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1. Media Effects

2. Hypodermic Model
The Hypodermic model is a model of communications, suggesting that
an intended message is directly received and wholly accepted by the
receiver. For example, if we get an opinion from someone who is highly
respected and established, we accept their opinion immediately of
being correct and accept the opinion. Furthermore, if their opinion
changes our opinion will therefore also change.
This relates to the Descent by fact that the bone breaking scene
changes our opinion upon on it. This is shown in the Descent when
Holy breaks her leg when carelessly running ion the cave. Also, we
accept and take in the bone breaking scene, therefore this alters and
changes our opinions and perceptions upon this. For example, if we
see this in reality our opinions and perceptions would be different than
before and would not react in the same way.

3. Two-Step Flow Model
The Two-step model is a model which says that most people form their opinions
under the influence of opinion leaders, who in turn are influenced by the mass
media. For example, if someone we respect and know to generally to be right
without question, we will take their opinion to be correct and truthful, even
tough they got their opinion from someone else's opinion. We will get
influenced by these key people to believe it to be right.
This relates to the Descent by the the director, Neil Marshall, this relates
through him because we accept his representation of women in the movie
without question. For example, we accept women to be empowering and self
confident, as shown and presented in the Descent to be.

4. Uses and Gratifications Model
The uses and gratifications model is an approach to understanding
why and how people actively seek out specific media to satisfy
specific needs. Furthermore, the Uses and Gratifications model is an
audience centered approach to understanding mass communication.
For example, if we are given an opinion or answer we will question
the correctness of the answer and want a justification why that is so.
This relates to the Descent, as women are represented as an idea that
they are backstabbing and violent. This representation is shown when
Juno is perceived to be having an affair with Sarah’s husband and later
on in the movie Sarah stabs her in the leg, putting their years of
friendship behind them. The violent representation of women are
shown when in the movie they fight of the crawlers to survive whilst
killing them and each other. For example, we do not accept this to be
a representation and image of all women in general, but a image of a
certain individual group of women, being strong and individual
women.