Handwritten Text Recognition for manuscripts and early printed texts
Communication
1.
2. Communication is the process of sharing our ideas,
thoughts, and feelings with other people and having
those ideas, thoughts, and feelings understood by the
people we are talking with. When we communicate we
speak, listen, and observe
3. Intro
Communication is the process by which a source
transmit any messages ,ideas, information to the
receiver through a medium.
Barriers to communication are the hindrances or
difficulties involved in the process of communication
which distort the message from being properly
understood by the receiver.
6. Have you ever been talking to someone and they
misunderstand what you were saying? Why do you
think that happens? At any point in the
communication process a barrier can occur. Barriers
keep us from understanding other’s ideas and
thoughts. Barriers can appear at any point of the
communication loop
7. • external
• Fatigue
• Poor listening
barrierrs • Attitude
• Lack of interest
• Fear
• Mistrust
internal
8. Identifying barriers
Communication is about overcoming barriers.
State all the barriers
that you can think of
that impact on your
day-to-day
communication
9. Common barriers to
communication
Physical (time, environment, comfort, needs,
physical medium)
Cultural (ethnic, religious, and social differences)
Perceptional (viewing what is said from your own
mindset)
Experiential (lack of similar experience)
Emotional (personal feelings at the moment)
Linguistic (different languages or vocabulary)
10. Non-verbal (non-word messages)
Competition (noise, doing other things besides
listening)
Words (we assign a meaning to a word often
because of culture)
Context (high / low)
Gestures (misunderstood gestures are a major
barrier )
Variations in language – accent, dialect
Slang
11. Common barriers to
communication
Physiological barriers
Perceptual barriers
Emotional
Social, Cultural and ethical
Language
Gender
Interpersonal
13. Semantic barriers
Lack of common language
Poor vocabulary
Poor grammar, punctuations
Lack of clarity in the message
Use of jargons
14. Organizational
Complexity in organisation structure
Status and positions
Policies, rules and regulations
Wrong choice of medium
Communication overload
Fear of superiors
15. Emotional
These are typically formed during childhood,
remaining with you through adulthood. When you are
consistently being taught how to rein in your
emotions, not to speak unless spoken to or that it is
taboo to express your true feelings to someone, this
will surely affect your ability to communicate as an
adult.
Fear
Mistrust
Suspicion
16. Social, Cultural and ethical
Social barriers to communication include the social psychological
phenomenon of conformity; a process in which the norms, values and
behaviours of an individual begin to follow those of the wider group.
Cultural barriers to communication, which often arise where
individuals in one social group have developed different norms,
values, or behaviours to individuals associated with another group.
Ethical barriers to communication; these occur when individuals
working in an organisation find it difficult to voice dissent, even
though their organisation is acting in ways they consider to be
unethical.
17. cultural
Language differences – people who don’t speak English may have a difficult
time communicating. You should:
a. Speak slowly
b. Use nonverbal communication (smile)
c. Avoid tendency to speak louder
d. Find an interpreter
2. Eye contact – in some cultures, it’s not acceptable, and looking down is a sign
of respect
3. Terminal illness – in some cultures, the patient is NOT told his/her
prognosis, and family members are responsible for making care decisions
Touch – in some cultures, it is wrong to touch someone on the head
5. Personal care – in some cultures, only family members provide personal care
18. interpersonal
Withdrawal is an absence of interpersonal contact.
Rituals are meaningless, repetitive routines devoid of real contact.
Pastimes fill up time with others in social but superficial activities.
Games are subtle, manipulative interactions which are about winning
and losing. They include "rackets" and "stamps“
Closeness is the aim of interpersonal contact where there is a high
level of honesty and acceptance of yourself and others.
20. Working on improving your communications is a
broad-brush activity. You have to change your
thoughts, your feelings, and your physical connections.
That way, you can break down the barriers that get in
your way and start building relationships that really
work.