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Disruptive Technologies in Railroading
Dan Rubin
Union Pacific Railroad
2
Tahoe Silicon Mountain
Tonight's event made possible by
NewLeaders.com ClearCapital.comTruckeeDonnerRailroadSociety.com
3
Fast Facts
• Commodity
Revenue $15.5 B
• Route Miles 32,200 in
23 States
• Employees 49,000
• Annual Payroll $3.9 B
• Customers 25,000
• Locomotives 8,700
Union Pacific System
Portland
Oakland
LA
Calexico
Nogales El Paso
Seattle
Eagle Pass
SLC
Eastport
Brownsville
Houston
KC
St. Louis
Omaha
Twin Cities
Duluth
Denver
Laredo
Dallas
Memphis
Chicago
New
Orleans
4
Freight Revenue
17%
Agricultural
Products
16%
Chemicals
18%
Industrial
Products9%
Auto
20%
Intermodal
20%
Energy
5
Class I Railroads
• Rail's share of the US
freight market is about 43%
(The Economist, 2010)
• Total US freight moved per
year: 6 trillion ton-miles
• Class I railroads move: 1.7
trillion ton-miles
• Union Pacific alone moves
more than 0.5 trillion ton-
miles (about 9 million
carloads)
Sources: DOT, AAR, UP fact book
6
Locomotives
Cars
• Typical Horse Power of a long-haul locomotive: 4000 HP (Toyota Camry: 178 HP)
• Typical weight of a train: 3,000 – 8,000 tons (Toyota Camry: 1.5 tons)
• Typical train length: 90 cars + 2 locomotives ( ~ 1 mile long)
• Average freight per car: 63 tons (91,000 bottles of beer)
7
Trackside Sensors
Low Air Hose Detector
Infrared Sensors Microphones Ultrasonic Sensors
Wheel Profile Lasers Strain Gauges
8
Recent and Current R&D Initiatives
• Smart Train Inspection
• Robotic Equipment Handling at Yards
• Ultrasonic Wheel Inspection System
• Motes and Energy Harvesting
• Other R&D Projects
• Positive Train Control
9
Recent and Current R&D Initiatives
• Smart Train Inspection
• Robotic Equipment Handling at Yards
• Ultrasonic Wheel Inspection System
• Motes and Energy Harvesting
• Other R&D Projects
• Positive Train Control
10
Manual Inspection
11
Smart Train Inspection Site
12
Detect Train Presence
13
Wheel Detectors
14
Cameras
2014
16
High Frame Rate Cameras
2014
18
3D Vision
2014
20
Automated Inspection
21
Inspection GUI
22
Recent and Current R&D Initiatives
• Smart Train Inspection
• Robotic Equipment Handling at Yards
• Ultrasonic Wheel Inspection System
• Motes and Energy Harvesting
• Other R&D Projects
• Positive Train Control
23
Prototype Robotic System
24
Recent and Current R&D Initiatives
• Smart Train Inspection
• Robotic Equipment Handling at Yards
• Ultrasonic Wheel Inspection System
• Motes and Energy Harvesting
• Other R&D Projects
• Positive Train Control
25
Ultrasonic Cracked Wheel Detection
• Detects internal wheel cracks
• Inspects over 500,000 wheels
annually
• Annually about 100 wheels are
replaced which would have gone
undetected otherwise
26
Recent and Current R&D Initiatives
• Smart Train Inspection
• Robotic Equipment Handling at Yards
• Ultrasonic Wheel Inspection System
• Motes and Energy Harvesting
• Other R&D Projects
• Positive Train control
27
Motes
SS SS SS SS SS SS
GatewayMotes
Sensors
Linear Topology
28
Recent and Current R&D Initiatives
• Smart Train Inspection
• Robotic Equipment Handling at Yards
• Ultrasonic Wheel Inspection System
• Motes and Energy Harvesting
• Other R&D Projects
• Positive Train Control
29
Train Consist Reader Technology
Existing Technology
30
Alternate Mobile/Handheld Reader
ORDR EQUIPMENT INIT CAR# EAST DIR LATITUDE LONGITUDE STATUS
56 Tank GETX 2346 1 NW 41.2489 -95.8859 OUT OF SEQUENCE! -------------------
55 Tank CRGX 29459 2 NW 41.2487 -95.8857 OUT OF SEQUENCE! -------------------
54 Gondola TILX 42613 3 NW 41.2486 -95.8855 OUT OF SEQUENCE! -------------------
53 Gondola BN 534077 4 NW 41.2485 -95.8854 OUT OF SEQUENCE! -------------------
52 Gondola BN 534731 5 NW 41.2484 -95.8853 OUT OF SEQUENCE! -------------------
50 Gondola BN 534575 6 WNW 41.2483 -95.8851 OUT OF SEQUENCE! -------------------
49 Gondola SBTX 33035 7 NW 41.2482 -95.885 OUT OF SEQUENCE! -------------------
48 Gondola BN 534537 8 NW 41.2481 -95.8849 OUT OF SEQUENCE! -------------------
46 Gondola SBTX 33173 9 NW 41.248 -95.8847 OUT OF SEQUENCE! -------------------
45 Gondola SBTX 33207 10 NNW 41.2478 -95.8846 OUT OF SEQUENCE! -------------------
44 Gondola BN 534688 11 NW 41.2477 -95.8845 OUT OF SEQUENCE! -------------------
43 Gondola BN 534725 12 NNW 41.2476 -95.8844 OUT OF SEQUENCE! -------------------
- Gondola TILX 42619 13 - - MISSING! ---------------------------
- Gondola TILX 42611 14 - - MISSING! ---------------------------
31
Drones
Send drones with a payload to
inspect structures that are unsafe
or difficult for humans to reach.
32
3D Printer
For rapid
prototyping
33
Software Defined Radio (SDR)
• Decoding radio signals
in out
Low Pass
Filter in out
Fast Fourier
Transform
Raspberry Pi
34
Recent and Current R&D Initiatives
• Smart Train Inspection
• Robotic Equipment Handling at Yards
• Ultrasonic Wheel Inspection System
• Motes and Energy Harvesting
• Other R&D Projects
• Positive Train Control
35
Positive Train Control
Building Safety • Government mandate
• Collision avoidance technology
• Continually calculates braking distances
• $2+
B
• Challenges
– Communications spectrum & coverage
– Interoperability
– Must install 12,000 wayside, 6,800
locomotive and 1,500 base station systems
Initialization
Track Database
Speed Restrictions
Work Zones
Train Consist
Movement
Authorities
Braking Curve
Warning Curve
Predictive Braking
• Signals
• Work Zones
• Switches
• Speed Restrictions
WARNING: BRAKING IN 70 SECBRAKING IN PROGRESS
36
Existing Onboard
MCP
Event Recorder
Fuel-On/Off
DVR
Health Monitoring Watt Meter
Auto Start/Stop
EMD’s FIRE
(& Integrated ER)
Pulse WDL Radio
Train Control
Train Control
Display(s)
220 MHz
Switch
GPS
SAT
WiFi
37
Existing On-Board Technology
Advanced Ruggedized Computer (ARC)
Mobile Access Router (MAR)
Digital Cell
Clean Cab Radio(Locomotive Dispatch Radio)
38
Next Generation
MCP
Event Recorder
Fuel-On/Off
DVR
Health Monitoring
LTA/EOA Watt Meter
AESS
EMD’s FIRE
(& Integrated ER)
Pulse WDL Radio
Train Control
Train Control
Display(s)
220 MHz
GPS
CELL
LIG
WiFi
39
Antenna Farm
Existing Modified Roof
InstalledAccess
40
Next Generation On-board Technology
Ancillary Card Cage (ACC)
41
Wayside Platform (Messaging Server)
Required for PTC to support
Wayside Integration
42
Train Management Communication
System
DPU
IP Network
DPU
PTC
EIC
Controller
PTC
DPU/CTC/EIC
EIC
Our future communication system?

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Disruptive Technologies Transforming the Railroad Industry

  • 1. 1 Disruptive Technologies in Railroading Dan Rubin Union Pacific Railroad
  • 2. 2 Tahoe Silicon Mountain Tonight's event made possible by NewLeaders.com ClearCapital.comTruckeeDonnerRailroadSociety.com
  • 3. 3 Fast Facts • Commodity Revenue $15.5 B • Route Miles 32,200 in 23 States • Employees 49,000 • Annual Payroll $3.9 B • Customers 25,000 • Locomotives 8,700 Union Pacific System Portland Oakland LA Calexico Nogales El Paso Seattle Eagle Pass SLC Eastport Brownsville Houston KC St. Louis Omaha Twin Cities Duluth Denver Laredo Dallas Memphis Chicago New Orleans
  • 5. 5 Class I Railroads • Rail's share of the US freight market is about 43% (The Economist, 2010) • Total US freight moved per year: 6 trillion ton-miles • Class I railroads move: 1.7 trillion ton-miles • Union Pacific alone moves more than 0.5 trillion ton- miles (about 9 million carloads) Sources: DOT, AAR, UP fact book
  • 6. 6 Locomotives Cars • Typical Horse Power of a long-haul locomotive: 4000 HP (Toyota Camry: 178 HP) • Typical weight of a train: 3,000 – 8,000 tons (Toyota Camry: 1.5 tons) • Typical train length: 90 cars + 2 locomotives ( ~ 1 mile long) • Average freight per car: 63 tons (91,000 bottles of beer)
  • 7. 7 Trackside Sensors Low Air Hose Detector Infrared Sensors Microphones Ultrasonic Sensors Wheel Profile Lasers Strain Gauges
  • 8. 8 Recent and Current R&D Initiatives • Smart Train Inspection • Robotic Equipment Handling at Yards • Ultrasonic Wheel Inspection System • Motes and Energy Harvesting • Other R&D Projects • Positive Train Control
  • 9. 9 Recent and Current R&D Initiatives • Smart Train Inspection • Robotic Equipment Handling at Yards • Ultrasonic Wheel Inspection System • Motes and Energy Harvesting • Other R&D Projects • Positive Train Control
  • 15. 2014
  • 17. 2014
  • 19. 2014
  • 22. 22 Recent and Current R&D Initiatives • Smart Train Inspection • Robotic Equipment Handling at Yards • Ultrasonic Wheel Inspection System • Motes and Energy Harvesting • Other R&D Projects • Positive Train Control
  • 24. 24 Recent and Current R&D Initiatives • Smart Train Inspection • Robotic Equipment Handling at Yards • Ultrasonic Wheel Inspection System • Motes and Energy Harvesting • Other R&D Projects • Positive Train Control
  • 25. 25 Ultrasonic Cracked Wheel Detection • Detects internal wheel cracks • Inspects over 500,000 wheels annually • Annually about 100 wheels are replaced which would have gone undetected otherwise
  • 26. 26 Recent and Current R&D Initiatives • Smart Train Inspection • Robotic Equipment Handling at Yards • Ultrasonic Wheel Inspection System • Motes and Energy Harvesting • Other R&D Projects • Positive Train control
  • 27. 27 Motes SS SS SS SS SS SS GatewayMotes Sensors Linear Topology
  • 28. 28 Recent and Current R&D Initiatives • Smart Train Inspection • Robotic Equipment Handling at Yards • Ultrasonic Wheel Inspection System • Motes and Energy Harvesting • Other R&D Projects • Positive Train Control
  • 29. 29 Train Consist Reader Technology Existing Technology
  • 30. 30 Alternate Mobile/Handheld Reader ORDR EQUIPMENT INIT CAR# EAST DIR LATITUDE LONGITUDE STATUS 56 Tank GETX 2346 1 NW 41.2489 -95.8859 OUT OF SEQUENCE! ------------------- 55 Tank CRGX 29459 2 NW 41.2487 -95.8857 OUT OF SEQUENCE! ------------------- 54 Gondola TILX 42613 3 NW 41.2486 -95.8855 OUT OF SEQUENCE! ------------------- 53 Gondola BN 534077 4 NW 41.2485 -95.8854 OUT OF SEQUENCE! ------------------- 52 Gondola BN 534731 5 NW 41.2484 -95.8853 OUT OF SEQUENCE! ------------------- 50 Gondola BN 534575 6 WNW 41.2483 -95.8851 OUT OF SEQUENCE! ------------------- 49 Gondola SBTX 33035 7 NW 41.2482 -95.885 OUT OF SEQUENCE! ------------------- 48 Gondola BN 534537 8 NW 41.2481 -95.8849 OUT OF SEQUENCE! ------------------- 46 Gondola SBTX 33173 9 NW 41.248 -95.8847 OUT OF SEQUENCE! ------------------- 45 Gondola SBTX 33207 10 NNW 41.2478 -95.8846 OUT OF SEQUENCE! ------------------- 44 Gondola BN 534688 11 NW 41.2477 -95.8845 OUT OF SEQUENCE! ------------------- 43 Gondola BN 534725 12 NNW 41.2476 -95.8844 OUT OF SEQUENCE! ------------------- - Gondola TILX 42619 13 - - MISSING! --------------------------- - Gondola TILX 42611 14 - - MISSING! ---------------------------
  • 31. 31 Drones Send drones with a payload to inspect structures that are unsafe or difficult for humans to reach.
  • 33. 33 Software Defined Radio (SDR) • Decoding radio signals in out Low Pass Filter in out Fast Fourier Transform Raspberry Pi
  • 34. 34 Recent and Current R&D Initiatives • Smart Train Inspection • Robotic Equipment Handling at Yards • Ultrasonic Wheel Inspection System • Motes and Energy Harvesting • Other R&D Projects • Positive Train Control
  • 35. 35 Positive Train Control Building Safety • Government mandate • Collision avoidance technology • Continually calculates braking distances • $2+ B • Challenges – Communications spectrum & coverage – Interoperability – Must install 12,000 wayside, 6,800 locomotive and 1,500 base station systems Initialization Track Database Speed Restrictions Work Zones Train Consist Movement Authorities Braking Curve Warning Curve Predictive Braking • Signals • Work Zones • Switches • Speed Restrictions WARNING: BRAKING IN 70 SECBRAKING IN PROGRESS
  • 36. 36 Existing Onboard MCP Event Recorder Fuel-On/Off DVR Health Monitoring Watt Meter Auto Start/Stop EMD’s FIRE (& Integrated ER) Pulse WDL Radio Train Control Train Control Display(s) 220 MHz Switch GPS SAT WiFi
  • 37. 37 Existing On-Board Technology Advanced Ruggedized Computer (ARC) Mobile Access Router (MAR) Digital Cell Clean Cab Radio(Locomotive Dispatch Radio)
  • 38. 38 Next Generation MCP Event Recorder Fuel-On/Off DVR Health Monitoring LTA/EOA Watt Meter AESS EMD’s FIRE (& Integrated ER) Pulse WDL Radio Train Control Train Control Display(s) 220 MHz GPS CELL LIG WiFi
  • 39. 39 Antenna Farm Existing Modified Roof InstalledAccess
  • 40. 40 Next Generation On-board Technology Ancillary Card Cage (ACC)
  • 41. 41 Wayside Platform (Messaging Server) Required for PTC to support Wayside Integration
  • 42. 42 Train Management Communication System DPU IP Network DPU PTC EIC Controller PTC DPU/CTC/EIC EIC Our future communication system?