traffic controlling by measuring the density of the traffic

1. PROJECT PRESENTATION
ON
DENSITY BASED AUTOMATIC TRAFFIC
MONITORING SYSTEM
Project Mentor:- Mr. Vivek Verma Presented By:- Sujeet Kr. Verma
Siddhartha Shukla
Swati Giri
Shivesh Mishra

2. INTRODUCTION
1. It is an intelligent traffic controlling system.
2. Our present methodology adopted for traffic controlling is based
upon the fix timing .
3. Each side has to wait for the fix time and they are allowed to cross
the road for the limited fix time.
4. This is feasible during normal traffic but fails during heavy rush.
5. This waste the time of commuters as well as increases rush many
folds.
6. This problem can be tackled by adopting traffic monitoring system
based on density of vehicles.
7. This uses vehicles density as its tool for measuring the rush on the
road.
8. Based upon the calculated density of vehicles the traffic light are
being controlled to manage the traffic.

3. OBJECTIVES
The main objective of this project is to design an intelligent auto traffic signal
control system. Traffic congestion is one of the major issues to be considered.
Generally Vehicular traffic intersects at the junctions of the road and are
controlled by the traffic signals .Traffic signals need a good coordination and
control to ensure the smooth and safe flow of the vehicular traffic. During the
rush hours, the traffic on the roads is at its peak. Also, there is a possibility
for the emergency vehicles to stuck in the traffic jam. Therefore; there is a
need for the dynamic control of the traffic during rush hours. Hence I
propose a smart traffic signal controller .The proposed system tries to
minimize the possibilities of traffic jams, caused by the traffic lights, to some
extent by clearing the road with higher density of vehicles and also provides
the clearance for the emergency vehicle if any. The system is based on the
AVR micro controller and IR sensors technology.

4. LITERATURE SURVEY
1. Simple Traffic Management Scheme
2. Automatic Traffic Management Scheme
3. Intelligent Traffic Management Scheme based on Image
Processing
4. Intelligent Traffic Management Scheme using Wireless
Technologies
5. Intelligent Traffic Management Scheme using IR sensors
These methodologies have been divided according to techniques used. In real
world there are many traffic management schemes established already.

5. COMPONENTS
1. AVR ATmega32 controller
2. PCB board
3. IR sensors -4
4. LED’s-12(4-red,4-green,4-yellow)
5. 12v Battery or adaptor
6. Serial cable
7. Connecting wires

6. METHODOLOGY
1. Two IR sensors , one closer to the centre of the crossroad and
another one at farther point, are setup on each side across the
crossroad.
2. They are setup at a fixed distance from each other between
which the density of vehicles is to be measure.
3. Both the IR sensors work as a counter to count the number of
vehicles passing by it.
4. The density is being calculated by proper calculation of net
counts made by both the counter on each side.
5. Depending upon these calculated densities , microcontroller
takes decision whether the system has to work in normal mode
or in heavy rush mode.

7. 6. The microcontroller is programmed in such a manner to
deal with all the normal and abnormal conditions.
7. Normal mode is same as traditional way of traffic control
being used presently while in heavy rush mode
microcontroller does the proper comparison between density
of each side and gives preference to the higher one.
8. The signals on each side are being controlled accordingly
by the microcontroller and thus traffic is managed very
smoothly.
9. This whole process of density calculation and comparison
goes on repeatedly again and again.

8. SYSTEM LAYOUT
The following layout gives the exact glimpse of our proposed system :-

9. ADVANTAGES
1. It mainly aims to make the traffic management system a smart
and intelligent one.
2. It saves the precious time of the commuters on road.
3. It replaces the traditional method of traffic management
system.
4. It reduces the excess expenditure of government on traffic
police.
5. It also reduces the need for the construction of more roads, as
traffic will be easily managed on the existing ones itself.
6. Fuel is saved to about 70% compared to normal timer based
traffic control.
7. Traffic can be cleared without any irregularities.

10. LIMITATIONS
1. IR sensors sometimes may absorb normal light also. As a
result, traffic system works in improper way.
2. We have to arrange IR sensors in accurate manner
otherwise they may not detect the traffic density.
3. The implementation is quite costly but yet best suited for
India’s noisy busy roads.