Alternative Teaching Strategies in AP

umero Uno sa Kalidad na Edukasyon
at Serbisyo para sa Batang
Presented to the teachers of
DepEd Bacoor City
September 18, 2019
Presented by:
Arnel O. Rivera
Faculty Member
BNHS-Villa Maria
http://www.slideshare.net/sirarnelPHhistory
Alternative Teaching
Strategies in AP
ProjectSocialStudiesTeachersAdvancementin
InstructionalLearning (S2TrAIL)

Objectives:
• In this learning session, the
participants should be able:
• To give the participants an overview of the
problem and its possible causes;
• To review the participants on the objectives
of the K-12 curriculum inAP;
• To acquaint the participants on how to
select and develop the most effective
strategies in teaching AP.

OUTLINE:
Reading Diet
Introduction
Attributes of a K-12 Teacher
Desired Learning Competencies (DLC) in AP
Strategies in Teaching Araling Panlipunan
Workshop
Wrap-up

For every problem
there is a solution. If
you are not part ofthe
solution, then you are
part of the PROBLEM.
Chinkee Tan
Chink Positive

Introduction:
• TEACHING IS ONE of the professions that
can bring about something great if right
ideas and beliefs are implemented in the
classroom. In many cases, the true purpose
of teaching is not actually to memorize facts,
but to lead students to understand and
apply the concepts being presented.

HISTORY is a boringsubject!!!
Only 12% of high school seniors were considered
proficient in History by the NationalAssessmentof
EducationalProgress’(NAEP). (Foley,2016)

HISTORY is irrelevant!!!
• Studies show that middle and high school
students believe history is the most
irrelevant subject.
-8/12/2015 Bell Ringer

HISTORY is irrelevant!!!
• In the University of the Philippines at Los
Baños, Philippine history as a subject was
abolished a few years ago because,
according to some students, the authorities
of the college felt the subject to be
irrelevant, and it was irrelevant because the
teachers taught nothing but dates,
something which the students abhor (hate).
History as Humanistic Studies
Teodoro Agoncillo
The Manila Review December 13, 1977

Relevance of History
• History is a subject that invariably carries
the burden of civic education and
nation building.
- Marshall Tamuka Maposa cited by
John Ray Ramos, 2019

Use of History
• “[History] can go beyond the
entertaining, inspirational, descriptive
and informative. It can also be critical,
educational and prescriptive.”
• “History is the source of IDEAS”
- Gray,2010 cited by Ramos,2019

Why IDEAS Matter?
IDEAS
Beliefs
Values
DECISIONS
Actions
Habits
OUR
SOCIETY

HISTORY
becomes boring
because
TEACHERS
make it boring.

Learning is relevant when the
student:
• understands how this information or skill
has some application in their life.
• has an opportunity to follow their own
process rather than just learn “the facts”.
• is not just learning content and skills,but
is reflecting on their work and their
progress as learners.
- Peter Pappas (2007) The Student as Historian

Attributes
of a K-12
Teacher

Attributes of a K-12Teacher
1. Multi-literate
• Teachers know how to use various
technologies in teaching.
2. Multi-specialist
• Teachers are not only knowledgeable in
the subject area they are teaching but in
other areas as well so that they can help
the learner build up what they gain in
classrooms and outside the school and
make sense of what was learned.

Attributes of a K-12Teacher
3. Multiskilled
• Teachers must be skillful not just in
teaching but also in facilitating,
organizing groups and activities.
4. Self-directed
• Teachers must know how to initiate
action and bring to fruition the learning
goals of the students and the
educational goals of the country.

Desired Learning Competencies
(DLC) in AralingPanlipunan
•Pagsisiyasat
•Pagsusuri at interpretasyon
•Pananaliksik
•Komunikasyon
•Pagtupad sa pamantayang pang-
etika

A thousand teachers,
a thousand methods.
- Chinese Proverb

TEACHING STRATEGY
vs
TEACHING TECHNIQUE

TEACHING STRATEGY
• It is a long term plan of action
designed to achieve a particular
goal.
TEACHING TECHNIQUE
• It is a well-defined procedure
used to accomplish a specific
activity or task.

Factors to consider in the choice
of TeachingStrategy
•Instructional Objectives
•The nature of the subject
matter
•The Learners
•The Teachers
•School Policies

GUIDING PRINCIPLES
(del Rosario,2014)
Effective teaching of AP and EsP is
characterized as:
•Meaningful
•Integrative
•Value–based
•Challenging
•Active

Meaningful
• It is meaningful when students see the
relevance and connection of their lesson
to their lives because it has real–world
application. It also becomes meaningful
when students are challenged to use
disciplined inquiry or use high–order
thinking skills to construct meaning.
• It is meaningful when learning is
authentic.

Integrative
• The subject itself is an integration of several
interrelated disciplines–history, economics,
geography, political science, sociology,
anthropology, archeology and psychology.
• It is sensitive to and integrates multiple
intelligences and learning styles of students.
• It integrates cognitive skills required in other
disciplines as it provides opportunities for
students to conduct inquiry, develop and display
data, synthesize findings, and make judgments.

Value-based
• Powerful and effective AP/EsP teaching is
value driven because its intended outcomes
the development of the mamamayang
maka-diyos, makalikasan, makabansa at
makatao.
• Students learn democracy by experiencing
democracy right there in the classroom.

Value-based
• It’s lessons are full with value–laden
concerns and issues where students listen
to competing arguments, assess the merits
of competing arguments and make informed
and value-based decisions.

Active
• It requires students to process and think
about what they are learning. Active learning
is "hands-on-minds-on-hearts-on".
• Students work individually or
collaboratively, using rich and varied
sources, to reach understandings, make
decisions, discuss issues and solve
problems.

Active
• Students interact teachers by asking
and answering questions as teachers
explain.
• Students also interact with learning
materials.

Challenging
• Learning task should neither be too
easy to bore the students nor too
difficult to discourage them.
• Teachers should know their students more
than anything else and so are in the best
position to determine when the learning
task are neither too easy nor too difficult.

Types of Strategies According to Scope
• Isahang Pagkatuto
(Individualized Instruction)
• Pangkatang Pagkatuto
(Group Instruction)

Types of StrategiesAccording to
Learning Modality
• visual (nakikita)
• auditory (naririnig)
• tactile (nahihipo)
• kinesthetic (nasasakilos o naiisagawa)

The more senses that are involved in learning, the
more and the better the learning.

Suggested
Strategies in
Teaching
History

Teaching with Documents
Document Based Query(DBQ)
• Developed by Peter Pappas
• Documents (whether visual or
textual) are presented to the
students for analysis.
• Students are provided guide
questions in analyzing the
documents.

Text
Structure
Description Cue Words
Description
Describes a topic by listing
characteristics, features, and
examples
for example,
characteristics are
Comparison
Explains how two or more
things are alike and/or how
they are different.
different; in contrast;
alike; same as; on the
other hand
Cause / effect
Lists one or more causes and
the resulting effect or effects.
reasons why; if...then; as
a result; therefore;
because
Problem /
Solution
States a problem and lists one
or more solutions for the
problem.
problem is; dilemma is;
puzzle is solved;
question... answer
Sequence
Lists items or events in
numerical or chronological
order.
first, second, third; next;
then; finally

There is no correct answer.
• Let students share their
opinions.
• Student are using docs to
explore a full range of
higher order skills:
• analyzing photo
elements,
• evaluating what’s
important (to them) and
• creating a rationale
to be shared (and
defended) with peers.

Historic thinking
is higher order thinking
• Creating -generating new ideas
• Evaluating - justifying a decision or choice
• Analyzing - breaking into component parts
• Applying - using information in a new
setting
• Understanding - explaining idea or concept
• Remembering - recalling information

Analyze the document based on
the following guide questions:
What do you see?
• What people, objects
and activities do you
see?
• What are they doing?
• What are the
expressions on their
faces?
What do you think?
• Why do you think the
image was created?
• What do you already
know about the time
period being depicted?
• Does anything in this
image relate to your
personal experience?

Using Multi-media in
Educational Settings

What is Multi-Media?
• Multi-media is a medium of instruction
which incorporates the use of sound,
pictures and words.

• Films are an excellent supplement to the
classroom. It helps students to think
critically about the topic and to engage in
meaningful class discussion.

Tips for Effective Film Viewing
• View the film prior to showing it to class.
Consider the following questions as you
view the film.
• Does the content merit the lesson?
• How does it relate the course material?
• Are there portions of the film that can be
skipped.
• Is there any offensive portion contained in
the material?

• Provide the students with vocabulary
and names that they will encounter in
the clip.
• Always watch the film with the class.
• Provide a framework for viewing the
film. Give the students a set of
questions to consider when watching
the film.

• After viewing, summarize the main
points of the film with the students.
Facilitate the discussion that will make
the connection between the film, the
lesson and their actual life.

Recreation of Historic Events

Attitude Towards Teaching
Philippine History
• Philippine History teachers must have
needed attitudes to motivate and
influence their students. This is very vital
in teaching not only in Philippine History
but in any other subjects for that matter.
When teachers believe in the subject
they are teaching, it reflects on how they
deliver the lesson.
- Lopez (2012)

These attitudes include the
following:
• Satisfaction in teaching Philippine History
• Belief that the value of nationalism can
be promoted in studying Philippine
History
• Promotion of Filipino values in teaching
Philippine History
• Helps the students appreciate more our
Filipino heritage as he/she teaches
Philippine History

There is no such thingas
best teaching strategy .
The best strategy is theone
works, the one that yields the
BEST results.
Things to Remember:

Let our KNOWLEDGE be
of servicenot only for the
attainment of our goals
but alsofor
the benefit of
OTHERS.
-Lyceum of the Philippines University Prayer

References:
• Reyes, L.M. (2013) 10 Essential Strategies of an
Effective Teacher, Retrived Oct.19, 2017 from
http://ourhappyschool.com/ap-social-studies/10-
essential-strategies-effective-teacher
• del Rosario, H. (2014) Teaching Araling Panlipunan -
Principles of Teaching |authorSTREAM, Retived Oct. 19,
2017 from
http://www.authorstream.com/Presentation/hark257649-
2626936-teaching-araling-panlipunan-principles/
• Bartolome, M.A. (2013) Mga estratehiya sa pagtuturo ng
araling panlipunan, Retrived Oct.19, 2017 from
https://www.slideshare.net/sidapa/mga-estratehiya-sa-
pagtuturo-ng-araling-panlipunan

References:
• Flores R. (2014) Selection & use of teaching strategies &
different approaches, Retrived Oct.19, 2017 from
https://www.slideshare.net/jaezek1804/selection-use-of-
teaching-strategies-different-approaches
• justindoliente (2014) Principles of Teaching:Different
Methods and Approaches, Retived Oct. 19, 2017 from
https://www.slideshare.net/justindoliente/principles-of-
teaching-33070911
• Foley D. (2016) Why Knowing the Past is Important,
Retived Oct. 23, 2017 from
http://www.intellectualtakeout.org/blog/why-knowing-
past-important

References:
• Lopez, M. D. (2012) Correlates of the Achievement in
Philippine History of First Year College Nursing Students,
Retrieved Sept. 17, 2019 from https://www.sanbeda-
alabang.edu.ph/bede/images/researchpublication/UGON
G/Ugong_Volume_5_Number_1_Dec._2012-48.pdf

For questions , comments or if you want
to download this file, log-on to:
www.slideshare.net/sirarnelPHhistory

Alternative Teaching Strategies in AP

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