Tugas Epidemiologi Kespro : Gangguan Reproduksi pada Pekerja

1. Occupational and Environmental
Hazards on Reproductive and
Development
by:
Siska Fiany G1B011006
Annissa Mufy E. S. G1B011030
Herdy Setya A. G1B011058
Vasha Ramadhani G1B011080

2. Overview
Research in China, said that 130
factory workers plastics industry in china who
are exposed to Bisphenol A (BPA) has
decreased sperm counts than 88 workers
are not exposed to BPA. The workers who
are exposed to direct contact with items
containing BPA every day. The small number
of sperm will lead to infertility.

3. Literature review
 What Are Reproductive Hazards?
Substances that affect the ability to have healthy children are called
reproductive hazards.Radiation, many chemicals, drugs (legal and illegal),
cigarettes, and heat are examples of reproductive hazards.
 WHAT MAY PUT ME AT RISK?
 PHYSICAL AGENTS : Ionizing radiation, Nonionizing radiation, Visual
Display Terminals (VDT’s), physical work, heat, noise
 Chemical agets: Bisphenol A, Phthalates, perfluorinated, and Cadmium.
 Workers may be exposed to reproductive hazards by:
 breathing them in (inhalation),
 contact with skin (dermal)
 swallowing them (ingestion).
 The range of potential adverse outcomes depends on at least three key
factors:
 The chemical and/or physical properties of the agent of concern,
 The dose to which an individual is exposed, and
 The timing of the exposure.

4. Con’t….
Infertility  is typically defined as the inability to
achieve pregnancy after one year of unprotected
intercourse.
Male infertility can be caused by: Number of sperm,
Sperm shape, Sperm transfer, sexual performance,
sperm chromosomes, pregnancy.

5. Discusssion
 130 pekerja yang terpapar BPA bersentuhan langsung dengan
barang-barang yang mengandung BPA. BPA masuk ke dalam
tubuh pekerja melalui pencernaan. Akibat kontak dengan BPA
pekerja mengalami penurunan jumlah sperma. Menurut lee
2009, paparan BPA menimbulkan efek pada laki-laki berupa
disfungsi seksual seperti penurunan jumlah sperma yang
muncul dalam jangka waktu tertentu. BPA mengganggu
fungsi kerja endokrin dengan memproduksi lebih sedikit
hormon androgen.
 Mendiola said effect on the male reproductive system may be
cumulative and not easily reversible. Batstone also tell that
Some reproductive hazards can stop or slow the actual
production of sperm. This means that there will be fewer sperm
present to fertilize an egg; if no sperm are produced, the man
is sterile. If the hazard prevents sperm from being made, sterility
is permanent.

6. Con’t…
Pencegahan terjadinya paparan BPA pada
pekerja pabrik di china bisa dilakukan oleh:
1. Pihak industry: Health education and
decreased chemical exposure.
2. Pekerja: increas hygiene personality,
Avoid contact with chemicals agent
(BPA), Use of personal protective
equipment, etc.

7. Conclusion
Case in this paper about 130 factory workers in
china which decreased sperm count due to exposure to
chemical BPA (Bisphenol A) in the workplace. BPA is one of
the chemicals that act as endocrine disruptors as well as
changing the normal hormone function and regulation.
These chemicals work as female sex hormones, namely
estrogen and disrupt the hormone androgen. Likewise with
reproductive hormones in men can be so disturbed
function becomes abnormal hormone produced.
Exposure to Bisphenol A if not prevented and controlled
with good will can cause infertility in men. The occurrence
of reproductive disruption experienced workers terganung
on 3 factors: the nature of the chemical and / or physical
agent exposure, exposure dose and exposure time.