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Responsive Web Design
- 1. Responsive Web Design Mark Wales, Small Hadron Collider @smallhadron ·
- 2. The Challenge Create all of my projects using Responsive Web Design
- 3. What is it? • Responsive designs adapt to how they’re being viewed • Check out: http://mediaqueri.es • Generally based on width of browser window
- 4. Why use it? • A web-page is an infinite canvas • But an unpredictable viewport • Responsive designs will always look good • It’s intuitively the right way to do things
- 5. How it works • Fluid Layouts • Media Queries • Responsive Images
- 6. Fluid Layouts • Been around forever • Using % based widths • Not used on most sites
- 7. Media Queries • Browser support is pretty good • JS Polyfil available (Respond.js - on GitHub)
- 8. Media Queries • One CSS file: @media screen and (min-width: 960px) { ... } • Separate CSS files: <link rel="stylesheet" href="/960.css" media="screen and (min-width:
- 9. Where to start? • Mobile first: use “min-width” not “max-width” • Start with colours • Blocks have width set to “auto” by default
- 10. Responsive • How to show the right sized image for each device type? • Should only download the size being used • Should default to mobile images
- 11. Responsive • Based on article by Jake Archibald: http://tiny.cc/rsimg • Use <noscript> tags + data tags + JavaScript swapping
- 12. Tips & Tricks • Add transition effects on elements that change size and position • Use LESS or SASS for CSS • Test on http://responsive.is/ • W3 Responsive Images Group: http://www.w3.org/community/
- 13. Looking Forward • Advertising • Proper Responsive Images • Bandwidth Detection • Pixel Density
- 14. The Challenge No problems so far
Hinweis der Redaktion
- - Freelance web-developer - small hadron collider\n- Do a bit of everything: &#x201C;full stack&#x201D; / highly unfocused\n
- - Last september: Read Ethan Marcotte&#x2019;s book, A Book Apart\n- Challenge: do all projects using RWD\n\n- Speed of presentation (please be honest):\n- Who knows what it is?\n- How many people have tried it?\n- How many people use it regularly?\n
- - Responsive designs adapt to how they being viewed \n- demo: smok.local/gallery, erbook.local/books\n- Currently most sites just use the width of the browser, but potential to do it with other things too (bandwidth, dpi, etc)\n
- - Early web design came from print: fixed layouts, fixed grids\n- Settled on 960px grid - very flexible for grids\n- Most people had 1024 or higher, but with netbooks and now mobiles and tablets can&#x2019;t rely on it\n\n- Not necessarily much more work, in fact can be 10 lines of CSS extra\n
- - An old tech, a newish tech, and a hacky tech\n- Will look at the first two then cover images later\n
- - Tech has been around forever (CSS level 1, 1996)\n- % based widths instead of fixed widths (px or ems)\n- percentage width of parent element (if it has a &#x201C;position&#x201D; set)\n- Set body to 80%, content to 70% of body, sidebar to 30% of body\n- Not used much: can look weird at extremes, although min and max widths can be used\n
- - CSS2 supported different media types (e.g. print, screen)\n- CSS3 added queries - quickly supported\n- Support good: previous three versions on all browsers except IE\n- IE9+, Firefox 3.5+, Chrome 4.0, Safari 3.1, Opera 9.5, Android/iPhone/Opera Mobile & Mini\n- Like an &#x201C;if&#x201D; block of code: if query is true, use this CSS. Not mutually exclusive & cascades\n- All sorts of things included in CSS3 spec for Media Queries: dpi, device width, aspect ratio, etc.\n
- - I prefer to have it all in one file: less HTTP requests, so faster site\n- Also encourages the use of the cascade\n
- - Mobile first: if starting from scratch - very easy\n- If media queries are supported\n- Built in IE6 support - just add a few extra bits of CSS and you&#x2019;re done\n
- - Trickier. The tech doesn&#x2019;t exist yet.\n- But when&#x2019;s that ever stopped web-developers (e.g. Table based layouts)\n- The problem: don&#x2019;t want to use huge images if never displaying an image more than 320px wide\n- Shouldn&#x2019;t download multiple sizes: pointless if mobile downloads desktop and ineffcient if desktop download mobile\n- But: server doesn&#x2019;t know much about the device, so need to use javascript, which does\n- Hopefully this won&#x2019;t be an issue for long: Responsive Images Working Group are on it (&#x201C;Picture&#x201D; tag, like &#x201C;audio&#x201D;). Potentially send more info to the server. But will take a while yet.\n- Two solutions: back-end and front-end\n
- - I chose javascript: keep it in one place, cookies don&#x2019;t always get made in time, caching doesn&#x2019;t work\n- Based on Jake Archibald&#x2019;s method\n- No script tag\n- His version, by his own admission, is very dirty, but avoids repeating code\n- I prefer cleaner code, even if repetition\n- If using generated code then not an issue\n
- - Transitions: Save until the end of the project- might upset the client\n- Test on responsive.is - works on locally hosted files, \n
- \n
- - Six months and around 15 sites\n- Largely without a hitch\n