Module-I (12 Hours) Development of safety movement: - Need for safety-safety and productivity-planning for safetyplanning procedure-safety policy-formulation of safety policy-safety budget-role and qualification of safety professional-safety committees-need, types and functions of committeessafety organizations. Module II (12 Hours) Accident prevention: - Basic philosophy of accident prevention-nature and causes of accidentsaccident proneness-cost of accidents-accident prevention methods-Domino theory-safety education and training-training methods-motivation and communicating safety-personal protective equipments. Module III (12 Hours) Safety management techniques: - Safety inspection-Safety sampling technique-Safety audit- Safety survey-Incident recall technique-Job safety analysis-Damage control-Risk management. Involvement in safety: - Role of management-role of supervisors-role of workmen- role of unions-role of government Module IV (12 Hours) Occupational health and hygiene: - Functional units and activities of occupational health and hygiene-types of industrial hazards-physical, chemical, mechanical, electrical, social, biological, ergonomic and environmental hazards-factors impeding safety-house keeping-hearing conservation programme Module V (12 Hours) Industrial fire protection: - Fire chemistry-classification of fires-fire prevention activities-fire risks-fire load -contributing factors to industrial fires-fire detection-industrial fire protection systems.

1. INDUSTRIAL SAFETY

2. Elements of a Safety Program

3. Safety Program Development
 Assignment of responsibility
 Hazard identification and control
 Training and communication
 Documentation and enforcement of safety rules

4. Safety Program
 Maintenance of safe working conditions
 Setting performance goals
 Rewarding safety performance
 Reviewing circumstances involved in incidents
◦ Taking appropriate correction actions

5. Safety Program (cont’d)
 Establishing Safety performance objectives for
all levels of management
 Including safety as part of management
performance reviews
 Measuring effectiveness

6. Benefits of a Safety Program

7. Benefits
 Reduced workers’ compensation claims
 Reduced expenses related to injuries and
illnesses
 Reduced absenteeism
 Lower employee complaints

8. Benefits (cont’d)
 Improved employee morale and satisfaction
 Increased productivity
 Reduction of hidden cost
 Reduced insurance cost

9. Consequences

10. Hidden Cost
 Workers Compensation Cost
 Replacement and training cost for new or
substitute employee
 Poor Quality
 Penalties for non-compliance

11. Establishing Project-Specific Activities

12. Planning a Project
 Develop goals and objectives
 Define project team
◦ Project Manager
◦ Site Supervisor
◦ Site Safety
 Other Programs

13. Roles and Responsibilities
 Supervisors/Management
◦ Establish safe work practices
◦ Enforce safety rules and regulations
◦ Train employees how to avoid hazards
◦ Enforce reporting work-related injuries, illnesses, and
near misses
 Investigate causes of incidents or near misses
 Take the appropriate action to prevent recurrence
◦ Ensure prompt medical attention

14. Roles and Responsibilities (cont’d)
 Safety Professional
◦ Develop and implement accident prevention
programs
◦ Advise management on company policies and
governmental regulations
◦ Evaluate effectiveness of existing safety programs
◦ Train management in safety observation techniques

15. Why Have a Plan?
 Designed to Protect
◦ Personnel
◦ Environment
◦ Public
◦ Operation and Equipment

16. Why Have a Plan (cont’d)
 Government Regulations
◦ OSHA
◦ EPA
◦ State/Local
 Public/Private Requirements

17. Typical Programs
 Recordkeeping
◦ OSHA 300 log and supplementary forms
◦ OSHA 301, accident investigations
◦ Workers' compensation cases
◦ Employee's medical history

18. Typical Programs (cont’d)
 Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
◦ Proper use
◦ Employee training
◦ Enforcement
 Dusty Operations
 Unknown hazards
 Hazardous waste operations and Emergency Response

19. Typical Programs(cont’d)
 Hazard communication program
◦ Written program development and implementation
◦ Chemical Inventory
◦ Communicate safe work methods for:
 Jobs-Specific activities
 Non-routine tasks
 Labeling requirements
 MSDS
 Employee training (contractors)

20. Typical Programs(cont’d)
 Machine guarding
◦ Make sure that machine guarding is:
 Replaced and tested for proper function when removed for
maintenance
 Review electrical and mechanical interlocks to see if they
work properly
 Equipment Repair
◦ Inspect and repair and/or replaced defective parts

21. Typical Programs(cont’d)
 Lockout/Tagout
◦ Make sure that lockout/tagout procedures are established
◦ Employees trained
 Others
◦ Confined-space entry
◦ Excavation
◦ Heavy equipment
◦ Air monitoring

22. TopViolations
Citation Reference Description
◦ 29 CFR 1910.1200 (e)(1) Hazard Communication
◦ 29 CFR 1904.2 (a) Recordkeeping
◦ 29 CFR 1903.2 Signage
◦ 29 CFR 1910.147 Lockout/Tagout

23. TopViolations(cont’d)
Citation Reference Description
◦ 29 CFR 1910.212 (a)(1) Machine Guarding
◦ 29 CFR 1910.215 (b)(9) Abrasive Wheel Machinery
◦ 29 CFR Subpart I Personal Protective
Equipment

24. Formulating the Plan
 Team Effort Required
◦ Management
◦ Supervisors
◦ Laborers

25. Formulating the Plan (cont’d)
 Developing Scope ofWork
 Identifying Controls for Reducing Hazards
 Reviewing Hazards of eachTask
◦ Physical
◦ Chemical
◦ Biological

26. Formulating the Plan (cont’d)
 Review
◦ Facility
◦ Operations
◦ Hazardous Materials
 Points to Consider
◦ Details of the Plan
◦ Degree of Action Required
◦ Envision Potential Incidents
◦ Review Previous Incidents

27. Finalizing the Plan
 “User-Friendly” Plan
 Final Review
 Outside Audit

28. Implementing the Work Plan
 Essential in reducing injuries and illnesses
 Maintains a safe environment
 Designed to protect employees, company’s
facilities, and local community

29. Work Plan (cont’d)
 Pre-entry briefing to alert personnel of hazards
 Conduct Job Hazard Analysis as appropriate
 Periodic safety inspection
◦ Correct known deficiencies
 Must be available for review and updated as
required

30. Preparing Scope of Work
 Teamwork
◦ Brain Storming
 Project Impact Items
 Show Stoppers
 Delegating Responsibilities
 Project Review

31. General Requirements
 Company Policies
 Site Description, Background
 Site Security
 Emergency Response

32. Identifying Project-Specific Requirements
 Job Hazard Analysis
◦ Select activities with highest risk
◦ Break activity into individual components
◦ Identify potential hazards in each component
◦ Develop procedures to eliminate/reduce hazard

33. Contractor Pre-qualification
 Must complete pre-qualification
◦ Incident rates
◦ Experience Modification Rates (EMR)
◦ OSHA recordable cases
◦ General company information
◦ Safety programs
◦ Medical surveillance programs
◦ Management philosophy

34. Project Start-Up
 Review Contractor’s
◦ Scope of work
◦ H&S plan
 Site-Specific training
 Pre-Construction Meeting

35. Determine Contractor Relationship
 Identify who supervises contractor employees
 Must have on-site project supervisor/manager
 Must share responsibility/liability

36. Contractor Project Management
 Must share responsibility/liability
 Must be able to interpret/manage safety
programs, solve problems effectively
 Must have skills to recognize legal, financial, and
customer relations

37. Contractor-Management Responsibilities
 29 CFR 1926.16(d)
◦ “Where joint responsibilities exists both the prime and their
subcontractor or subcontractors, regardless of tier, shall be
considered subject to the enforcement provisions of this Act”
 29 CFR 1926.16(c)
◦ “With respect to subcontracted work, the prime contractor
and any subcontractor or subcontractors shall be deemed to
have joint responsibility”

38. Develop Emergency Response
 Qualified to Perform
 Equipment/ResponseTime Adequate
 Aware of Operations and Hazards

39. Problems with Emergency Response
 Guidelines NOT Followed
 Improper Initial Response
 Non-functioning Equipment
 Environmental Conditions

40. Emergency Response Critique
 OSHA/EPA Requirements
 Reviews Incidents
 Develops New Procedures
 EnhancesTraining

41. Continual Improvement
 Guidelines must be created for improvement
◦ Company policies
◦ Contractors rules/procedures
◦ H&S Plan
 Learning from mistakes
 Safety must be measured and monitored

42. Reviewing On-Going Operations
 Conduct site safety inspections
 Review training records and work permits
 Review air monitoring data
 Review how deficiencies are detected and
corrected
 Conduct progress meetings

43. Summary
 Eliminate hazards
 Reduce risks when hazards cannot be
eliminated
 Provide warning devices
 Develop and implement procedures and
training

44. Summary (cont’d)
 Engineering controls
◦ Preferred
◦ Permanent
◦ Not as dependent on human errors as other types
of controls, and is less likely to fail
 Problem is usually corrected for good

45. Summary (cont’d)
 Accountability must be present
 Management commitment must be visible
 Teamwork is a requisite for success
 “Paper” safety programs are not acceptable

47. MODULE – 2
ACCIDENT PREVENTION
•Basic philosophy of accident prevention
•Nature & cause of accident
•Accident proneness
•Cost of accidents
•Accident prevention method
•Domino theory
•Safety education 7 training
•Training methods
•Motivation & communicating safety
•Personal protective equipments (PPE)

50. INCIDENT- Situations which have occurred and
that had the potential to harm to a person or
damage equipment or property.
ACCIDENT – Unexpected and undesirable event
which causes or likely to cause damage or harm or
injury.

51. .

58. COST OF ACCIDENTS

69. If it look unsafe you should
•Report
•Encourage
•Inspect
•Inform
•Alert
•Accountable
•Be safe

70. ACCIDENT PRONENESS

77. SAFETY COMMUNICATION
 Internal communication
• Presentation, staff & HSE committees, team
meetings, emails, videos, notice boards, news
letters, poster etc.
 External communication
• Annual reports, publications, telephone
enquiries etc.

78. 1. HSE mission statement, policy, plan
2. HSE statistics
3. Safety induction
4. Risk assessment
5. Manuals, checklist and operating procedure
hazards, incidents and near misses
7. Training
8. HSE website
9. Brochures, Posters & Videos
10. Safety week
11. Public report
12. HSE conference

79. Communication Strategies
1. Barriers to effective communication
2. Language and words
3. Complaints and criticisms
4. Questioning

80. Basic Communication Tips
1. Think before you speak
2. Mind your body language
3. Be effective in speaking
4. Keep it simple
5. Consistent message
6. Provide support
7. Reinforce the message
8. Express appreciation
9. Know your employees
10.Set an example

85. MODULE 3
SAFETY MANAGEMENT & TECHNIQUES

86. Did You Know?
Workplace Hazards--
Can cause:
• Death
• Injury
• Damage to equipment

87. Inspections help…
• Maintain a safe work environment
• Control unsafe acts and conditions
• Ensure operational efficiency

88. WHAT TO INSPECT?
 The entire workplace
 Both interior & exterior work
environments.

89. Checklist Categories
• Building Safety
• Office Safety
• Fire Safety
• Electrical Safety
• Emergency Equipment
• Storage Methods

90. TYPES OF INSPECTIONS
• Formal Inspections
• Daily/Weekly Inspections
• Special Function Inspections

91. WHO CAN CONDUCT INSPECTIONS
• Employees
• Supervisors
• Safety Coordinators
• Management
• Safety Committee Members
• Outside Vendors/insurance companies

93. STEPS IN SAFETY INSPECTION
1. PALNNING
2. DEVELOPING
3. RECORDING
4. FOLLOW UP
5. MONITORING

94. SAFETY SAMPLING TECHNIQUE
• Defined as the grouping of dangerous
activities, processes, areas etc.
– Purpose of study
– Where to sample , what, who, how, analyze

95. SAFETY AUDIT
 Safety auditing is a core safety management
activity, providing a means of identifying potential
problems before they have an impact on safety.
The objective of safety audit is to:
 Verify compliance with established standards
(regulations, internal policies and industry wise
standards of practice)
 Identify deviation from designed and planned
operating and maintenance procedure and
standards.
 Identify conditions or operating procedures that
could lead to an accident and significant losses to life
or property.

96. • The General Safety Audit encompasses almost all
aspects of safety namely the Safety Management
System, Electrical Safety, Fire Safety, Mechanical
Safety, Maintenance, Physical & Chemical and
construction safety.

97. SAFETYAUDIT STEPS
1. Preparing for an Audit
2. Conduct the Audit
3. Create an Audit Report and Recommended
Actions
4. Set Corrective Action Priorities
5. Publish Audit Results

100. Safety surveys
• Safety surveys generally are cost-
effective, easy to administer and flexible
method for identifying hazards by
sampling the workforce opinion within
an organization.
• Surveys are used as a safety monitoring
tool to assess whether an existing
situation or organizational aspect is
satisfactory

102. •Anyone performing inspections should be
trained on how to conduct those inspections.
•Daily, all employees should make a visual
inspection of their workplace prior to
beginning work.
•Supervisors, Safety Coordinators, and
Management personnel, as part of their daily
work routine, should make continuous visual
inspections and take corrective action to
address any unsafe acts or unsafe conditions
observed.

103. •Safety Coordinators, Management
personnel, and/or Safety Committee
Members may inspect workplaces, accident
scenes, etc. when necessary

105. Incident recall
• Critical incident recall is an
technique particularly suited to high risk
environments.
• This method is based on collecting
information on hazards, near-misses,
unsafe conditions and unsafe actions from
working people.
• It can be used to investigate man-machine
relationship and to improve equipment and
operations.

106. •The technique consists of interviewing
personnel regarding involvement in
accident or near-misses, errors,
mistakes, difficulties and conditions
which may cause accident.
•It accomplishes the same result as an
accident investigation. Even isolated
incidents reported by the technique can
be investigated to determine whether
corrective action is necessary or
advantageous.

107. Job safety analysis (JSA)
• A job safety analysis (JSA) is a procedure which
helps integrate accepted safety and health
principles and practices into a particular task
or job operation.
• A systematic method of identifying hazards &
control measures to safely perform a specific
task.

108. BENEFITS OF JSA
• Training of new employees
• Accident investigation tool
• Supervisor evaluation tool
• Consistency in training
• Injury reduction

109. JSA PROCEDURE / STEPS
1. Select the job
2. Perform the Analysis / breaking the job
3. Identify hazards
4. Develop solutions
5. Conduct a Follow-up Analysis
6. Use of the Job Safety Analysis
7. Recordkeeping

110. Damage control
• The technique involves the systematic reporting,
investigation, costing and control of damage
accidents within an organization
1. Reporting
2. Investigation
3. Costing
4. Control

111. RISK MANAGEMENT
What is a "hazard?
An unsafe condition or practice that may or
may not cause damage to property,
equipment, materials or the environment OR
an injury or illness to an employee.
What is a risk :-
A risk is the chance that a hazard will actually
harm a worker

112. RISK ASSESMENT :-
• Overall Process of estimating the magnitude of
risk and deciding whether or not the risk is
tolerable.
• Risk factors to consider:
–Frequency: How many workers and how often
–Severity: How serious the harm
–Probability: How likely could it happen

113. RISK MANAGEMENT
• The process of identification, analysis, assessment,
control, and avoidance, minimization, or elimination
of unacceptable risks.

115. Involvement in safety
1. Role of management
 Management provides the leadership, vision, and resources
needed to implement an effective safety and health program.
Management leadership means that business owners,
managers, and supervisors:
• Make worker safety and health a core organizational value.
• Are fully committed to eliminating hazards, protecting
workers, and continuously improving workplace safety and
health.
• Provide sufficient resources to implement and maintain the
safety and health program.
• Visibly demonstrate and communicate their safety and
health commitment to workers and others.
• Set an example through their own actions.

116. • Communicate your commitment to a safety
and health program
• Define program goals
• Allocate resources
• Expect performance

117. 2. ROLE OF SUPERVISOR
1. Coordinate employee training sessions
2. Take advantage of “teachable moments”
3. Model what employees learn in training
4. Discussing changes to safety and health
policies/procedures
5. Completing incident investigations
6. Performing safety and health inspections
7. Be familiar with safety and health policies and
procedures
8. Conduct regular inspections of your work area
9. Provide feedback to employees on inspection
findings

118. 3.ROLE OF WORKMEN
1. Following established health and safety policies and
procedures.
2. Maintaining your personal work area in a clean and
orderly manner.
3. Wearing, maintaining and properly storing your
personal protective equipment (PPE).
4. Attending all safety training that your employer offers.
5. Volunteering to serve on your Safety Committee.
6. Using safe work practices to eliminate slips, trips and
falls.
7. Lifting safely and helping others to do the same.
8. Labeling all chemical containers and becoming familiar
with material safety data sheets.
9. Knowing evacuation procedures and the location of
emergency equipment.

119. 4. ROLE OF UNIONS

122. THANK YOU

123. MODULE 4
OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH & HYGIENE

124. What is Industrial Hygiene?
Industrial hygiene is the science of anticipating,
recognizing, evaluating, and controlling
workplace conditions that may cause workers'
injury or illness.
Key factors:
Employee exposure to hazards
Control for hazards to protect workers

125. Steps to Protect Employees
•Anticipate potential hazards
•Recognize potential hazards
•Evaluate exposure and risk
•Control exposure and risk

126. 1. Anticipate potential hazards
Identify potential hazards in the work place
2. Recognize potential hazards
• Air contaminants
• Chemical hazards
• Biological hazards
• Physical hazards
• Ergonomic hazards

127. Air Contaminants
• Dusts
• Fumes
• Mist
• Vapors
• Fibers
• Gases
© Business & Legal Reports, Inc. 0912

128. Hazards Due to
Chemical Properties
• Eye, nose, throat,
upper respiratory, skin
irritation
• Flu-like symptoms
• Difficulty breathing
• Fatigue
• Loss of coordination
• Memory difficulties
• Sleeplessness
• Mental confusion

129. Biological Hazards
• Bacteria
• Viruses
• Fungi
© Business & Legal Reports, Inc. 0912

130. Physical Hazards
–Electromagnetic
radiation
–Noise
–Vibration
–Illumination
–Temperature

131. Ergonomic Hazards
– Eye strain
– Repetitive motion
injuries
– Lifting injuries
•Physiological Hazards
Awkward movements
Muscle strain
• Psychological Hazards
– Boredom
– Concentrated attention
– Simulated inputs

132. 3.Evaluation
The extend of exposure to the chemical hazard,
physical, biological agents, adverse ergonomic
situation in the work place.

133. 4. Control
1. Engineering controls: Remove hazard
Process change, Chemical substitution
Ventilation, Shielding, Guarding
Requires little or no employee action
2. Administrative controls: Manage exposure
Worker rotation, Procedures, Training
Trench shoring, Controlled access areas
Requires employee action
3. Personal protective equipment (PPE)
Respirators, Gloves, Boots, Clothing
Fall protection equipment, Hard hats
Requires individual employee action

134. Benefits of occupational hygiene
•Improved worker health and increased life
expectancy
•Reduction in the number of people who have to
leave employment early through injury or illness
•Lower social and healthcare costs as well as
maximizing worker potential
•More efficient working processes with
technological improvements and increased
productivity.

135. Components occupational health services
•Health counseling
. Stress management
. Mental health
. And Physical health
. Rehabilitation programme
. Medical rehabilitation
. Social rehabilitation
. Educational rehabilitation
. Vocational rehabilitation

136. What is Occupational Hygiene?
Exposure
Work Activity
Disease
Occupational
Hygiene
Occupational
Medicine
Occupational
Health

138. What is a "hazard?“
An unsafe condition or practice that may or
may not cause damage to property,
equipment, materials or the environment OR
an injury or illness to an employee.

139. TYPES OF HAZARDS:-
1. PHYSICAL HAZARD
2. CHEMICAL HAZARD
3. MECHANICAL HAZARD
4. ELECTRICAL HAZARD
5. SOCIAL HAZARD
6. BIOLOGICAL HAZARD
7. ERGONOMICS HAZARD
8. ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARD

140. PHYSICAL HAZARD
A physical hazard is an agent, factor or
circumstance that can cause harm with or without
contact.
Physical Hazards include:
• Radiation: including ionizing, non ionizing (EMF’s,
microwaves, radio waves, etc.)
•High exposure to sunlight/ultraviolet rays
•Temperature extremes – hot and cold Constant
loud noise

141. CHEMICAL HAZARDS: Are present when a worker is exposed
to any chemical preparation in the workplace in any form
(solid, liquid or gas). Some are safer than others, but to
some workers who are more sensitive to chemicals, even
common solutions can cause illness, skin irritation, or
breathing problems.
Beware of:
•Liquids like cleaning products, paints, acids, solvents –
ESPECIALLY if chemicals are in an unlabeled container
• Vapors and fumes that come from welding or exposure to
solvents
•Gases like acetylene, propane, carbon monoxide and
helium
•Flammable materials like gasoline, solvents, and explosive
chemicals.
•Pesticides

142. BIOLOGICAL HAZARDS: Associated with working with
animals, people, or infectious plant materials.
•Work in schools, day care facilities, colleges and
universities, hospitals, laboratories, emergency
response, nursing homes, outdoor occupations, etc.
may expose you to biological hazards.
Types of things you may be exposed to include:
• Blood and other body fluids
• Fungi/mold
•Bacteria and viruses
•Plants
• Insect bites
• Animal and bird droppings

143. ERGONOMIC HAZARDS:
Occur when the type of work, body positions
and working conditions put strain on your body.
The are the hardest to spot si ce ou do ’t alwa s
immediately notice the strain on your body or the
harm that these hazards pose.
Short ter e posure a result i sore uscles
the next day or in the days following exposure, but
long-term exposure can result in serious long-term
illnesses.

144. Ergonomic Hazards include:
• Improperly adjusted workstations and chairs
• Frequent lifting
• Poor posture
• Awkward movements, especially if they are
repetitive
• Repeating the same movements over and over
• Having to use too much force, especially if you
have to do it frequently
• Vibration

145. Mechanical Hazards
Mechanical hazards are created as a result of either
powered or manual (human) use of tools, equipment or
machinery and plant.
Where Mechanical Hazards Occur
•The point of operation: that point where work is
performed on the material, such as cutting, shaping,
boring, or forming of stock.
•Power transmission apparatus: all components of the
mechanical system that transmit energy to the part of the
machine performing the work. These components include
flywheels, pulleys, belts, connecting rods, couplings, cams,
spindles, chains, cranks, and gears.
•Other moving parts: all parts of the machine that move
while the machine is working. These may include
reciprocating, rotating, and transverse moving parts, as
well as feed mechanisms and auxiliary parts of the machine.

147. Social hazard
Social hazards, also called complex
emergencies, seriously limit a populatio ’s
access to health services, water, food, and
transportation, all of which are
determinants of health.
Examples
•Living in an old toxic waste
•Smoking
•Job deals with harmful chemicals
•Diet

149. Environmental hazard
It is a substance, state or event which has the
potential to threaten the surrounding natural environment /
or adversely affect people's health,
including pollution and natural disasters such as storms and
earthquakes.
EXAMPLES
1. Air pollution
2. Overpopulation
3. Waste management
4. Noise pollution
5. Light pollution
6. Water pollution
7. Radiation

154. Tips for effective workplace housekeeping
•Prevent slips, trips and falls
•Eliminate fire hazards
•Control dust
•Avoid tracking materials
•Prevent falling objects
•Clear clutter
•Store materials properly
•Use and inspect personal protective equipment and tools
•Determine frequency
•Create written rules
•Think long-term

155. MODULE 5
INDUSTRIAL FIRE PROTECTION

156. 2
fire
Definition
It is a chemical chain
reaction which takes place with
the evolution of heat and light.

157. 3
Essentials of Fire
OxygenFuel FIRE
Heat

158. 4
Oxygen Heat
Fuel
OXYGEN SOURCE HEAT SOURCES
Approx. 16% Required
Normal air contains 21% of oxygen
Some Fuels contains its own oxygen
supply
GASES
To Reach Ignition Temp.
Open Flame, the Sun,Hot Surface,
Sparks & Arcs, Friction, Chemical
Action, Elec. Energy & Gas Compression
LIQUIDS SOLIDS
Natural Gas,
Propane, CO,
Butane, Hydrogen,
Acetylene,
Gasoline, Kerosene,
Turpentine, Alcohol,
Paint, Varnish, Olive
oil, Lacquer
Coal, Wood, Paper,
Cloth, Wax, Grease,
Leather, Plastic,
Sugar, Grain, Hay,

159. .

160. Classification of Fires
• Class A Fires
(usually occur in ordinary
materials, like wood, paper, rags, &
rubbish)
• Class B Fires
(usually occur with a vapor-air
mixture over the surface of
flammable liquids such as gasoline,
oil, grease, and paints)

161. • Class C Fires
(electrical fires)
• Class D Fires
(usually occur in combustible metals
such as magnesium, titanium, and
potassium)
Classification of Fires (Cont.)

162. Classification of Fires (Cont.)
• Class F/ K Fires
(usually involve cooking greases or
cooking oils)
Fire prevention is a function
of many fire departments. The
goal of fire prevention is to
educate the public to take
precautions to prevent
potentially harmful fires, and
be educated about surviving
them. It is a proactive method
of reducing emergencies and
the damage caused by them.

163. 9
Fire Prevention
The measures need to be adopted are given below:
•Prohibit smoking in storage areas of flammable materials.
•If electrical equipment is not working properly or if it
gives off an unusual odour disconnect the equipment and
call an approved electrician.
•Properly replace any electrical cord that is cracked or has
broken connection.
•When using extension cords, protect them from damage.
Do not put them across doorways or any place where they
will be stepped on or chafed. Check the amperage load
specified by the manufacturer.
•Do not plug an extension cord into another, and do not
plug more than one extension cord into one outlet.

164. 10
Fire Prevention
•Keep all heat producing appliances away from the wall
and away from anything that might burn. Leave plenty of
space for air to circulate around equipment that normally
gives off heat.
•Make sure all appliances in your area such as hot plates,
ovens, toasters, mixers, grinders, geezers, clothing irons
are turned off when not in use.
•Use ash trays and empty them only when you are sure the
ashes, matches and butts are cold.
•Make sure that no one including visitors, has left
cigarettes smolderings in waste – baskets or on furniture’s,
sofas, beds, etc.

165. 11
Fire Prevention
•Keep storage areas, stairway landings and other
out of way locations free of waste paper, empty
cartons, dirty rags and other material that could fuel
a fire.
•Report all fire hazards to the officer or any person
authorized.
•Create awareness to use fire retardant furniture’s,
carpets, curtains, etc.
•Follow good housekeeping practices – because a
clean house is a safe house.

166. 12
Fire Protection Methods
1. Confining fire
2. Controlling smoke
3. Exits
4. Evacuation
5. Ventilation
6. Fire doors
7. Connections for sprinklers and standpipes

167. Controlling Fires
•Cool a fire
•Remove fuel from a fire
•Limit oxygen in a fire
•Interrupt the chain reaction in a fire
•Use extinguishing agents

171. FIRE RISK
IT IS THE LIKEHOOD THAT A FIRE WILL
OCCURE AND THE IMPACT OF THAT FIRE FOR THE
WORKERS IN THE SITE.

172. Fire load -
In simple terms fire loading is a
measurement used by fire-fighters and
other fire safety professionals to
determine the potential severity of
a fire in a given space.

173. Contributing factors to industrial fire
•Common Causal Factors:
- Design flaws in ventilation system
- Lack of hazard assessment
- Lack of prevention
•May cause explosion when:
- Dispersed in air or other oxidant
- Concentration is at or above minimum explosible
concentration
- Ignition source is present
- Dust is confined
Explosions can cause major damage and even
trigger secondary explosion.

174. Fire detector :-
It sense one or more of the products or
phenomena resulting from fire, such
as smoke, heat, infrared and/or ultraviolet light
radiation, or gas.
Types-
1. Heat detector
2. Flame
3. Smoke
4. Fire gas

180. What is a Fire Safety Plan?
A Fire Safety Plan is a detailed document
designed to deal with all aspects of fire safety relating
to a specific building or property. The document is
intended to be a reference manual outlining the fire
safety practices to be routinely used

181. Benefits of Implementing a Fire Safety Plan
•Reduces the incidence of fire
•Promotes fire hazard identification and
elimination
•Promotes employee safety and awareness
•Increases employee morale by allaying safety
concerns
•Coordinates business and fire department
resources during a fire emergency
•Reduces the potential impact of a fire on the
business and community (injuries, dollar losses,
liability, etc.)
•Enhances Fire Code compliance

182. STEPS IN SAFETY PLAN
Step 1 - Conduct a Fire Safety Audit
Step 2 - Appointment and Organization of Supervisory Staff
Step 3 - Develop Emergency Procedures
Step 4 - Fire Drill Procedures and Training
Step 5 - Maintenance of Building Facilities and Fire
Protection Equipment
Step 6 - Alternate Measures for Temporary Shutdown of
Fire Protection Equipment or Systems
Step 7 - Control of Fire Hazards
Step 8 - Fire Department Access For Fire Fighting and
Related Fire Suppression Information
Step 9 - Preparing Schematic Diagrams and Site Plans
Step 10 - Posting Emergency Procedures and Emergency
Phone Number

183. Fire Protection

184. Fire Protection

185. Fire Protection