Role of transportation in urban development under the subject of Infrastructure & Transportation Planning (TCP-1)

1. INFRASTRUCTURE AND TRANSPORTAION
PLANNING(2714801)
P. G. CENTER IN CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
SARVAJANIK COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY, SURAT
MASTER OF ENGINEERING CIVIL (TOWN AND COUNTRY PLANNING)
Affiliated with
GUJARAT TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY
ME Civil (T&CP), Semester – I
GRADUATE REPORT
“ROLE OF TRANSPORTAION IN URBAN DEVELOPMENT”
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2. CONTENTS
1. INTRODUCTION
2. RISE OF TRANSPORTATION IN INDIA
3. MODES OF TRANSPORATION IN INDIA
4. ADVANTAGES OF TRANSPORTATION
5. ROLE OF TRANSPORTAION IN
DEVELOPMENT
6. CONCLUSION
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3. 1. INTRODUCTION
 Transportation system means which carry
men and material from one place to the
other.
 Transportation is a non separable part of
any society.
 Advances in transportation has made
possible changes in the way of living and
therefore have a great influence in the
development of civilizations.
 Transportation is the foundation stone of
economic infrastructure.
 It helps in the development of trade,
commerce and industry.
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4. 2.RISE OF TRANSPORATION IN INDIA
 Excavations at various ancient sites have led
to the discovery of toy models of carts drawn
by oxen.
 In Mauryan times there was a superintendent
of chariots and factories for the manufacture
and maintenance of chariots.
 Tonga is a light carriage or curricle drawn by a
single horse used for transportation in rural
and urban India.
 This was the fastest means of transport in
early times in India.
 Up to the middle of the 18th century, the
means of transport in India were backward.
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5.  The British rulers soon realized that a
cheap and easy system of transport was a
necessity.
 The British rulers introduced steamships
on the rivers and set about improving the
roads.
 Work on the Grand Trunk Road from
Calcutta to Delhi began in 1839 and
completed in the 1850's.
 The first railway line running
from Bombay to Thane was opened to
traffic in 1853.
 The Cycle rickshaws were introduced in
India in the 1940s.
 Cycle rickshaws were first used in
Kolkata and now also are commonly used
in many rural and urban cities of India
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6. 3. MODES OF TRANSPORTATION IN INDIA
 The various modes of transportation in India are:
1. ROADWAYS
2. RAILWAYS
3. WATERWAYS
4. AIRWAYS
1 Roadways
 India has been building roads since ancient times as is evident from
the Harappan civilisation.
 As per 2017 estimates, the total road length in India is 4,689,842 km
(2,914,133 mi) making the Indian road network the second largest
road network in the world after the United States.
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7. 2 Railways
 India's rail network is the third-longest and
the most heavily used system in the world.
 As per the records of 2015 it carries
8.225 billion passengers and over 970
million tonnes of freight annually.
 The railway network traverses through the
length and breadth of the country, covering
more than 7,000 stations over a total route
length of 65,000 km and track length of
about 115,000 km.
 The first modern rapid transit started in
India is the Kolkata Metro which stared its
operation in 1984.
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8. 3 Waterways
 India has an extensive network of inland
waterways in the form of
rivers, canals, backwaters and creeks.
 The total navigable length is 14,500
kilometres out of which about 5,200 km of
river and 485 km of canals can be used by
mechanised crafts.
 In 2015–16, Government of India, declared
106 National Waterways (NW)
under Inland Waterways Authority of
India to reduce the cost of transportation.
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9. 4 Airways
 These airlines connect more than 80
cities across India and also operate
overseas routes after the liberalisation
of Indian aviation.
 Several other foreign airlines connect
Indian cities with other major cities
across the globe.
 Mumbai-Delhi air corridor was
ranked 10th by Amadeus in 2012
among the world's busiest routes.
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10. 4. ADVANTAGES OF TRANSPORTATION
 The advantages of transportation can be realised from the social and
economic progress of the nation which have been generated by this
sector in India.
4.1 ECONOMIC BENIFITS
(a) Better Production in both Agriculture and Industrial Sectors
 It has been transporting raw materials and labour from the places of
production to different parts of the country and other countries of the
world.
(b) Reduction in Cost of Production
 The transportation network reduces the cost of manufactured goods
and lowers the price in the markets.
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11. (c) Reduction in Scarcity
 It helps in solving the problem of scarcity of goods and factors in
different regions of the country.
(d) Growth in Foreign Trade
 It helps in promoting foreign trade of the country. A country’s
exports/imports cannot develop without good parts, shipping and
cargo facilities. Thus, transportation system makes a network for
transactions among different regions as well as with other countries.
(e) Specialization of Labour and Mobilization of Resources
 By the efficient and effective transportation system, the benefits of
specialization of labour and proper mobilization can be achieved.
 Thus, an economic system makes the best use of resources through
good transport system.
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12. (f) Promotion of Tourism
 An ideal transportation promotes tourism system or services all over
the country.
(g) Expands the Market
 Markets for both industrial and agricultural products expands on both
the domestic and international front with the expansion of transport
network.
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13. 4.2 Social Benefits
(a) More Employment Opportunities
 Transportation helps to create employment opportunities and thus, it
provides employment through helping mobility of workers.
 About 18 lakhs people are employed in Indian railways. In the same
way, lakhs of people are employed in roadways, shipping and air
transport.
(b) Education Expansion
 Developed means of transport helps in the expansion of education
even in remote areas of the country.
(c) Social and Cultural Spirit
 Means of transport brings persons together living at different corners
of the country. Thus, developed means of transportation are also
responsible for international brotherhood.
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14. (d) Higher Standard of Living
 Transportation has reduced distance. As a result, we enjoy the position
to use various varieties of things produced in different corners of the
world. These standard commodities increase standard living.
(e) Relationship between Villages and Cities
 Means of transport has reduced distance between villages and cities.
Men and materials move from villages to cities and from cities to
villages. Villagers can now avail of the employment opportunities
available in cities.
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15. 5. ROLE OF TRANSPORTATION IN
DEVELOPMENT
 A well-knit and coordinated system of transport plays an important
role in the sustained economic growth of a country.
 Transport routes are the basic economic arteries of the country.
 Transport system is regarded as the controller of the national economy
and provides a very important link between production and
consumption.
 The amount of traffic moving in a country is a measure of its progress.
 In a country like India, the importance of transportation is more
because of its vastness as well as varied nature of geographical
conditions.
 The roles of transportation in society can be classified according to
economic, social and political roles.
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16. 5.1 ECONOMIC ROLE OF
TRANSPORTATION
 Economics involves production, distribution and consumption of
goods and services.
 People depend upon the natural resources to satisfy the needs of life
but due to non uniform surface of earth and due to difference in local
resources, there is a lot of difference in standard of living in different
societies.
 So there is an immense requirement of transportation of resources
from one particular society to other.
 These resources can range from material things to knowledge and skills
like movement of doctors and technicians to the places where there is
need of them.
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17. 5.2 SOCIAL ROLE OF TRANSPORTATION
 Transportation has always played an important role in influencing the
formation of urban societies.
 Although other facilities like availability of food and water played a
major role, the contribution of transportation can be seen clearly from
the formation and the development of societies, especially urban
centers.
 When the cities grow beyond normal walking distance, then
transportation technology plays a role in the formation of the city.
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18. 5.4 POLITICAL ROLE OF TRANSPORTATION
 The world is divided into numerous political units which are formed for
mutual protection, economic advantages and development of common
culture.
 Transportation plays an important role in the functioning of such
political units.
 The primary function of transportation is the transfer of messages and
information. It is also needed for rapid movement of troops in case of
emergency and finally movement of persons and goods.
 The political decision of construction and maintenance of roads has
resulted in the development of transportation system.
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19. 6.CONCLUSION
 Transport extends the range of sources of supply of goods to be
consumed in an area, making it possible for user to get resources at
cheap price and high quality.
 The use of more efficient systems of supply results in an increase in the
total amount of goods available for consumption.
 Since the supply of goods is no longer dependent on the type of mode,
items can be supplied by some alternative resources if usual source
cannot supply what is needed.
 Transportation is responsible for the development of civilizations from
very old times by meeting travel requirement of people and transport
requirement of goods. Such movement has changed the way people live
and travel.
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