Experts are better able to pick up on structural features of problems compared to novices. Experts tend to work backwards to solve problems, while novices tend to work forwards. Experts can practically bypass working memory in encoding problem information, unlike novices. The document provides sample questions and answers that test knowledge of concepts related to problem solving, judgment and decision making, reasoning, and memory.

1. PSY 352 Week 4 Quiz NEW
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PSY 352 Week 4 Quiz NEW
Question 1
Suppose I am planning a wedding with 200 guests, and
everyone is going to have a designated place at 22 different
dinner tables. Trying to figure out who is going to sit where,
and with whom, would be considered:
an arrangement problem.
a divergent problem.
a transformation problem.
a deduction problem.
Question 2

2. Our tendency to avoid situations in which many people may be
killed while simultaneously being relatively impervious to
risky situations in which deaths are more spread out is termed:
Anchoring.
Fatality Fear.
Dread Risk.
Fatal Risk Assessment.
Question 3
A finding regarding medical expertise indicates that those at an
intermediate level of knowledge actually remember more
information than do experts. This is termed the:
intern effect.
novice effect.
intermediate effect.
expert effect.
Question 4

3. The belief that after a run of bad luck a change is “due” to occur
is called:
superstition effect.
gambler’s fallacy.
hot hand.
an “in” with the Gods.
Question 5
Castel, McCabe, Roediger, and Heitman (2007) investigated
whether experts might be more or less susceptible than novices
to the DRM memory illusion. They tested people who were
more and less knowledgeable aboutand found that experts
were
football; more likely than novices to falsely recall items
football; less likely than novices to falsely recall items
cooking; more likely than novices to falsely recall items
cooking; less likely than novices to falsely recall items

4. Question 6
Means-end analysis is basically a fancy term for:
breaking a problem down into subgoals.
applying analogies to solve a problem.
applying algorithms to solve a problem.
working backwards to solve a problem.
Question 7
Immediate memory capacity is _____ with susceptibility to the
belief-bias effect.
not correlated
negatively correlated
positively correlated
synonymous with
Question 8

5. Which of these is an example of the sunk cost effect?
Sally is too sick to go out, but decides to attend the play since
she paid $40 for the ticket.
Jenny relents to the high-pressure sales person and spends
$550 on accessories she doesn’t need.
Despite continued losses, Tony continues to play the ponies at
the local track.
Aaron has a decent seat for the basketball game, but decides to
upgrade them by buying much better seats from a scalper.
Question 9
Which of these is NOT a difference between the way experts
and novices go about solving a problem?
Experts tend to work backwards; novices tend to work
forwards.
Experts can practically bypass working memory in encoding
problem information; novices can’t.

6. Novices tend to pick up on surface features, while experts are
better at picking up structural features.
Experts are better at picking up on analogies and using them to
solve problems.
Question 10
According to the dual-process view of reasoning, judgment and
decision making, which mode of thinking operates relatively
slowly, deliberately and in a controlled manner?
heuristic mode
rational mode
bounded mode
analytic mode
Question 11
In a valid syllogism:
the conclusion follows from the premises.
the premises are true.
the conclusion is true.

7. all of the above are true.
Question 12
Research on the ability to see and apply analogies between the
“radiation problem” (tumor problem) and the attack problem
indicates that:
people commonly miss the analogy with or without a hint.
people easily see the connection between the problems, and
use it to solve the second one.
people rarely see the connection between the problems unless
they’re given a hint; then, they usually do make the connection.
analogies only work with complex problems, not simple ones.
Question 13
Mental set operates at which stage of problem solving?
problem representation

8. generation of solutions
problem identification
applying solutions
Question 14
The ________ view of inductive reasoning states that inductive
reasoning involves special processes and representations that
operate in the abstract, outside of any real-life context.
experience based
rule-based
categorization
confirmatory
Question 15
Which of the following is NOT one the three sources of difficulty
in solving insight problems according to Kershaw and Ohlsson?

9. Perceptual factors
Experience factors
Process factors
Knowledge factors

10. Perceptual factors
Experience factors
Process factors
Knowledge factors