back home.
Rizal traveled extensively for his studies, living in Spain, France, Germany, England, Belgium, and Japan. He wrote articles and books criticizing the Spanish colonial government and Catholic Church's treatment of Filipinos. This led the Spanish to exile him to Dapitan in the Philippines in 1892, where he taught and provided medical services. When the Philippine Revolution began in 1896, the Spanish falsely accused him of involvement and imprisoned him in Fort Santiago until his execution on December 30, 1896.
Rizal decided to study abroad in Europe without his parents' consent. He traveled to Singapore and then continued on to locations like Ceylon, Aden, Italy, France, and Spain. In Spain, he studied medicine and philosophy and was involved in writing and political activism. He experienced hardship but also made important connections. He later traveled throughout Europe including to Germany where he did further study and research, worked in medical clinics, and wrote his first novel which inspired political change.
Rizal traveled extensively throughout Europe, Asia, and North America from 1882 until his return to the Philippines in 1892. Some of the many places he visited included Spain, France, Germany, Italy, England, the United States, Japan, Hong Kong, and the Philippines. His travels exposed him to different cultures and political systems and helped broaden his perspectives. They also supported his medical training and allowed him to write and publish his novels which criticized the abuses under Spanish colonial rule. After returning to the Philippines in 1892, he continued to advocate for reforms, but was eventually arrested and executed by the Spanish in 1896.
Rizal traveled extensively throughout Europe and Asia for his studies. He attended universities in Manila, Madrid and Heidelberg, and visited places like Paris, Leipzig, Wilhelmsfeld, Tokyo, London, and Barcelona. During his travels, Rizal studied various subjects, wrote poetry and articles, and learned about different cultures, all with the goal of gaining knowledge and preparing to liberate the Filipino people from Spanish rule.
- Jose Rizal was the most well-traveled Filipino hero in history, making numerous trips abroad between 1882-1892 to further his education and expose himself to different cultures and political systems.
- He traveled extensively through Europe, Asia, and North America, visiting countries like Spain, France, Germany, Italy, England, Austria, the Czech Republic, the United States, and more.
- His travels exposed him to new ideas that influenced his writings and fueled his nationalist ideas in fighting for reforms against the abuses of Spanish colonial rule in the Philippines.
Rizal's First Travel abroad Powepoint.pptxLyrehcAblasi
Rizal embarked on his first trip abroad in 1882 without his parents' consent. He traveled to Singapore, Sri Lanka, Yemen, Egypt, Italy, France, and Spain. In Spain, he studied medicine and philosophy and wrote articles criticizing the Spanish rule in the Philippines. He lived frugally and observed the cultures and governments of different European countries. In 1887, he completed his first novel Noli Me Tangere in Berlin and embarked on a grand tour of Europe with Dr. Viola before returning to the Philippines.
This document provides biographical details about Jose Rizal, the Philippine national hero. It describes that Rizal was born in 1861 in Calamba, Laguna to a wealthy family. He had a happy childhood but also faced injustice and tragedy. He received an excellent education in the Philippines, Spain, France, Germany and other parts of Europe where he studied medicine and other subjects. Rizal traveled extensively in Europe and Asia and was a member of the Propaganda Movement which advocated for reforms in the Philippines. He eventually returned to the Philippines and continued advocating for change, which led to his execution by the Spanish in 1896.
José Rizal was a Filipino nationalist and polymath during Spanish colonial rule in the late 19th century. He was a key member of the Filipino Propaganda Movement advocating for political reforms. He is considered one of the greatest heroes of the Philippines for his writings including two novels that inspired peaceful reform and revolution. Rizal received an excellent education both in the Philippines and abroad in Spain, France, Germany, and England where he distinguished himself as a polyglot skilled in both science and the arts. He had romantic relationships with Leonor Rivera, who inspired characters in his novels, and later Josephine Bracken, with whom he had a common law marriage before his execution by the Spanish in 1896.
Rizal chose to live in London for three years to improve his English, study Morga's book on Philippine history, and safely advance his fight against Spanish rule from abroad. He stayed with different families, including the Becketts, and befriended other Filipino exiles. In London, Rizal contributed articles to La Solidaridad supporting reforms, annotated Morga's book, and created sculptures, while also falling for one of his landlords' daughters before deciding to leave to focus on his goals.
Rizal traveled extensively through Europe, furthering his studies in ophthalmology and observing different cultures. He spent time in Paris, Heidelberg, Leipzig, and Berlin, making important connections with scientists and scholars. In Berlin especially, he immersed himself in the scientific community and published his first novel, Noli Me Tangere. However, Rizal experienced great poverty during the winter of 1886 in Berlin, surviving on only one meal a day until his brother Paciano raised money to support him.
Rizal traveled to Europe to study and prepare to liberate the Filipino people from Spanish tyranny. He lived in Madrid where he studied medicine and other subjects. He wrote articles criticizing the Spanish rule in the Philippines. Rizal then took a grand tour of Europe with a friend, visiting places like Germany, Austria, Switzerland, and Italy. He had a romantic relationship in Japan before traveling to the United States and London, where he continued writing and researching to support the Filipino cause.
Rizal was a Filipino polymath, novelist, poet, ophthalmologist, and political reformer during the Spanish colonial period of the Philippines. He was born in 1861 in Calamba, Laguna and was executed by firing squad at age 35 in what is now Rizal Park in Manila. He attended prestigious schools in the Philippines, then traveled to Spain and Europe for further education, becoming multi-lingual and earning several degrees. He wrote two novels, Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo, which criticized the Spanish colonial government and Catholic Church and stirred nationalist sentiment. Despite periods of exile, he continued advocating for reform through peaceful means. However, he was ultimately arrested, tried and
Rizal left Europe for Hong Kong after publishing El Filibusterismo due to political differences. In Hong Kong, he practiced as an ophthalmic surgeon and was reunited with family deported from Calamba. Rizal wrote articles criticizing Spanish rule and laid the basis for La Liga Filipina. Despite warnings, he returned to Manila to establish La Liga Filipina but was arrested on false charges and deported to Dapitan.
Ähnlich wie 04 - Rizal's Life: Higher Education and Life Abroad (Part 2) | Life and Works of Rizal (Slides) (20)
THE SACRIFICE HOW PRO-PALESTINE PROTESTS STUDENTS ARE SACRIFICING TO CHANGE T...indexPub
The recent surge in pro-Palestine student activism has prompted significant responses from universities, ranging from negotiations and divestment commitments to increased transparency about investments in companies supporting the war on Gaza. This activism has led to the cessation of student encampments but also highlighted the substantial sacrifices made by students, including academic disruptions and personal risks. The primary drivers of these protests are poor university administration, lack of transparency, and inadequate communication between officials and students. This study examines the profound emotional, psychological, and professional impacts on students engaged in pro-Palestine protests, focusing on Generation Z's (Gen-Z) activism dynamics. This paper explores the significant sacrifices made by these students and even the professors supporting the pro-Palestine movement, with a focus on recent global movements. Through an in-depth analysis of printed and electronic media, the study examines the impacts of these sacrifices on the academic and personal lives of those involved. The paper highlights examples from various universities, demonstrating student activism's long-term and short-term effects, including disciplinary actions, social backlash, and career implications. The researchers also explore the broader implications of student sacrifices. The findings reveal that these sacrifices are driven by a profound commitment to justice and human rights, and are influenced by the increasing availability of information, peer interactions, and personal convictions. The study also discusses the broader implications of this activism, comparing it to historical precedents and assessing its potential to influence policy and public opinion. The emotional and psychological toll on student activists is significant, but their sense of purpose and community support mitigates some of these challenges. However, the researchers call for acknowledging the broader Impact of these sacrifices on the future global movement of FreePalestine.
Elevate Your Nonprofit's Online Presence_ A Guide to Effective SEO Strategies...TechSoup
Whether you're new to SEO or looking to refine your existing strategies, this webinar will provide you with actionable insights and practical tips to elevate your nonprofit's online presence.
Andreas Schleicher presents PISA 2022 Volume III - Creative Thinking - 18 Jun...EduSkills OECD
Andreas Schleicher, Director of Education and Skills at the OECD presents at the launch of PISA 2022 Volume III - Creative Minds, Creative Schools on 18 June 2024.
How Barcodes Can Be Leveraged Within Odoo 17Celine George
In this presentation, we will explore how barcodes can be leveraged within Odoo 17 to streamline our manufacturing processes. We will cover the configuration steps, how to utilize barcodes in different manufacturing scenarios, and the overall benefits of implementing this technology.
Beyond Degrees - Empowering the Workforce in the Context of Skills-First.pptxEduSkills OECD
Iván Bornacelly, Policy Analyst at the OECD Centre for Skills, OECD, presents at the webinar 'Tackling job market gaps with a skills-first approach' on 12 June 2024
This presentation was provided by Rebecca Benner, Ph.D., of the American Society of Anesthesiologists, for the second session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session Two: 'Expanding Pathways to Publishing Careers,' was held June 13, 2024.
Level 3 NCEA - NZ: A Nation In the Making 1872 - 1900 SML.pptHenry Hollis
The History of NZ 1870-1900.
Making of a Nation.
From the NZ Wars to Liberals,
Richard Seddon, George Grey,
Social Laboratory, New Zealand,
Confiscations, Kotahitanga, Kingitanga, Parliament, Suffrage, Repudiation, Economic Change, Agriculture, Gold Mining, Timber, Flax, Sheep, Dairying,
7. Jose's primary goal in leaving for Europe
in 1882 was to complete his education.
8. However, he had a secret mission: to study European
cultures, laws, and governments for the eventual
liberation of the Philippines from Spanish rule.
9. Rizal's journey took him through several countries.
He arrived in Barcelona on June 16, 1882, after a
month and a half of travel.
10.
11. Since it was summer vacation in Barcelona when he arrived,
he was able to meet and socialize with acquaintances and
former classmates from the Ateneo.
12.
13. In 1882, Jose Rizal went to Madrid, following his
brother Paciano's advice to stay there for its
central location and educational opportunities.
14. In Madrid, Rizal swiftly
engaged by writing for
Diariong Tagalog under the
pseudonym Laong Laan.
His essay "El Amor Patrio"
(Love of Country) was
published on August 20, 1882.
15. This work focuses on the author's views on
the Philippines, depicting it as a cherished
homeland deserving love and protection.
22. Rizal family faced financial decline
due to crop failures and rising
rentals of Dominican hacienda
lands in their hometown.
23. As a result, the monthly
allowance that Rizal received
from the Philippines was
often delayed or not enough.
24. As a student in Spain, Rizal depended
on money from his brother Paciano.
He was advised not to work to stay
focused on his mission.
25. Rizal lived frugally, allocating most of his money to education.
At times, he attended classes hungry, sacrificing meals to
cover exam fees and purchase necessary books and tools.
26. In his free time, he visited museums, read books, and
walked around hungry, satisfying his appetite with the
aroma of food from restaurants and cafes.
27. On June 25, 1884, Rizal attended a banquet
celebrating the success of Filipino painters
Juan Luna and Felix Resurreccion Hidalgo at
the Exposición Nacional de Bellas Artes.
28. Luna's painting "Spoliarium" won a gold medal,
while Hidalgo's painting "Virgenes Cristianas
Expuestas al Populacho" won a silver medal.
29. At the banquet, Rizal gave a
speech that would make history.
30.
31. Rizal's speech was recorded by the reporters
who attended the banquet, and it was
published in the magazine "Los Dos Mundos."
32. Rizal gained fame overnight as supportive Spaniards lauded
his progressive speech on Filipino equality, and Filipinos
supporting the Propaganda Movement congratulated him.
33. Just as fame beckoned, Rizal found
out that his family was worried about
the impact of his "toast speech".
34.
35.
36. Despite the controversy caused by
his speech, Rizal continued his
studies for a doctorate in medicine.
37. He finished the coursework but failed to obtain
the Doctor's diploma due to a lack of thesis
submission and unpaid fees.
38. However, during Rizal's time, a licentiate was enough to
practice medicine. At the age of 24, José also finished
his licentiate in Philosophy and Letters in 1885.
39.
40. In November 1885, Rizal moved to Paris to specialize in
ophthalmology and worked as an assistant under Dr.
Louis de Wecker, a renowned French ophthalmologist.
41. As a result, Rizal significantly improved his skills in
conducting eye operations, diagnosing ailments,
and employing various eye surgery techniques.
42. Rizal also met up with his friends, including painter
Juan Luna and writer/medical student Maximo Viola.
43. During his stay with Luna, Rizal became a model
and posed for two historical paintings.
44. Also at this time, Rizal's novel Noli Me Tangere
was half-finished.
45.
46. Due to the high cost of living in Paris,
Rizal left for Germany in February 1886.
47. He arrived in Heidelberg, an old university town, and
worked as an assistant to Dr. Otto Becker, a renowned
German ophthalmologist at the University Eye Hospital.
48. Rizal mastered the techniques of diagnosing eye ailments
under Dr. Becker, which he had first learned from Dr. Wecker.
49. The program emphasized operations less, but Rizal's hands-on
experience in Paris made him one of Dr. Becker's top students.
50.
51. While studying in Germany, Rizal heard of an Austrian
scholar intrigued by the Philippines. Though unfamiliar,
the scholar was eager to learn more.
52. Eager to share his knowledge, Rizal wrote a letter
to the curious Austrian scholar Blumentritt, who
was studying the Tagalog language.
53. Blumentritt was delighted to receive Rizal's letter and
gift, and he reciprocated by sending Rizal two books.
54. Rizal and Blumentritt became close friends, and
they corresponded regularly for many years.
55.
56. In November 1886, Jose Rizal moved
to Berlin, Germany, aiming to explore
ophthalmology, German culture,
government, and meet scientists.
57. Rizal intended to publish
his novel, Noli Me Tangere,
but he was sick, sad, and
penniless.
His brother Paciano was
unable to send him his
monthly allowance due to
crop failures in Calamba.
58.
59. Learning of Rizal's troubles, Maximo Viola
lent him money for both his allowance and
the printing cost of "Noli Me Tangere."
60. In 1887, 2,000 copies of Noli Me Tangere
were distributed to Filipinos in Europe.
61. Bound copies were shipped to friends in Spain who smuggled
them into the Philippines disguised as merchandise.
62. With Viola, Rizal visited
different countries and his
spirit began to soar again.
63. Rizal took a ship from Marseilles and started home on July 5,
1887. He was finally ready to operate on his mother's cataracts.
65. The Propaganda Movement
In the late 19th century, a group of
young Filipino expatriates in Europe
sparked a movement for reform
and national consciousness.
66. The Propaganda Movement published its own newspaper,
La Solidaridad, which saw print every two weeks.
67. Graciano Lopez Jaena was the first editor,
and Marcelo H. del Pilar took over in late 1889.
68. Del Pilar managed the publication until the
newspaper folded due to lack of funds.
69. The Propaganda Movement
was an assimilationist movement that sought
to fully incorporate the Philippines into Spain.
70. They also wanted to empower the native
Filipino clergy and showcase Filipino
intellectual sophistication to the world.
71.
72. Jose Rizal returned to the Philippines in
August 1887 after five years of living abroad.
73. He was greeted by controversy. The Jesuits at the
Ateneo attempted to get him to return to his old faith.
74. There are friars who were resolute in silencing
Rizal, preaching against him in church and
publishing denouncing pamphlets.
75. Nevertheless, Rizal stayed busy in Calamba by establishing
a medical clinic, with his mother as his first patient.
76. On August 30, 1887, Rizal left Calamba for
Manila to meet with Governor-General Emilio
Terrero, a liberal-minded Spanish official.
77. After reading the novel, Terrero saw no issue with it.
Concerned for Rizal's safety, he assigned Lieutenant
Jose Taviel de Andrade for protection.
78. At about the same time, Terrero ordered an
investigation into the Calamba agrarian problems.
79. Rizal led the Calamba tenants' investigation,
presenting findings to Terrero that revealed
the friars' exploitation.
80. Furious with Rizal's findings, the
friars demanded Terrero to order
Rizal to leave the country.
84. Link to the video.
Editor’s Note: Due to its length and irrelevance to the topic,
Rizal's visits to Hong Kong, Japan, the USA, London, Paris, and
other countries are omitted from this slide.
You can still explore them further in my video on this topic (42:44)
or by searching the YouTube channel "Over the Academic Wall."
85.
86. In January 1890, Jose Rizal relocated to Brussels, Belgium,
seeking a more affordable and focused lifestyle away from
the high expenses and social distractions of Paris.
87. Rizal was troubled by reports that some Filipinos in Spain were
gambling too much, and he feared that this was giving the
friars ammunition to discredit the Propaganda Movement.
88. He urged Marcelo H. del Pilar to remind Filipinos
in Madrid that their purpose was not to gamble
but to strive for Philippine freedom.
89.
90.
91.
92. Rizal also learned that his family and relatives were evicted
from their Calamba land due to increased rents imposed
by the Dominican friars, making them refuse to pay.
93. He wrote a poem entitled "A Mi Musa" (To My Muse)
that was published on La Solidaridad to express his
disappointment and to call for justice.
94. Defending his family in court, Rizal tasted defeat.
The injustice fueled his fight for Filipino rights.
114. When Rizal heard about Pryer's plans for the British
colony, he suggested creating a Filipino colony in
North Borneo for the evicted Calamba tenants.
115. Pryer embraced Rizal's proposal. Together, they met the
governor of North Borneo to discuss leasing 5,000
acres, with an option to buy more for 950 years.
116. But there was a problem – the Calamba tenants
couldn't leave the Philippines without permission from
the Spanish Governor-General, Eulogio Despujol.
117. To address this, Rizal wrote to Despujol asking for permission
to change their nationality, sell their property in the
Philippines, and let those facing trouble leave the country.
118. Despujol got incensed and thought Rizal might
use the Filipino colony in North Borneo to start
a revolution against Spain.
119. Instead of replying directly, Despujol asked the
Spanish Consul in Hongkong to invite Rizal
back to Manila to discuss the matter.
120. Rizal's family and friends advised him to decline
Despujol's invitation, considering it a trap.
121. However, Rizal was resolute in his determination to
improve the lives of the evicted Calamba tenants.
122.
123.
124.
125. Rizal shall set foot once again upon the cherished land
of the Philippines, where destiny beckons him to weave
his final chapter, immersing himself in its embrace until
the final whispers of mortality claim him.
128. References:
• Encyclopedia Britannica. “Propaganda Movement,” 2020.
https://www.britannica.com/topic/Propaganda-Movement.
• “Episode 4: Rizal Abroad” (PODKAS, 2022),
https://www.podkas.org/rizal-on-air/rizal-abroad.
• Ladrido, Portia. “This Book Reveals 5 Things You Never Knew about
José Rizal.” CNN Philippines, 2018.
https://www.cnnphilippines.com/life/culture/literature/2018/10/5/jose
-rizal-andersen-tales.html.
• Mantle Magazine, https://www.mantlemagazine.com/.
• Nery, Imelda, and Paul John Sion. The Life and Works of Jose Rizal. 1st
ed. JTCA Publishing, 2019.
• Ocampo, Ambeth. “Rizal and His ‘Bff’: My Finds in Czechoslovakia.”
Inquirer, 2017. https://lifestyle.inquirer.net/261765/rizal-bff-finds-
czechoslovakia/.
• Pasigui, Ronnie Espergal, and Danilo Hipolito Cabalu. Jose Rizal: The
Man and the Hero: Chronicles, Legacies, and Controversies. 2nd ed.
C&E Publishing, 2014.
• Ramos, John Ray. Bayani Biographies: Jose Rizal. St. Matthew’s
Publishing Corporation, 2018.
• Religion and Public Life at Harvard Divinity School. “Propaganda
Movement, The,” n.d.
https://rpl.hds.harvard.edu/faq/propaganda-movement.
• Roces, Alejandro R. “The Art of Rizal.” Philstar, 2010.
https://www.philstar.com/opinion/2010/06/26/587431/art-
rizal.
• Rodis, Rodel. “Why Did Dr. Jose Rizal Return to the Philippines?”
Inquirer, 2014. https://globalnation.inquirer.net/114720/why-
did-dr-jose-rizal-to-return-to-manila.
• “The ‘Love-and-Hate’ Relationship of Jose Rizal And Marcelo
Del Pilar | OurHappySchool,” n.d.
https://ourhappyschool.com/history/love-and-hate-
relationship-jose-rizal-and-marcelo-del-pilar.
• Zaide, Gregorio, and Sonia Zaide. Jose Rizal : Life, Works, and
Writings of a Genius, Writer, Scientist, and National Hero. 2nd
ed. All-Nations, 1999.
youtube.com/@overtheacademicwall