Covers the information in VA SOL USII.7.

1. World War II SOL USII.7 Lisa Pennington Social Studies Instructional Specialist Portsmouth Public Schools

2. Vocabulary Totalitarian: type of government in which the state has control of all the citizens and no opposition is allowed. Fascism: political movement that stresses allegiance to the country/leader. It began in the 1920’s in Italy by Benito Mussolini. Individual freedoms are denied. Inflation: rise in prices resulting from an increase in the amount of money or a decrease in the amount of goods for sale.

3. WWII Background Info Political and economic conditions in Europe following World War I led to the rise of fascism and to World War II. The rise of fascism threatened peace in Europe and Asia. What is fascism? Fascism is a political movement that stresses allegiance to the country/leader and was started in the 1920s in Italy by Mussolini.

4. Causes of World War II Political instability and economic devastation in Europe resulting from World War I. Worldwide depression. High war debt owed by Germany. High inflation. Massive unemployment.

5. Rise of Fascism Fascism is a political philosophy in which total power is given to a dictator and individual freedoms are denied. Fascist dictators included Adolf Hitler, Benito Mussolini, and Hideki Tojo. These dictators led the countries that became known as the Axis powers. http://www.solarnavigator.net/history/explorers_history/Adolf_Hitler_walking_out_of_Brow

6. Axis Powers The fascist dictators included Adolf Hitler of Germany. http://www.solarnavigator.net/history/explorers_history/Adolf_Hitler_walking_out_of_Brow

7. Axis Powers Benito Mussolini of Italy. http://cache.eb.com/eb/image?id=9891&rendTypeId=4

8. Axis Powers Hideki Tojo of Japan. These three men led the countries known as the Axis Powers. http://www.ibiblio.org/hyperwar/USA/USA-P-Strategy/img/USA-P-Strategy-18.jpg

9. Axis Powers Germany Japan Italy

10. Allies Democratic nations were known as the Allies. The Allies included the United States. http://www.smartraveller.gov.au/zwiki/images/regions/maps/jpeg/United_States_of_America.jpg

11. Allies Great Britain

12. Allies Canada http://www.tailor-made.co.uk/media/uploads/74/large_canada_map.jpg

13. Allies The Soviet Union joined the Allies after being invaded by Germany. http://www.allcountries.org/maps/soviet_union_map_2.jpg

14. Allies Allied leaders included Franklin D. Roosevelt and later Harry S. Truman. (United States.) http://www.whitehouse.gov/sites/default/files/first-family/masthead_image/32fr_header_sm.jpg?1250884571 http://www.whitehouse.gov/sites/default/files/first-family/masthead_image/33ht_header_sm.jpg?1250884801

15. Allies Winston Churchill. (Great Britain.) http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/literature/laureates/1953/churchill.jpg

16. Allies Joseph Stalin (Soviet Union.) http://www.pbs.org/behindcloseddoors/tmp_assets/stalin-bio.jpg

17. Allies The “Big Three” at the Potsdam Conference in 1945. Why do you think Churchill, Truman, and Stalin were called the “Big Three?” http://newsimg.bbc.co.uk/media/images/41307000/jpg/_41307179_potsdam238.jpg

18. Allies Canada Great Britain Soviet Union United States

19. Which countries made up the Axis Powers? Germany Japan Italy

20. Which countries made up the Allies? Canada Soviet Union Great Britain United States

22. Vocabulary Neutrality Acts: the U.S. Congress prohibited the sale of weapons to the Allies and Axis Powers (1935). Cash and carry policy: the U.S. allowed warring nations to purchase arms provided they paid for them in cash and transported them in their ships (1939).

23. Vocabulary Destroyers for bases trade: President Roosevelt gave 50 destroyers to Great Britain in exchange for 99 year leases on naval and air bases in the British West Indies (1940).

24. As conflict grew in Europe and Asia, American foreign policy evolved from neutrality to direct involvement. What is neutral? Why do you think America tried to remain neutral?

25. Gradual change in American policy from neutrality to involvement Isolationism (Great Depression, legacy of World War I)

26. Gradual change in American policy from neutrality to involvement Economic aid to the Allies What kind of economic aid did the US provide?

27. Gradual change in American policy from neutrality to involvement Direct involvement in the war after the bombing of Pearl Harbor on Dec 7th, 1941. http://z.about.com/d/history1900s/1/0/0/R/wwiip137.jpg

28. War in the Pacific Rising tension developed between the United States and Japan because of Japanese aggression in East Asia. http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://cache.viewimages Japanese kamikaze pilots in a field drinking ceremonial sake before taking off. Kamikazes were an elite group sworn to make a suicidal crash into an enemy target.

29. War in the Pacific On December 7, 1941, Japan attacked the United States at Pearl Harbor without warning. Japan launching their attack. View from Japanese planes as they attack Pearl Harbor. http://www.history.navy.mil/photos/images/g40000/g40056.jpg

30. War in the Pacific The United States declared war on Japan. President Roosevelt signs a declaration of war on Japan on December 8, 1941. http://content.answers.com/main/content/wp

31. War in the Pacific Germany declared war on the United States right after the United States declared war on Japan. http://www.meredith.edu/summer-reading/roosevelt/images/411212DecofWarGerItal.jpg

32. Vocabulary Battle of Britain: massive bombing by planes of Great Britain by Germany. Baltic countries: Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania. V-E Day: Germany surrendered in 1945; Victory in Europe. V-J Day: Japan signs surrender in 1945; Victory in Japan.

33. Vocabulary Anti-Semitism: prejudice towards the Jewish people. Aryan supremacy: Hitler’s belief that the Germans were a master race superior to all other races and cultures. Holocaust: Hitler’s systematic program to exterminate the Jews in Europe.

34. Major events and turning points of World War II Germany invaded Poland in 1939, setting off war in Europe. The Soviet Union also invaded Poland and the Baltic nations. What were the Baltic countries? Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania http://www.ucc.uconn.edu/~ww2oh/Timeline.htm The aftermath of the German invasion of Poland.

35. Major events and turning points of World War II Germany invaded France, capturing Paris. German troops march toward the Arc de Triomphe in Paris. http://www.ucc.uconn.edu/~ww2oh/paris.jpg

36. Major events and turning points of World War II Germany bombed London and the Battle of Britain began. World War Two Battle of Britain replicas. http://www.mod.uk/NR/rdonlyres/1E418B90-D1D7-42E6-969E-886AA3B2ADD8/0/BBMF1.jpg

37. Major events and turning points of World War II The U.S. gave Britain war supplies and old naval warships in return for military bases in Bermuda and the Caribbean. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Sherman_M4_%28Airborne_Museum%29_02.JPG Most M4A4 Sherman Vs were Lend-Leased to allies.

38. Major events and turning points of World War II Japan bombed Pearl Harbor and then Germany declared war on the U.S. How do you think Americans felt after the bombing of Pearl Harbor? A few years ago, what did many people compare Pearl Harbor to? http://www.greatdreams.com/war/pearl-harbor-attack2.jpg http://www.aviation-history.com/airmen/pearl-harbor2a.jpg

39. Major events and turning points of World War II The United States declared war on Japan and Germany. http://www.historylink.org/db_images/timesph.JPG http://www.archives.gov/education/lessons/day-of-infamy/images/infamy-address-1.gif The first draft of Franklin Roosevelt’s war address to Congress.

40. Major events and turning points of World War II The U.S. was victorious over Japan in the Battle of Midway. This victory was a turning point because the U.S. gained control of the Pacific Ocean. http://www.history.navy.mil/photos/images/g10000/g17056.jpg

41. Major events and turning points of World War II Germany invaded the Soviet Union. The Soviet Union defeated Germany in Stalingrad, marking the turning point of the war in Eastern Europe. http://cache.viewimages.com/xc/71986845.jpg?v=1

42. Major events and turning points of World War II American and Allied troops landed in Normandy, France, on D-Day to begin the liberation of Western Europe. http://newsbusters.org/static/2007/06/2007-06-06D-Day.jpg

43. D-Day Landings

44. Major events and turning points of World War II The U.S. dropped two atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki in 1945, forcing Japan to surrender and ending WWII. Do you think President Truman was right to drop the Atomic bombs on Japan? Why or why not? http://www.cfo.doe.gov/me70/manhattan/images/HiroshimaCloudLarge.gif

45. Major events and turning points of World War II Despite initial Axis success in both Europe and the Pacific, the Allies persevered and ultimately defeated Germany and Japan. http://www.robertedselblog.com/wp-content/uploads/2006/08/Peace%20from%20Waterloo%20Daily%20Courier.jpg

46. What was the Holocaust? The Holocaust was Hitler’s systematic program to exterminate the Jews in Europe. The Holocaust is an example of prejudice and discrimination taken to an extreme. It combined anti-Semitism and Aryan supremacy in an attempt to rid Europe of all Jews.

47. Tactics of the Holocaust Boycott (refusal to buy goods and services of Jewish stores; threats, segregation, imprisonment and killing of Jews and others in concentration camps. http://www.haaretz.com/hasite/images http://www.couragetocare.com.au/SiteMedia/w3svc006/Uploads/Ig

48. Tactics of the Holocaust Jews and others in concentration camps were liberated by Allied troops. Slave laborers at Buchenwald after liberation, showing the effects of Nazi cruelty. Included in this photo is Elie Wiesel, future Nobel Peace Prize recipient, pictured in the second row of bunks, seventh from the left, next to the vertical beam. (Photo credits: U.S. National Archives)

49. Vocabulary Rosie the Riveter: a song about a woman defense plant worker; nickname for the thousands of women who took jobs in defense plants during the war. Fair Employment Practices Committee: enforced the executive order of President Roosevelt that prohibited racial discrimination in defense plants.

50. Vocabulary Bracero: Mexican farm workers were allowed to temporarily enter the U.S. and work by a 1942 treaty. Internment camp: Japanese Americans were forced to live in camps across the U.S. and were segregated from society.

51. The War at Home World War II affected every aspect of American life. Americans were asked to make sacrifices in support of the war effort and the ideas for which we fought.

52. American support of the war effort at home American involvement in World War II brought an end to the Great Depression. Factories and workers were needed to produce goods to win the war. http://www.motorbooks.com/Store/UserDirs/motorbooks.com/coverimages/140274.jpg http://www.entnet.org/images/contributions_torpedo.jpg Workers show off a torpedo made at a factory in Alexandria, VA.

53. American support of the war effort at home Thousands of American women took jobs in defense plants during the war (i.e., Rosie the Riveter). http://imagecache2.allposters.com/images/pic/g http://www.ohiohistorycentral.org/images/1333.jpg

54. American support of the war effort at home Americans at home supported the war by conserving and rationing resources. WWII ration coupons for gasoline. http://www.nps.gov/pwro/collection/website/rationing.htm

55. The effect of WWII on race relations Need for workers temporarily broke down racial barriers (i.e., hiring in defense plants). http://www.archives.gov/research/african-americans/ww2-pictures/images/african-americans-wwii-259.jpg

56. The effect of WWII on race relations Discrimination against African Americans continued. http://www.historycooperative.org/journals/jah/91.1/images/sugrue_fig02b.jpg

57. The effect of WWII on race relations Many Japanese Americans served in the war, but others were treated with distrust and prejudice and many were forced into internment camps. What is an internment camp? Camps where Japanese Americans were forced to live, and where they were kept segregated from society. http://www.colorado.gov/dpa/doit/archives/wwcod/image8-2.gif http://www.ohs.org/education/focus_on_oregon_history/images/35971327.jpg