The case study is about the india's most well planned city that is Jaipur, Rajasthan. what is the urban sprawl in that city and how it grows that will expained in that.

1. URBAN DESIGN
INDIAN CITY - JAIPUR
SHUBHAM SISODIYA
FY M.ARCH

2. LOCATION OF THE CITY
• Jaipur (Rajasthan), is the capital and largest city of the Indian state of Rajasthan. It was
founded on 18 November 1727 by Maharaja Sawai Jai Singh II.
• Located amidst the Aravali hill ranges at an altitude of about 430m above sea level.
• Jaipur lies in Eastern Rajasthan, in the Banas River basin and forms a part of Eastern Plain
of Rajasthan.
• The eastern Rajasthan, lying to the east and south east of the Aravali divide includes the
modern administrative districts of – Udaipur, Chittorgarh, Rajsamand, Banswara, Durgapur,
Kota, Bundi, Baran, Jhalawar, Bhilwara, Ajmer, Jaipur, Tonk, Dausa, Dholpur, Karauli,
Bharatpur and Alwar.
• Jaipur is also known as Pink City and Paris of India

3. REASONS FOR MAHARAJA SAWAI JAI SINGH
TO CHANGE HIS
CAPITAL FROM AMBER TO JAIPUR (1727)
MILITARY REASONS
• Defence
• A site at the South of Amber ensured greater
distance from Delhi.
• The out skirting hill ranges (Nahargarh hills)
shaped as a horseshoe would allow the new
city to expand only in the South.
• It was an open plain bounded on the
northwest and east by hills.
GEOGRAPHICAL REASONS
• The rocky terrain of Amber restricted
expansion.
• Jaipur had the potentialities of developing
into a city with adequate drinking water
due to the presence of a perennial stream
nearby and good drainage system.
• Its rugged hills also ensured a constant
supply of building material.
Plan Section

4. The need of a new capital for 18th century
Dhoondhar as the earlier one of Amber built on
a hill was getting congested.
• Sawai Raja Jai Singh’s vision of the new
capital as a strong political statement at par with
Mughal cities and as a thriving trade and
commerce hub for the region.
• SITE : A valley located south of Amber and
the plains beyond, a terrain that was the bed of a
dried lake, dense forest cover to the
north and the east of the site.
• PHYSICAL CONSTRAINTS : Hills on the
north that housed the fort of Jaigarh and the
Amber palace beyond, and the hills on the
east, which contained the sacred spot of Galtaji.
• WATER SUPPLY: The Darbhavati river in
the north was dammed to create the Jai Sagar
and Man Sagar (that later housed the Jal Mahal)
lakes. Later the Jhotwara River in the north west
was diverted through the Amani Shah Nallah
and a number of canals were channelized
through Brahmapuri and Jai Niwas to supply
water to the city.
The site with the natural east west ridge and
the surrounding forts as defense feature

5. PLANNING OF THE CITY
• Jaipur has a linear type of
layout, wherein there is
one main street and
houses are arranged on
either side. If population
increases or more houses
are required, streets
parallel to the first street
and more cross streets are
added.
• Many urbanisms to be
one of the best planned
cities in India.
• Jaipur was painted pink
by Maharaja Man Singh
when Prince of Wales,
Later Edward VII, visited
Jaipur in 1876.
• The royal heritage of
Jaipur lives in its
architecture and culture. Ariel View Of Jaipur City

6. Unlike Dausa and Amber, the two previous capital
cities of the Dhoondhar region established on hilltop,
whose planning was guided by topographical
structure of the areas, Jaipur city was revolutionary
both in terms of its grid-iron pattern planning and its
location at the base of the hills.
• There was also a significant economic shift from
an agricultural base in Dausa and Amber to trading
in the capital of Jaipur.
• The layout of the city of Jaipur wonderfully links
the concept of a Shastric city with the practicalities
of the chosen site.
• First, the straight line of the ridge suggested itself
as the route for one of the main east-west thorough
fares and building a road along its crest makes best
possible use of the topography for the purpose of
drainage.
• What followed then was to regularize the Amber-
Sanganer road as a north-south route at right angles
to it.
• The point of intersection would be one of the city’s
main cross-roads (chaupar). The Intersection Of The Axes To Define
The Badi Chaupar (City Square).

7. • A road cutting the plain from N to S linking
Amber, the capital to Sanganer, the
principal trading town. This road had to be
preserved and controlled and therefore had
to fall within the city’s boundaries.
• A second road ran E to W between the
Mughal cities of Agra and Ajmer and
placing the new city on this already
established communication line would help
secure its economic success. However since
this was an imperial road that could not be
encroached on, thus the city had to be
contained to the north of this line.
• Also, a natural ridge runs across the plain,
N of the road and parallel to it, in a roughly
EW alignment (with a slight deviation of15
deg. from the cardinal axes). The area to its
S is flat while that to its N slopes down
gently. In Shastric terms, this is an ideal
arrangement as declivity towards the North-
East is considered the best site. In practical
terms, the ridge too had to be
accommodated. Ends of The Roads Marked By Gates In The City Wall

8. PHYSICAL PLANNING
AND DESIGN
Residential neighborhood planning concept was
Mohallas which act as module for urban growth.
Safe, secure, living environment is created where
individuals have their own horizon to flourish and
grow.
Sun path , Wind direction given atmost importance.
SUN PATH
FOLLOWING MAJOR FACTORS ARE
ALSO CONSIDERED
1. CONTOUR AND TOPOGRAPHY
2. STORM WATER DRAINAGE
3. CLIMATE
4. HYDOLOGYAND SOIL
5. CONTEXT

9. • It is a model of town planning the first planned city in India. It is based on Hindu systems
of town planning and followed the principles prescribed in the Shilpa-shastra, an ancient
Indian treatise on architecture .according to this shastra the site should be divided into grids
or mandalas ranging from 2 x 2 to 10 x 10.
• Planned according to the Prastara type of layout, which gives prominence to the cardinal
directions.
• Thus plan of Jaipur is a grid of 3 x 3 with gridlines being the city’s main streets.
CONCEPTUAL PLANNING

10. • The central axis of the town was laid from East to West between the gates of the Sun (
Suraj pol) and the moon( Chandpol ).
• This was crossed by two roads at right angles dividing the town into nine almost square,
almost equally sized blocks, which were further sub divided by lanes and alleys all at right
angles.
• By building the western boundary of the city right up to the hill’s southern apex, it provided
a continuous line of defence.
• The mandala could not be complete in the NW due to the presence of the hills.
• On the other hand in the SE an extra square has been added that plugged the gap between
the city and the eastern hills.

11. • South of the main road were four almost equal rectangles. The rectangle opposite the palace
has been broken up into two equal and smaller rectangles by the Chaura Rasta. Thus
altogether there are now five rectangles on the south of the main road called Chowkris.
• On the North of the main road from West to East are the Purani Basti, the Palace and
Ramchandraji.
• The principal bazaar leads from the western gate in the city wall, The Chand Pole, passing in
front of the Tripolia Gate, to the eastern city gate, the Suraj Pole.
1. RAMCHANDRASI 2. GANGAPOI CHAUKRI 3. TALKATORA 4. TOPKHANA
HAZURI 5. PURANI BASTI 6. TOPKHANA DESH 7. MODI KHANA / VISHESHWARJI
8. GHAT DARWAZA 9. PALACE

12. • The palace building covered two blocks, the town six and the remaining ninth block was not
usable on account of steep hills. So this North-West ward was transferred to the South-East
corner of the city, making the shape of the plan as a whole asymmetrical rather than square.
• The city’s division into nine wards was also in conformity with the Hindu caste system,
which necessitated the segregation of people belonging to different communities and ranks.
• Even the lanes were named
after the occupations of
inhabitants such as
Maniharon ka Rasta,
Thakaron ka Rasta & many
others.
• Following the directions of
the Hindu Shilpa shastra,
width of the main streets &
other lanes were fixed.
Thus the main streets of the
city were 111ft. wide,
secondary streets 55 ft.
wide & the smaller ones
27ft. wide.
The Map Of Early Planned City Of Jaipur

13. • Jaipur’s road network
follows a definite
hierarchy.
• The major East - West and
North - South road, form
the sector boundaries and
are called Rajmarg as they
lead to the city gates.
• These measure 33m. wide.
• Next there is a network of
16.5m wide which runs
North - South in each
sector linking the internal
areas of the sectors to the
major activity spine.
• An orthogonal grid of
8.25m x 4.00m roads in
the Prastara-chessboard
pattern further divide
sectors into Mohallas.
ROAD NETWORK
PUBLIC SPACES
• Chaupar • Bazaars • Mohallas • Streets • Temples

14. • First order street defines the sector size, second order street defines the neighborhood or
block. Gridiron system is used for road network for procession paths, which is relevant
today for vehicular traffic.
• Further in present system of hierarchy of roads problems related to traffic are minimum.
Internal road network have hierarchy in terms of access and privacy, hence at the same time
safe neighborhood is created. All the streets have certain character that creates every street
identifiable.

15.  CHAUPAR
• A square that occurs at the
intersection of east west roads with
three north south roads.
• 100m x 100m
• Used for public gathering on festive
occasions.
• The distance between two chaupars is
about 700m which is ideal for
pedestrian movement.
• It has controlled façade treatment
enveloping it.
• Originally only four bazaars
were planned for the city.
• These were later named as Johri
bazaar, Sireh Deori Bazaar,
Kishan Pole Bazaar & Gangori
Bazaar.
 BAZAAR

16. • The main markets, havelis and temples on the
main streets in Jaipur were constructed by the
state in the 18th century, thus ensuring that a
uniform street facade is maintained. The widths
of roads were predetermined.
• Junctions of the main axial streets formed the
two square civic open spaces called chaupars
(Badi chaupar and Chhoti chaupar). The width of
the square chaupars was three times that of the
main street.
• Historically, the chaupars were outlets for intense
social use with water structures connected by
underground aqueducts, supplying numerous
sources of drinking water at street level.
Presently, the centre of each chaupar has square
enclosures with ornamental fountains.
• The streets and chowks (central open squares in a
town) of the internal chowkries (sectors) with
numerous clusters or mohallas were not
predetermined; hence show a mix of grid iron
and organic pattern, with the basic unit of built
form being the rectangular haveli.
 STREETSCAPES AND CHOWKS
View of Main Bazaar Street
View of a Chaupar

17.  MOHALLAS - Street and dwelling unit
relationship
 TEMPLES
Galtaji Temple
Birla Temple

18. Larger buildings on the periphery and smaller ones
in the interiors.
REGULATIONS AND
GUIDELINES
Only main roads, major public spaces are controlled.
Interior of sector offers enough flexibility to individual
with freedom to express with moderate control.
Structures always built in
proportion to the roads widths.

19. AMENITIES
• Amenities are provided with
respect to king and upper class
instead of common man.
• Amenities are provided on main
road, within 5 minute walking
distance.
• Placement of amenities was done
with respect to function, use and
traffic.
• Further juxtaposition has created
distinct nodes and activity
landmarks, which ultimately has
created defined path.
• Thus socially interactive spaces
are created by design, built form
definition, open space pattern and
road pattern.
Interaction Space

20. • “Pattern” is formed when all the sectors
come together. Further there is coherence
between different sectors having enough
variety.
• There are binding elements like road
pattern, road hierarchy, built form and
open space system. These strong elements
create a whole. Open spaces are
distributed, located, allocated as per,
 Hierarchy
 User group
 Serving area
 Sense of enclosure
PATTERN, PLACEMENT AND JUXTAPOSITION OF
ROADS, AMENITIES AND OR OPEN SPACE
Road front is
commercial

21. ARCHITECTURE OF JAIPUR
• The main architect of this palace built of red and pink sandstone, is Lal Chand Ustad and
the palace is believed to have been constructed in the form of the crown of Krishna, the
Hindu god. Considered as an embodiment of Rajputana architecture, the main highlight
of Hawa Mahal is its pyramid shape and its 953 windows or 'Jharokhas' which are
decorated with intricate designs.
• The main intention behind the construction of the Mahal was to facilitate the royal
women and provide them a view of everyday life through the windows, as they never
appeared in public.
HAWA MAHAL

22. • Hawa Mahal, designed as a beehive castle with small windows, has a height of 50 feet
from its base.
• This structure, erected on a thin shield or podium approximately fifty feet high, has walls
less than a foot thick.
• Constructed of red and pink sandstones by Lal Chand Ustad.
• Hawa Mahal is famous for its windows or 'Jharokhas' which enable free circulation of air
within the structure.
JHAROKHASELEVATION OF TREATMENT
OF HAWA MAHAL

23. COURTYARD
PLANNING
VIEW OF THE CITY FROM
HAWA MAHAL
• Its entrance is a door which leads to a spacious courtyard surrounded by two-storey
buildings on three sides. Of the five storeys of the Mahal, the top three storeys have
the thickness of a single room while the bottom storeys have courtyards.
• The interior of the Hawa Mahal is stark and plain with passages and pillars reaching
to the top storey. The building does not have stairs to reach the upper floors; the
storeys are connected by slopes. From Hawa Mahal, you have an excellent view of the
city.

24. AMER FORT
Architectural Layout
The structure has four
different parts, each with a
separate entrance. The main
entry to the fort is through the
'Suraj Pol' or Sun Gate which
opens up into the main
courtyard.
This east-facing gate is also
the main entrance to the
palace and its position with respect to the rising sun is the source of its name. The 'Jaleb
Chowk' is one of the four courtyards of the Amer Palace. The 'Sila Devi' Temple is right at
the entrance to the main palace grounds. The second courtyard is famous for its 'Diwan-i-
Aam' (Public Audience Hall), the 'Sheesh Mahal' and the 'Sukh Mahal'. A very famous
attraction here is the 'Magic Flower', a fresco carved out of marble.

25. 'Diwan-i-Aam' (Public Audience Hall)
It has forty pillars and is
a best example of
intricate craftsmanship.
The wide assembly hall
measures 201′ by 67′
and has flat roof with
two gateways of arched
red sandstone to the
north and south. The
hall is divided in three parts and has nine bold arches. This is built in red sandstone and is
plastered with white shell plaster which looks like white marble. There is also a raised
rectangular stage from where the emperor used to address the audience.