2. Learn:
• Why you need to use references in your academic work
• What are references and citations
• The differences between quoting and paraphrasing
• How to create references on Library Search
• How to check that your references are correct
• Creating references using the Harvard style.
3. Why reference?
• Highlight and back-up relevant points and facts
• Demonstrate that you have read widely
• Give credit to the author/creator
• Achieve a better mark or grade
• Reader can locate original source used
• Avoid plagiarism.
Adapted from: https://www.citethemrightonline.com/Basics/what-is-referencing
4. How do I know which referencing style to use?
• Most students at Middlesex University are expected to use the Harvard
referencing style
• However some programmes such as engineering, psychology and law
use different styles
• Your module or programme handbook will tell you which style to use
• If you are not sure, ask you Module Leader or Student Learning
Assistant
• This guide covers Harvard.
5. What are citations and references?
Citations are used in the text of your essay and show the reader where you
have got your information or facts from i.e. from a book, journal article or
web page. They should be used whenever you quote or paraphrase
information in your work. There are two main ways of using citations in your
work.
References are located at the end of your essay (i.e. the reference list) and
will be an alphabetical list (by author) of all the items you have cited.
You can see examples of Harvard citations and reference lists on the
following slides.
6. Using citations and references (Harvard)
Citations:
According to Chapman and Dixon (2009) recent development in multimedia
technology have led to a ten-fold increase in the ownership of……….
Ownership of hand-held digital devices has increased ten-fold due to recent
developments in multimedia technology (Chapman and Dixon, 2009).
Reference list:
Arundal, T. (2016) ‘Ignore new technology at your peril’, The Guardian, 7 July.
Available at https://www.theguardian.com/media-network/2016/jul/07/ignore-new-
technology-at-your-peril (Accessed: 24 October 2018).
Chapman, N. and Dixon, J. (2009) Digital multimedia. 3rd edn. Chichester: John
Wiley.
Foster, B. (2017) Developments in multimedia. San Francisco: Addison-Wesley.
Wright, P. (2005) ‘Rapid prototyping in consumer product design’, Communications of
the ACM, 48(6), pp.36-41.
7. Quoting and Paraphrasing (Harvard)
Original text as found in a book:
The massive collection of data by the AML technologies that populate the
intelligent environment enables extensive profiling, which in turn is necessary to
deliver the benefits delivered by AML.
Quoted in your essay:
According to Hart, Smith and Wilson “the massive collection of data by the AML
technologies that populate the intelligent environment enables extensive
profiling, which in turn is necessary to deliver the benefits delivered by AML” (p.
437, 2008).
Paraphrased in your essay:
In order for AML technologies to perform correctly they must collect profiles. As
a result, it is necessary for them to collect a large amount of data (Hart, Smith
and Wilson, 2008).
Reference:
Hart, N., Smith, G. and Wilson, J. (2008) Technologies for fraud detection and
prevention. 3rd edn. Chichester: John Wiley.
8. Click on ‘Sign-in’,
choose ‘Middlesex
University’ and use
your University
email address and
IT password.
Create references with Library Search
myUniHub > My Study > My Library > Library Search
Search for information on Library Search.
Once you have a list of useful items you can
start to create references which you can use
in your academic work.
9. To create a reference…
…click on the quotation
mark (“” ) and select the
referencing style that you
require i.e. Harvard.
A reference is
created. ‘Copy’ the
reference into the
reference list in
your essay or
email it to yourself.
You MUST use Cite Them Right Online, to check that the reference created is correct. You
will probably need to make a few small changes. Access: myUniHub > MyStudy > MyLibrary
> Databases > C > Cite Them Right Online. See example on next slide.
10. Ashby, M. F. and Johnson, K. (2010) Materials and design. 2nd edn. Amsterdam: Butterworth-
Heinemann.
Book reference created by Library Search (Harvard)
Book reference corrected using Cite Then Right (Harvard)
Ashby, Michael F. & Johnson, Kara., 2010 Materials and design. 2nd ed., Amsterdam:
Butterworth- Heinemann
References created on Library Search need a few
changes to make them perfect.
Journal article reference created by Library Search (Harvard)
Wright, Paul, Rapid prototyping in consumer product design. Communications of the
ACM, 2005 vol.48 No. 6, pp.36–41.
Journal article reference corrected using Cite Then Right (Harvard)
Wright, P. (2005) ‘Rapid prototyping in consumer product design’,
Communications of the ACM, 48(6), pp.36–41.
11. Other ways to create references
It is often possible to create references on other
resources such as Google Scholar and journal
databases. Always check that your references are
correct using Cite Them Right Online (next slide).
12. Cite Them Right Online
myUniHub > My Study > My Library > Databases > C
Use Cite Them
Right to ensure
your references are
correct.
Choose the type of information that
you need to reference and then
select the reference style e.g.
Harvard.
13. Ward, P. (2008) Database management
systems. 2nd edn. Clifton Park:
Cengage.
Title
Author Date
Edition
Publisher Place of publication
This is how to reference a book (Harvard)
14. Mori, G., Paterno, F. and Santoro, C. (2002) ‘CTTE: Support for
developing and analyzing task models for interactive system
design’, IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering, 28(8),
pp.797-813.
Volume/number
Author(s) Title of article
Date
Pages
This is how to reference a journal article (Harvard):
Title of journal
15. Web page with organisation as author
National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (2019) Antenatal care for
uncomplicated pregnancies. Clinical guideline (CG62). Available at:
https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/cg62 (Accessed: 19 February 2019).
Title of web page
Author Date
URL Date when accessed
This is how to reference web pages (Harvard)
Web page with individual author(s)
Burton, P.A. (2012) Castles of Spain. Available at:
http://www.castlesofspain.co.uk/ (Accessed: 14 October 2018).
Author Date Title of web page
URL Date when accessed
16. Referencing top tips
• Create references using Library Search
• Use Cite Them Right Online
• Be consistent
Hinweis der Redaktion
Highlight and back-up relevant points and facts that you have made in your assignment (i.e. establish the credibility and authority of your ideas and arguments) by quoting, paraphrasing or summarising from the original text.
Demonstrate that you have read widely on the subject by providing evidence of your research
Give credit to the original author/creator i.e. Distinguish between your own ideas and opinions and those of others.
Achieve a better mark or grade: marks are often awarded for the accuracy of your references.
Enable the reader (your tutor) to locate the original material you used.
Avoid plagiarism.
Quoting:
Use when the original wording conveys the idea perfectly
Use author’s exact words
Put “quotation marks” around the author’s words
Refer to the author in text and include book/journal in reference list
Paraphrasing:
Present the author’s ideas in your own words
Still need to refer to the author….the words are yours, but the idea is theirs
Everyone do a search and try creating some references.
Bits that needed changing are highlighted in colour.
