DataIDSalaryCompa-ratioMidpoint AgePerformance RatingServiceGender.docx

DataIDSalaryCompa-ratioMidpoint AgePerformance
RatingServiceGenderRaiseDegreeGender1GradeDo not
manipuilate Data set on this page, copy to another page to make
changes163.21.108573485805.70METhe ongoing question that
the weekly assignments will focus on is: Are males and females
paid the same for equal work (under the Equal Pay Act)?
227.10.873315280703.90MBNote: to simplfy the analysis, we
will assume that jobs within each grade comprise equal
work.335.31.138313075513.61FB461.41.07857421001605.51M
EThe column labels in the table
mean:546.90.9784836901605.71MDID – Employee sample
number Salary – Salary in thousands
674.61.1136736701204.51MFAge – Age in yearsPerformance
Rating - Appraisal rating (employee evaluation
score)740.81.0194032100815.71FCService – Years of service
(rounded)Gender – 0 = male, 1 = female
823.81.035233290915.81FAMidpoint – salary grade midpoint
Raise – percent of last raise974.21.108674910010041MFGrade
– job/pay gradeDegree (0= BSBA 1 =
MS)1023.41.017233080714.71FAGender1 (Male or
Female)Compa-ratio - salary divided by
midpoint1122.30.97123411001914.81FA1264.61.134575295220
4.50ME1340.61.0164030100214.70FC14230.99823329012161F
A1525.21.094233280814.91FA1645.71.143404490405.70MC17
70.21.2315727553131FE1834.71.1193131801115.60FB1923.91.
039233285104.61MA2033.51.0813144701614.80FB21711.0606
743951306.31MF2252.91.103484865613.81FD2322.10.9602336
65613.30FA2456.81.183483075913.80FD2524.31.05623417040
40MA2624.61.071232295216.20FA2743.41.084403580703.91M
C28771.149674495914.40FF2974.71.115675295505.40MF3047.
80.9954845901804.30MD3120.70.898232960413.91FA3228.60.
921312595405.60MB3359.21.038573590905.51ME3427.30.881
312680204.91MB3522.90.996232390415.30FA3622.70.9872327
75314.30FA3723.91.037232295216.20FA3864.71.13557459511

04.50ME39351.128312790615.50FB4023.61.024232490206.30
MA4146.61.166402580504.30MC4223.31.0152332100815.71FA
4376.41.1406742952015.50FF4461.21.0745745901605.21ME45
511.062483695815.21FD4658.81.0315739752003.91ME4766.91
.174573795505.51ME4870.71.2405734901115.31FE4963.51.114
5741952106.60ME5064.51.1325738801204.60ME
Week 1Week 1: Descriptive Statistics, including
ProbabilityWhile the lectures will examine our equal pay
question from the compa-ratio viewpoint, our weekly
assignments will focus onexamining the issue using the salary
measure.The purpose of this assignmnent is two fold:1.
Demonstrate mastery with Excel tools.2. Develop descriptive
statistics to help examine the question.3. Interpret descriptive
outcomesThe first issue in examining salary data to determine if
we - as a company - are paying males and females equally for
doing equal work is to develop somedescriptive statistics to
give us something to make a preliminary decision on whether
we have an issue or not.1Descriptive Statistics: Develop basic
descriptive statistics for SalaryThe first step in analyzing data
sets is to find some summary descriptive statistics for key
variables. Suggestion: Copy the gender1 and salary columns
from the Data tab to columns T and U at the right.Then use Data
Sort (by gender1) to get all the male and female salary values
grouped together.a. Use the Descriptive Statistics function in
the Data Analysis tab Place Excel outcome in Cell K19to
develop the descriptive statistics summary for the overall
group's overall salary. (Place K19 in output range.)Highlight
the mean, sample standard deviation, and range.b.Using Fx (or
formula) functions find the following (be sure to show the
formula and not just the value in each cell) asked for salary
statistics for each gender:MaleFemaleMean:Sample Standard
Deviation:Range:2Develop a 5-number summary for the overall,
male, and female SALARY variable.For full credit, show the
excel formulas in each cell rather than simply the numerical
answer.OverallMalesFemalesMax3rd QMidpoint1st
QMin3Location Measures: comparing Male and Female

midpoints to the overall Salary data range.For full credit, show
the excel formulas in each cell rather than simply the numerical
answer.Using the entire Salary range and the M and F midpoints
found in Q2MaleFemalea. What would each midpoint's
percentile rank be in the overall range?Use Excel's
=PERCENTRANK.EXC functionb. What is the normal curve z
value for each midpoint within overall range?Use Excel's
=STANDARDIZE function 4Probability Measures: comparing
Male and Female midpoints to the overall Salary data rangeFor
full credit, show the excel formulas in each cell rather than
simply the numerical answer.Using the entire Salary range and
the M and F midpoints found in Q2, findMaleFemalea. The
Empirical Probability of equaling or exceeding (=>) that value
forShow the calculation formula = value/50 or
=countif(range,">="&cell)/50b. The Normal curve Prob of =>
that value for each groupUse "=1-NORM.S.DIST"
function5Conclusions: What do you make of these results?Be
sure to include findings from this week's lectures as well.In
comparing the overall, male, and female outcomes, what
relationship(s) see, to exist between the data sets? What does
this suggest about our equal pay for equal work question?
Week 2Week 2: Identifying Significant Differences - part 1To
Ensure full credit for each question, you need to show how you
got your results. This involves either showing where the data
you used is located or showing the excel formula in each cell.Be
sure to copy the appropriate data columns from the data tab to
the right for your use this week.As with our examination of
compa-ratio in the lecture, the first question we have about
salary between the genders involves equality - are they the same
or different?What we do, depends upon our findings.1As with
the compa-ratio lecture example, we want to examine salary
variation within the groups - are they equal?Use Cell K10 for
the Excel test outcome location.aWhat is the data input ranged
used for this question:b Which is needed for this question: a
one- or two-tail hypothesis statement and test ?Answer:Why:c.
Step 1:Ho:Ha:Step 2:Significance (Alpha):Step 3:Test Statistic

and test:Why this test?Step 4:Decision rule:Step 5:Conduct the
test - place test function in cell k10What is the p-value:What is
your decision: REJ or NOT reject the null?Why?Step
6:Conclusion and InterpretationWhat is your conclusion about
the variance in the population for male and femlae
salaries?2Once we know about variance quality, we can move
on to means: Are male and female average salaries equal?Use
Cell K35 for the Excel test outcome location.(Regardless of the
outcome of the above F-test, assume equal variances for this
test.)aWhat is the data input ranged used for this question:b
Does this question need a one or two-tail hypothesis statement
and test?Why:c. Step 1:Ho:Ha:Step 2:Significance
(Alpha):Step 3:Test Statistic and test:Why this test?Step
4:Decision rule:Step 5:Conduct the test - place test function in
cell K35What is the p-value:What is your decision: REJ or NOT
reject the null?Why?Step 6:Conclusion and InterpretationWhat
is your conclusion about the means in the population for male
and femlae salaries?3Education is often a factor in pay
differences.Do employees with an advanced degree (degree = 1)
have higher average salaries?Use Cell K60 for the Excel test
outcome location.aWhat is the data input ranged used for this
question:b Does this question need a one or two-tail hypothesis
statement and test?Why:c. Step 1:Ho:Ha:Step 2:Significance
cell K60What is the p-value:What else must be considered in a
one tail test before reaching a conclusion?What is your
decision: REJ or NOT reject the null?Why?Step 6:Conclusion
and InterpretationWhat is your conclusion about the impact of
education on average salaries?4Considering both the compa-
ratio information from the lectures and your salary information,
what conclusions can you reach about equal pay for equal
work?Why - what statistical results support this conclusion?
Week 3Week 3: Identifying Significant Differences - part 2Data
Input Table:Salary Range GroupsGroup name:ABCDEFTo
Ensure full credit for each question, you need to show how you

got your results. This involves either showing where the data
you used is located List salaries within each gradeor showing
the excel formula in each cell.Be sure to copy the appropriate
data columns from the data tab to the right for your use this
week.1A good pay program will have different average salaries
by grade. Is this the case for our company?aWhat is the data
input ranged used for this question:Use Cell K08 for the Excel
test outcome location.b. Step 1:Ho:Ha:Step 2:Significance
cell K08What is the p-value:What is your decision: REJ or NOT
reject the null?Why?Step 6:Conclusion and InterpretationWhat
does this result say about our question of mean equality?2If the
null hypothesis in question 1 was rejected, which pairs of means
differ?(Use the values from the ANOVA table to complete the
follow table.)Groups ComparedMean Diff.T value used+/-
TermLowto HighDifference Significant?Why?A-BA-CA-DA-
EA-FB-CB-DB-EB-EC-DC-EC-FD-ED-FE-F3One issue in
salary is the grade an employee is in - higher grades have higher
salaries.This suggests that one question to ask is if males and
females are distributed equally across the salary grades?aWhat
is the data input ranged used for this question:Use Cell K54 for
the Excel test outcome location.b. Step 1:Ho:Ha:Step
2:Significance (Alpha):Step 3:Test Statistic and test:Place the
actual distribution in the table below.Why this
test?ABCDEFStep 4:Decision rule:MaleStep 5:Conduct the test
- place test function in cell K54FemaleWhat is the p-value:Place
the expected distribution in the table below.ABCDEFWhat is
your decision: REJ or NOT reject the
null?MaleFemaleWhy?Step 6:Conclusion and
InterpretationWhat does this result say about our question of
mean equality?4What implications do this week's analysis have
for our equal pay question?Why - what statistical results
support this conclusion?
Week 4Week 4: Identifying relationships - correlations and
regressionTo Ensure full credit for each question, you need to

show how you got your results. This involves either showing
where the data you used is located or showing the excel formula
in each cell.Be sure to copy the appropriate data columns from
the data tab to the right for your use this week.1What is the
correlation between and among the interval/ratio level variables
with salary? (Do not use compa-ratio in this question.)a. Create
the correlation table.Use Cell K08 for the Excel test outcome
location.i.What is the data input ranged used for this
question:ii. Create a correlation table in cell K08.b.
Technically, we should perform a hypothesis testing on each
correlation to determine if it is significant or not. However, we
can be faithful to the process and save some time by finding the
minimum correlation that would result in a two tail rejection of
the null.We can then compare each correlation to this value, and
those exceeding it (in either a positive or negative direction)
can be considered statistically significant. i. What is the t-
value we would use to cut off the two tails?T = ii. What is the
associated correlation value related to this t-value? r =c. What
variable(s) is(are) significantly correlated to salary?d. Are there
any surprises - correlations you though would be significant and
are not, or non significant correlations you thought would be?e.
Why does or does not this information help answer our equal
pay question?2Perform a regression analysis using salary as the
dependent variable and the variables used in Q1 along withour
two dummy variables - gender and education. Show the result,
and interpret your findings by answering the following
questions.Suggestion: Add the dummy variables values to the
right of the last data columns used for Q1.What is the multiple
regression equation predicting/explaining compa-ratio using all
of our possible variables except salary?a.What is the data input
ranged used for this question:b. Step 1: State the appropriate
hypothesis statements:Use Cell M34 for the Excel test outcome
location.Ho:Ha:Step 2:Significance (Alpha):Step 3:Test
Statistic and test:Why this test?Step 4:Decision rule:Step
5:Conduct the test - place test function in cell M34What is the
p-value:What is your decision: REJ or NOT reject the

null?Why?Step 6:Conclusion and InterpretationWhat does this
decision mean? c.If we rejected the null hypothesis, we need to
test the significance of each of the variable coefficients.Step 1:
State the appropriate coefficient hypothesis statements:(Write a
single pair, we will use it for each variable
separately.)Ho:Ha:Step 2:Significance (Alpha):Step 3:Test
Statistic and test:Why this test?Step 4:Decision rule:Step
5:Conduct the test for each variable, complete and use the table
below.MidpointAgePerf. Rat.ServiceRaiseGenderDegreet-
value:P-value:Rejection Decision:If Null is rejected, what is the
variable's coefficient value?Step 6:Conclusion and
InterpretationUsing the intercept coefficient and only the
significant variables, what is the equation?Salary = d.Is gender
a significant factor in compa-ratio?e.Regardless of statistical
significance, who gets paid more with all other things being
equal?f.How do we know? 3After considering the compa-ratio
based results in the lectures and your saalary based results, what
else would you like to knowbefore answering our question on
equal pay? Why?4Between the lecture results and your results,
what is your answer to the questionof equal pay for equal work
for males and females? Why?5What does regression analysis
show us about analyzing complex measures?
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
A
B
C
D
Week 1: Descriptive Statistics, including Probability
While the lectures will examine our equal pay question from the

compa-ratio viewpoint, our weekly assignments will focus on
examining the issue using the salary measure.
The purpose of this assignmnent is two fold:
1. Demonstrate mastery with Excel tools.
2. Develop descriptive statistics to help examine the question.
Hello All,
I've discussed the generalities of the week's work in the Week
Eight Announcement, so this Instructor Insight link is devoted
to providing some guidelines for the second writing assignment,
which is your paper on the Lingering Impacts of Lehman
Brothers' Bankruptcy. The great thing about this assignment is
the fact that you have already completed so much preparatory
work with your first writing assignment - the literature review,
which is the basis for your entire discussion in this paper. You
will note that the assignment rubrics are located in the writing
assignment link. All you need to do is click the "rubric" link. I
have listed below some guidelines that will help you focus on
the what I expect to be included in each rubric section. I
encourage you all to familiarize yourselves with the rubrics and
my expectations, so you submit the very best paper you can!
Guidelines:
Rubric 1
Please include a heading for this section. This rubric is very
self-explanatory. You should have already reviewed research
that explores the impacts the Lehman Brothers Bankruptcy had
on other financial institutions throughout the US and the world.
If your literature review was thorough, you should be able to
provide a general theme regarding the overall impacts, as well
as discussing some specific examples, based on the research. Be
extremely careful to use correct reference citations!

Rubric 2
Please include a heading for this section. Your literature review
should have specific data on industries that may
have benefited from Lehman's failure or those that were
especially negatively impacted by their demise. Pick one (or
both) and discuss in specific detail what the impacts were in
each case. I am not looking for generalities here, I am looking
for in-depth discussion of the benefits or the damages. Be
extremely careful to use correct reference citations!
Rubric 3
Please include a heading for this section. Your literature review
should have researched the managerial problems, ethical lapses,
and lack of transparency with regard to the Lehman Brothers
failure, so these are the types of points you should focus on
when formulating your discussion on the third rubric. What are
the lessons that should have been learned? Be extremely
careful to use correct reference citations!
Rubric 4
Please include a heading for this section. Based on the
groundwork presented in your literature review, discuss whether
or not it is likely that a similar catastrophic failure like Lehman
Brothers could occur again, in today's financial environment,
given the regulations that were put in place following Lehman
Brothers' collapse and the ensuing financial crisis. Remember, it
is NOT appropriate to make a statement of personal opinion.
Any conclusion you present MUST be supported by the sound
data and research by your references, as presented in your
literature review. Be extremely careful to use correct reference
citations!
Rubric 5
Please include a heading for this section. Be very careful NOT
to express your personal opinion here! You are to present

conclusions based on the sound data and empirical research you
reviewed in the first writing assignment. Based on your
research, you should discuss in detail the data that supports the
American economy being either stronger or weaker as a result
of the reforms that have been put in place following Lehman
Brothers' bankruptcy. You should list those reforms and explain
how each was intended to change the system, and then provide
support that either they have, or they have not accomplished
their intended goals. Be extremely careful to use correct
reference citations!
Rubric 6
Please include a heading for this section. This rubric is tricky
because you are to relate the credit crisis to your own personal
experience or that of someone with whom you are acquainted.
But, you should NOT write this in the first person active voice!
This is NOT a personal essay, it is academic research writing.
This means that you should not discuss this as a personal
experience, but rather you should use your experience as
context for the general experiences of many Americans during
that time. So, what you should do is take this experience (either
yours personally or someone else's) and write about it as if you
were a journalist reporting on the effects the credit crisis had on
the average American. You will use the details of the
experience you are familiar with, but you will relate them as if
they were experienced by an anonymous individual. For
instance, let's say your uncle owns a specialty bakery shop and
during the credit crisis he was not able to obtain the financing
he needed to replace an old and faulty specialty oven for the
business because the banks were not making loans. Perhaps he
also noticed that clients did not want to spend as much as they
used to for party and wedding baked goods, and there were
fewer customers than before. What you should do is take
the generalimpacts faced by this type of small business and
describe them with enough specificity to clearly exemplify the
far-reaching implications of the crisis. But, do not say, “My

uncle owns a bakery…” Instead say something like “The Sweet
Shop Bakery in New Jersey experienced a significant decline in
customers…” and “The Sweet Shop came close to filing for
bankruptcy because the community banks had stopped making
loans as a result of the crisis.” Keep a neutral voice. If you use
specific references for this, be extremely careful to use correct
reference citations!
Rubric 7
This rubric is completely self-explanatory, but I will elaborate a
bit. You should all have reviewed five high-quality references
in your literature reviews. If you did not use appropriate
references for that assignment, it is essential that you make sure
the references you use for this paper comply with the standards.
References must be high quality academic journals and/or peer-
reviewed research papers. ANY Internet websites used will NOT
count as references, and points will be deducted for any
Wikipedia, Investopedia, commercial financial websites, or
financial blog sites. This should not be a problem for those of
you who did appropriate literature reviews. If you choose to use
additional references, that is fine, as long as they are
appropriate. The bottom line is there must be at least FIVE high
quality academic references.
Rubric 8
I am a stickler for writing mechanics; however, because my
classes are so large, I am no longer able to mark each individual
paper for spelling, grammatical and sentence structure errors. I
will, however, deduct points for those errors and make a general
statement in the rubric feedback cells if those issues are a
problem. So, it is incumbent on each of you to make sure you
check your paper as many times as necessary to ensure that
there are no such errors when you submit the assignment. I also
encourage you to use Grammarly to check for writing mechanics
errors as well as originality, because each paper will be
automatically analyzed. If English is not your first language,

you may feel more comfortable asking a friend or colleague to
read through your final draft to help you catch grammatical
errors that you may have overlooked. Also, make sure your
paper conforms to the specific APA writing guidelines I have
previously provided for you.
Best of luck to you all! I look forward to reading your papers!
Writing Assignment Two Guidelines.docx
Sheet1Points: 300Assignment 2:The Lingering Impact of
Lehman Brothers’
BankruptcyCriteriaUnacceptableFairProficientExemplaryBelow
70% F70-79% C80-89% B90-100% A1. Describe how the crisis
impacted other businesses.Did not submit or incompletely
described how the crisis impacted other businesses.Partially
explained how the crisis impacted other
businesses.Satisfactorily explained how the crisis impacted
other businesses.Demonstrated through understanding of
assignment by explaining how the crisis impacted other
businesses.Weight: 13%2. Choose an industry that was hit the
hardest or one that benefited from the collapse and describe
how managers in that industry responded to the events.Did not
submit or incompletely identified an industry that suffered or
benefited from the collapse and did not submit or incompletely
described how managers responded to the events.Partially
identified an industry that suffered or benefited from the
collapse and partially described how managers responded to the
events.Satisfactorily identified an industry that suffered or
benefited from the collapse and satisfactorily described how
managers responded to the events.Thoroughly evaluated and
identified an industry that suffered or benefited from the
collapse and thoroughly described how managers responded to
the events.Weight: 13%3. Provide examples of lessons
managers need to keep in mind in the post-2008 business

environment.Did not submit or incompletely provided examples
of lessons managers need to keep in mind in the post-2008
business environment.Partially provided examples of lessons
environment.Satisfactorily provided examples of lessons
environment.Thoroughly explored topic and provided
exceptional examples of lessons managers need to keep in mind
in the post-2008 business environment.Weight: 13%4. Explain
whether or not an event of this magnitude could occur again,
given regulations implemented after the crisisDid not submit or
incompletely explained whether or not an event of this
magnitude could occur again, given regulations implemented
after the crisis.Partially explained whether or not an event of
this magnitude could occur again, given regulations
implemented after the crisis.Satisfactorily explained whether or
not an event of this magnitude could occur again, given
regulations implemented after the crisis.Demonstrated thorough
understanding of the requirement by providing exceptional
explanation of whether or not an event of this magnitude could
occur again, given regulations implemented after the
crisis.Weight: 13%5. Explain if the American economy is
weaker or stronger today as a result of the Lehman Brothers’
bankruptcy and resulting reforms and provide an explanationDid
not submit or incompletely explained how the American
economy is weaker or stronger today as a result of the Lehman
Brothers’ bankruptcy and resulting reforms and / or did not
provide an explanation.Partially explained how the American
Brothers’ bankruptcy and resulting reforms and provide a
partial explanation.Satisfactorily explained how the American
Brothers’ bankruptcy and resulting reforms and provide a
satisfactory explanation.Thoroughly explained how the
American economy is weaker or stronger today as a result of the
Lehman Brothers’ bankruptcy and resulting reforms and

provided an exceptional explanation.Weight: 13%6. Provide an
example of how this monumental bankruptcy and the resulting
credit crisis affected you or someone you know.Did not submit
or explain how the event affected you or someone you
know.Provided a partial example of how the event affected you
or someone you know.Provided a satisfactory example of how
the event affected you or someone you know.Provided an
excellent example of how the event affected you or someone
you know.Weight: 13%7. Use five quality academic resources,
three of which must come from your Week 3 Literature
Review. No references provided.Does not meet the required
number of references; some or all references poor quality
choices.Meets number of required references; all references
high quality choices.Makes exceptional use of the three
resources chosen; resource selection demonstrates thorough
grasp of topicWeight: 12%8. Clarity, writing mechanics, and
formatting requirementsMore than six errors presentFive to six
errors presentThree to four errors presentZero to two errors
presentWeight: 10%
Sheet2
Sheet3

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