UNICEF Mumbai presentation on urban India

1. India On The Move
An overview of Urbanization in India and
Implications for UNICEF
UNICEF Mumbai Presentation
Transition States Meeting
July, 2012

2. Trends in Urban Population
900 833.1 1400 400
377.1
800 742.5 Increase in Urban Population
1200 350
700 628.7 286.1
Population (in Million)
1000 300
600 523.8
439.1 800 250 217.6 In
500
360.3 377.1 2011, urban
400 200 159.5
600
286.1 constitute
300 217.6 150
159.5 400
109.1 d 31.2
78.9
200
78.9 109.1 100 percent
100
200
50
of the
0 0 total
0 populatio
1961 1971 1981 1991 2001 2011
1961 1971 1981 1991 2001 n
2011
Total Population Rural Urban Period
The Total Population of India in 2011 is 1210.2 Million of which Rural is 833.1
Million and Urban is 377.1 Million
Source: India’s Urban Demographic Transition – National Institute of Urban Affairs, December 2011

3. Level of Urbanization
1400
82.0 80.1
90.0 An
76.7
1200
74.3 72.2
68.8
80.0 important
70.0
feature of
as a percentage of total population
1000
60.0
urbanizati
Population (in Million)
800
on in India
50.0
40.0
600
during the
30.0
400
31.2 period 1981
25.7 27.8 20.0
200 19.9
23.3 to 2001
18.0 10.0
was the
0 0.0
1961 1971 1981 1991 2001 2011 relatively
Year small
Total Population Rural Urban contributi
on of
migration
from
Source: India’s Urban Demographic Transition – National Institute of Urban Affairs, December 2011
rural to
urban

4. Urbanization Ranking: Top 10 Major States of India, 2011
Tamil Nadu got
ahead of
Maharashtra and
Gujarat in the
race of
urbanization in the
Census 2001 when
more than 1000
rural settlements
were classified as
urban in all
states of India, of
which nearly 400
were in Tamil
Source: Report on Indian Urban Infrastructure & Services, March 2011 (Estimates based on Census of India data)
Nadu

5. Metropolitan Cities: Number & Population
The number of
metropolitan
(million plus)
cities has risen
sharply, out of
which eight
metropolitan
cities are 5-
million plus.
The 50
metropolitan
cities now
account for 42.6%
Source: Report on Indian Urban Infrastructure & Services, March 2011 (Based on Census of India data)
of the total
urban

6. Issues in Urban India

7. Urban Population Below Poverty Line
60.0
Though the urban
49.0
50.0
45.2
poor (defined as
anyone living on
Percentage of Urban BPL Population
40.8
38.2
40.0
less than 20
32.4 rupees a day)
30.0
25.7 accounted for
25.7% of the
20.0
country's total
urban population
10.0
in 2004-5
compared with
0.0
1973-74 1977-78 1983-84 1987-88 1993-94 2004-05
49.01% in 1973-
Period 74, in absolute
numbers it grew
Source: Report on Indian Urban Infrastructure & Services, March 2011
from 60 million
to 81 million

8. Slum Population in Key Metropolitan Cities
60
54.1
In India there are
50
49000 Slums with
Percentage of Slum Population, 2001
an estimated
40
population of 93
32.5
Million. 70% of
30
India’s slums are in
20
18.9 18.7 19.4 5 States –
17.2
13.5 Maharashtra
10
10.0 (35%), Andhra
Pradesh (11%), West
0 Bengal (10%), Tamil
Nadu (7%) and
Ahmedabad Bangalore Chennai Delhi Hyderabad Kolkata Mumbai Pune
Metropolitan Cities Gujarat (7%)
Source: Report on Indian Urban Infrastructure & Services, March 2011

9. State of Urban Service delivery
Urban Sewerage and Sanitation
Service Norms
• Underground sewerage system for
all cities
• 100% collection and treatment of
waste water
Urban Water Supply • Drain network covering 100% road
Service Norms length on both sides for all cities
• 100% individual piped water supply for
all households including informal Status
settlements for all cities • 94.2% cities/towns in India do not even
have a partial sewerage network
• Continuity of Supply: 24x7 water supply
• Less than 20% of the road network is
for all cities
covered by storm water drains
• Per capita consumption norm: 135 lpcd
• 54th round of NSS reported 26%
for all cities households having no access to
latrines, 35% using septic tanks and 22%
Status using sewerage system
• 64% of urban population is covered by • Treatment facilities exist only for
individual connections and stand-posts 3750 liters out of the total 15800
• Duration of water supply range from 1 million liters waste water generated
hour to 6 hours per day in 300 Class I cities
• Per capita supply of water ranges from
35 to 298 lpcd for a limited duration
• Average access to drinking water is 73% in
Class I Cities, 63% in Class II, 61% in Class III
and 58% in Class IV+ Cities

10. Urban Transportation
Service Norms
• Rail-based and Road-based mass rapid
transit system (MRTS) for Class IA &
Class IB cities, and city bus service for
other class cities
Status
Urban Solid Waste Management • Public transport accounts for only 22%
Service Norms of urban transport in India, compared
• 100% of solid waste with 49% in lower middle income
collected, transported, and treated countries (e.g. Philippines, Venezuela
for all cities as per Municipal Solid and Egypt) and 40% in upper middle
Waste 2000 Rules income countries (e.g. South
Africa, Korea, Brazil)
Status • Share of public transport fleet in
• It is estimated that about 115000 India has decreased sharply from 11% in
metric tonnes of municipal solid 1951 to 1.1% in 2001
waste is generated daily in the • Only 20 out of India’s 85 cities with a
country population of 0.5 million or more in
• Waste collection coverage ranges 2009 had a city bus service
from 70 to 90% in major
metropolitan cities and is less than
50% in smaller cities
• Less than 30% solid waste is
segregated
Source: Report on Indian Urban Infrastructure & Services, March 2011
• Scientific disposal of waste is almost

11. Livelihood Food Security
Despite National The percentage
Policy on Urban of population
Street Vendors with a calorie
& Model Street intake of less
Vendors Parks and Open than 1890 Kcal
Housing (Protection of per day has
Spaces
Against a basic Livelihood & increased from
2.7 Square
service demand Regulation of 16.2% in 1999-2000
Meters per
for 30 Million Street Vending) to 16.7% in 2004-
capita as
Affordable Bill they 2005.
compared to
Housing continue to basic minimum
units, the remain poor. requirement of
current Nearly 77% of 9 Square Meters
availability is 5 microcredit per capita
Million units clients are in the
rural sector
and still the
SHG-Bank Linkage
Prog. remains a
rural
phenomena. Source: Report on Indian Urban Infrastructure & Services, March 2011

12. 7.6 Million
children or
8th Every 8th child
in India in the
1.7 Million children
(0-6 years) in
13.1% of the age group of 0- Maharashtra
total child 6 years stays in (highest in the
population are slums country) are
living in slums staying in slums
29% Adolescent
Girls are
12% Of India
children aged 5
63% children of
less than five
married as to 14 years are years are
child into labour anemic, among
brides, among activities urban poor
urban poor it 71.4% children
is 48% are anemic
33% Of children
under five years
42 Out of 1000 live
births is the IMR
42% Children
total
miss
of age in urban in urban immunization
India are areas, among before
underweight, am urban poor it is completing one
year, DLHS 3, 2007-08
among
ong urban poor 55 Source:
urban poor it
it is 47%
Growing-up in an ‘urbanizing’ India is 60%

13. Themes: VIPP
How do we What kind of
embed children partnership does
issues in the UNICEF need to
urban planning foster in urban
Capacity
process? Development
Partnerships programming?
•What do we Do we need to
know about the Knowledge Decentralization
focus only
best practices Management / Governance
governance &
around children advocacy issues
in urban areas? OR we also get
•Need for into developing
disaggregated models in select
*Inclusionon urban included in all four areas
data lens to be geographic areas
areas? OR we do both?

14. Thank You!!!