1. DIARRHEA
Nini Johanna Calderon
Tatiana Chaves Moncayo
Patrick Daniel Marisancen

2. Diarrhea is the second leading cause of mortality and
morbidity in the world after pneumonia among children under
five globally.
Globally, there are about two billion cases of diarrheal disease
every year.
Nearly one in five child deaths, about 1.5 million each year, is
due to diarrhea.
Today only 39 per cent of children with diarrhea in developing
countries receive the recommended treatment, and limited
trend data suggest that there has been little progress since
2000.
DIARRHEA A PUBLIC HEALTH
CONCERN

3. Diarrhea is defined by the World Health
Organization as having 3 or more loose or liquid
stools per day, or as having more stools than is
normal for that person.
Diarrhea is usually a symptom of an infection in the
intestinal tract, which can be caused by a variety of
bacterial, viral and parasitic organisms.
People of all ages can get diarrhea, but it is more
common in children below five years of age.
WHAT IS DIARRHEA?

4. TYPES OF DIARRHEA
Acute watery
diarrhea.
Acute bloody
diarrhea.
Persistent diarrhea.

5. CAUSES OF DIARRHEA

6.  Viral Infections
Rota virus
Norovirus (Adults)
Adenovirus types 40 and 41
Astroviruses
 Parasitic Infections
Giardia and Entamoeba histolytica
1. Organisms involved…
 Bacterial Infections
Escherichia coli
Salmonellae
Shigellae
Campylobacter
Vibrio cholera
Clostridium difficile

7. 2. Sources of infection…
 Poor Personal Hygiene
 Improper Sanitation Contaminated
 Water and Food
 Systemic Infections
Urinary tract infection
Pneumonia
Otitis media
Meningitis
Septicaemia

8. 3. Non infectious…
 Malabsorption
Cystic fibrosis,
Coeliac disease
 Food Intolerance or Allergy
Lactose Intolerance,
Cow's milk Protein Allergy
 Drug induced- Antibiotics
 Inflammation
Ulcerative colitis
Crohn's disease
 Surgical Conditions
Appendicitis
Intussusception
Partial bowel obstruction
 Other rare conditions
Haemolytic-uraemic syndrome
Pseudomembranous colitis
Toddler diarrhoea

9. SYMPTOMS AND SIGNS

10. May or may not be otherwise unwell
A mild stomach upset for a day or two with
slight diarrhea,
To severe watery diarrhea for several days
or longer.
Blood or mucus.
Crampy pains in the abdomen.
Pains may ease each time some
diarrhea is passed.
Vomiting, high temperature, aching limbs
and headache may also develop.

11.  Bacterial bowel infection
COMPLICATIONS
 Dehydration
 Infections

12.  Rehydration ORS
 Continued Feeding Zinc
Supplements
 Consulting a Health worker if there
are signs of Dehydration
TREATMENT

13. Water, sanitation and hygiene programmes
Nutrition
Breast
Feeding Micronutrient supplementation
Immunization
PREVENTION

14.  Treatment Package
Fluid replacement to prevent dehydration
Zinc treatment
 Prevention Package
Rotavirus and measles VACCINATION
PROMOTION of early and exclusive breastfeeding and
vitamin A supplementation
Promotion of HAND WASHING with soap
IMPROVED drinking water supply quantity and quality
including treatment and safe storage of household water
COMMUNITY-wide SANITATION promotion
PLAN
CONTROL AND PREVENTION
OF DIARRHEA