Basic understanding of Transit Oriented Development, along with case studies.

1. TRANSIT ORIENTED DEVELOPMENT
Settlement Planning - Transit Oriented Development
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IIT KHARAGPUR

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INTRODUCTION
Transit oriented development (TOD)
• In urban planning, a transit-oriented development (TOD) is a type of urban
development that maximizes the amount of residential, business and
leisure space within walking distance of public transport. In doing so, TOD
aims to increase public transport ridership by reducing the use of private
cars and by promoting sustainable urban growth.
• A TOD typically includes a central transit stop (such as a train station, or
light rail or bus stop) surrounded by a high-density mixed-use area, with
lower-density areas spreading out from this center. A TOD is also typically
designed to be more walkable than other built-up areas, through using
smaller block sizes and reducing the land area dedicated to automobiles.
• The densest areas of a TOD are normally located within a radius of ¼ to ½
mile (400 to 800 m) around the central transit stop, as this is considered to
be an appropriate scale for pedestrians, thus solving the last mile problem.

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Station Centroid
TOD IntenseZone
TOD standard
Zone
Transit line
300m
800m
800m
300m
Transit Stop 1
Transit Stop 2

4. Transit oriented development (TOD) and its effect
INTRODUCTION
• Transit oriented development (TOD) aims at reducing the requirement of
movement of people from one place to the other by building residential,
office and commercial complex within walking distance of each other as the
development generally happens in a perimeter of 500 metres on either side
of the transit.
• Aiming to promote walk-to-work by bringing the entire ecosystem within
walkable distance, the policy speaks of increasing the floor area ratio for
vertical growth in the designated area.
• In a TOD, all service requirements and facilities are developed in such a way
that the need of movement is reduced in turn reducing the use of private
cars. This will bring down the additional burden on infrastructure.
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5. • Transit Oriented Development is the exciting fast growing trend in creating
vibrant, liveable, sustainable communities.
• TOD is especially cantered around the BRTs and MRTs.
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INTRODUCTION

6. • Transit oriented development is also a major solution to the serious and
growing problems of climate change and global energy security by creating
dense, walkable communities that greatly reduce the need for driving and
energy consumption. This type of living arrangement can reduce driving by
up to 85%.
• Factors driving the trend towards the TOD are :
• Rapidly growing traffic congestion nation-wide
• Rapidly growing pollution due to motorized vehicle
• Growing desire for quality urban lifestyle
• Growing desire for more walkable lifestyles away from traffic
• Changes in family structures: more singles, empty-nesters, etc
• Growing national support for Smart Growth
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WHY TOD?

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OUTCOME AND BENEFITS
• Higher quality of life
• Better places to live, work, and play
• Greater mobility with ease of moving
around
• Increased transit ridership
• Reduced traffic congestion and driving
• Reduced car accidents and injuries
• Reduced pollution to a great extent
• Healthier lifestyle with more walking,
and less stress
• Higher, more stable property values
• Increased foot traffic and customers for
area businesses
• Greatly reduced dependence on foreign
oil, reduced pollution and
environmental damage

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ADVANTAGES
• Reduced incentive to sprawl, increased incentive for compact development
• Less expensive than building roads and sprawl
• Enhanced ability to maintain economic competitiveness

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14. Norms and Guidelines
Street Design
Guidelines
Street Design
Guidelines Greater
Mumbai
Urban Street Design
Guide :
UTTIPEC, Delhi Development
authority, New Delhi
EMBARQ
National Association of City
Transportation Officials
•Street design in urban context.
•Street design as a unique practice.
•Design, goals parameters and
tools.
•NMT
•Guidelines for on-stret and
offstreet parking.
• Valuable public space and
movement corridor.
• Hierarchy and adjacent land-use.
• Guidelines for world class street .
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15. Norms and Guidelines
Street Design Guidelines (NUTP):
Mobility Goals:
To ensure preferable public transport use:
1. To Retrofit Streets for equal or higher priority for Public Transit and Pedestrians.
2. Provide transit-oriented mixed landuse patterns and redensify city within 10 minutes walk
of Station.
Safety, Comfort Goals:
1. Create “eyes on the street” – by removing setbacks and boundary walls and building to the
edge of the street ROW. This would allow people from inside to look out on to the
pavement, thus discouraging mis-behavior, shady corners, peeing, etc.)
2. In case enclosure of sites is required, transparent fencing should be used above 300 mm
height from ground level.
3. Require commercial facades to have minimum 30% transparency.
4. Create commercial/ hawking zones at regular intervals (10 minute walk from every home in
the city) to encourage walkability, increase street activity and provide safety. (e.g. Mumbai,
Shanghai)
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16. BANGALORE :
Background:
The City of Bangalore, also known locally as Bengaluru is the capital and largest city of the
State of Karnataka.
It is the fifth largest metropolitan city in the country in terms of population of 11,556,907
approximately (Year2016).
Metro line
Karnataka map
Bangalore map
Fig 5 : Metro line with stations and 600m buffer
Source BMRKCL, R 2015
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Case Study

17. M.G. ROAD :
Site map of M.G.Road Bangalore
Data Sources: Google Earth
Metro Line
Core 300
Buffer 600m
Area of Historical
Importance
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Case Study

18. • In 1998, the prominent land uses along
the M.G. Road have been commercial and
Defence.
• Tendency towards land use densification
have proliferated since the initial
speculation of Metro.
Site map of M.G.Road
Bangalore.
Soource : Google Earth
Site map of M.G.Road Bangalore
Data Sources: BBMP Property Tax Database, CDP, RMP 2015 and Primary Survey
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Case Study

19. Land use change over time period
Data Sources: BBMP Property Tax Database, CDP, RMP 2015 and Primary Survey
• Metro has induced
transformation in land
use in abutting areas.
• There is a considerable
increase in demand of
retail and office spaces.
• In nearby area there is
an increment in the
commercial use and
mixed use, while there is
decrease in the area
under residential use has
been observed.
• Commercial spaces has
been increased from
22.3% to 28.8%.
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Case Study

20. Vertical Zoning
Data Sources: http://www.urbanmobilityindia.in/
INFERANCE
• Land use Changes - Limited influence on land use changes
due to the Land ownership profile.
• Land Value Increment - Metro have a positive impact on
land values in nearby areas land along the metro corridor.
Partial benefits are leveraged due to the existing land
ownership/use profile.
• Built form Densification - Land use densification has
emerged in terms of increased building heights.
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Case Study

21. RETROFITTING PROGRAM FOR HUBLI-DHARWAD BRTS CORRIDOR 19
BENGALURU MAP
INDIRA NAGAR
WARD NO.
STUDYAREA (HA) : 388
EAST BANGALORE
OLD BAIYAPPANAHALLI
ULSOOR
MICHAELPALYA
DOMLUR
SPATIALANALYSIS
Indiranagar Bangalore :
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Case Study

22. OBJECTIVES
• To facilitate a development trend that allows higher numbers of people to use the Metro system
and discourage automobile dependent activities around the station area.
• To make the area investment friendly as well as inclusive
• To guide the design of built form to improve the street interface thereby creating a more
pedestrian friendly and safe environment.
• To develop a station area analysis and development plan methodology that can be applied to
stations across the city while ensuring that each DCR proposal caters to the needs of the context
(ecological, historical, development) in which the station is set.
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Case Study

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Case Study

24. Safe Access: Development Control Regulations:
Identification of core and buffer area
Understanding activities generatorsUnderstanding street layout
Identification of urban components
Identification of public open spaces
Identification of station typologies with
respect to city, corridor, station
Analysis with integration
Public participation
Draft safe access proposalsDraft vision Urban design concept plan
Scenarios Simulation
Public/ Stakeholder's Participation
Final safe access and regulation Plan
FinalStageDraftStageDataAnalysisInception
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Case Study

25. Case Study
COMPACT DEVELOPMENT:
Guiding Principle
• Encourage high density development in close proximity to the metro station and along
major commercial corridor.
• Increase opportunities for retail and commercial uses to locate along major commercial
corridors and minor commercial axis
• Promote increased residential development in areas with opportunities for multi-dwelling
development
• Recognise the urban transformations in land use and development occurring in the area
(residential to mixed use, and single homes to multi-dwelling) and consider them in the
proposals where suitable.
• Respond to the market conditions and capitalize on the development potentials of the
area.
• Consider people’s perception of the development of the area
• Ensure that the proposed development can be supported by the existing and proposed
infrastructure facilities of the area
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Case Study

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Case Study

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Case Study | Proposals

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Case Study | Proposals

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Case Study | Proposals

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Case Study | Proposals

32. OUTCOME AND BENEFITS
1. Compact Development Encourage high density, mixed-use development with a high
level of services in places where people stay and work within walkable and biking
distances.
2. Transit Supportive Uses Provide and intense mix of complementary activities like
residential, commercial, institutional such that they allow safe use of public spaces and
access to transit throughout the day.
3. Complete Streets Provide safe access to people (walking or biking) that allows informal
sector as well as vehicles and public transit.
4. Public Spaces Provide safe, comfortable and vibrant public spaces.
5. Cultural Landscapes Consider strategies to protect both tangible and intangible
heritage and environmentally sensitive areas that may be impacted by intensification of
development.
6. Integrated Transport Ensure efficient, comfortable, and safe shift from one transit to
another.
7. Travel Demand Management Provide strategic parking for private vehicles, bicycles,
rickshaws, auto-rickshaws and vendors.
8. Increased use of public transport for Long Distance

33. Thank you!
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