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gastric juice
1. Gastric juice
About 2 litres of gastric juice are secreted daily by specialised
secretary glands in the mucosa it consist of :-
âąWater
âąMineral salts
âąMucus secreted by mucous neck cells in the glands and surface
mucous cells on the stomach surface.
âąHydrochloric acid and intrinsic factor secreted by parietal cells in the
gastric gland.
âąInactive enzyme precursors : pepsinogens secreted by chief cells in
the glands.
2. Function of gastric juice
âą Water further liquefies the food swallowed.
âą Hydrochloric acid:-
ïŒAcidifies the food and stop the action of salivary
amylase.
ïŒKills ingested microbes.
ïŒProvides the acid environment needed for the
action of pepsins.
âą Pepsinogens.
âą Intrinsic factor.
âą Mucus.
3. Secretion of gastric juice
âą There is always a small quantity of gastric juice
present in the stomach ,even when it contains no
food. This is known as fasting juice. Secretion reaches
its maximum level about 1 hour after a meal then
declines to the fasting level after about 4 hours
âą There are three phases of secretion of gastic juice
ïŒ Cephalic phase.
ïŒ Gastric phase.
ïŒ Intestinal phase.
4. Functions of the stomach
âą These includes:
ïŒ Temporary storage allowing time for the digestive
enzymes,pepsins,to act.
ïŒ Chemical digestion-pepsins break proteins into polypeptides.
ïŒ Mechanical breakdown.
ïŒ Limited absorption.
ïŒ Non specific defence against microbes.
ïŒ Preparation of iron for absorption.
ïŒ Production and secretion of intrinsic factors needed for absorption
of vit.B12
ïŒ Regulation of the passage of gastric contents into the duodenum.