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Chap15
1.
11 Chapter 15Chapter 15 The
BureaucracyThe Bureaucracy
2.
22Copyright © 2013
CengageCopyright © 2013 Cengage WHO GOVERNS?WHO GOVERNS? 1.1. What happened to make theWhat happened to make the bureaucracy a “fourth branch” ofbureaucracy a “fourth branch” of American national government?American national government? 2.2. What are the actual size and scope ofWhat are the actual size and scope of the federal bureaucracy?the federal bureaucracy? TO WHAT ENDS?TO WHAT ENDS? 1.1. What should be done to improveWhat should be done to improve bureaucratic performance?bureaucratic performance? 2.2. Is “red tape” all bad?Is “red tape” all bad?
3.
33Copyright © 2013
CengageCopyright © 2013 Cengage
4.
44 Distinctiveness of the
AmericanDistinctiveness of the American BureaucracyBureaucracy Political authority is shared amongPolitical authority is shared among several institutions.several institutions. Federal government agencies shareFederal government agencies share functions with state and localfunctions with state and local governments.governments. ““Adversary culture” leads to closeAdversary culture” leads to close public scrutiny.public scrutiny. Copyright © 2013 CengageCopyright © 2013 Cengage
5.
55 Proxy GovernmentProxy Government
Social SecuritySocial Security MedicareMedicare EnvironmentalEnvironmental protectionprotection Income taxIncome tax collectioncollection Many militaryMany military dutiesduties Copyright © 2013 CengageCopyright © 2013 Cengage People taken by boat away from their New Orleans homes that were struck by Hurricane Katrina in 2008. Mario Tama/Getty Images
6.
66 The Growth of
the BureaucracyThe Growth of the Bureaucracy The BeginningThe Beginning The AppointmentThe Appointment of Officialsof Officials A Service RoleA Service Role A Change in RoleA Change in Role • Great DepressionGreat Depression • World War IIWorld War II • Effects of 9/11Effects of 9/11 Copyright © 2013 CengageCopyright © 2013 Cengage
7.
77 The Federal Bureaucracy
TodayThe Federal Bureaucracy Today Has the size of the Federal bureaucracyHas the size of the Federal bureaucracy increased since 1960?increased since 1960? • The number of Federal employees (excludingThe number of Federal employees (excluding the Post Office) is roughly the same.the Post Office) is roughly the same. • However, an estimated 13 million people nowHowever, an estimated 13 million people now workwork indirectlyindirectly for the Federal government asfor the Federal government as employees of private firms and state/localemployees of private firms and state/local agencies largely supported by federal funds.agencies largely supported by federal funds. Copyright © 2013 CengageCopyright © 2013 Cengage
8.
88Copyright © 2013
CengageCopyright © 2013 Cengage Sources: Statistical Abstract of the United States 2009, Table 481. Federal Bureau of Prisons WeeklySources: Statistical Abstract of the United States 2009, Table 481. Federal Bureau of Prisons Weekly Population Report and Quick Facts (available at http://www.bop.gov/locations/weekly_report.jsp; andPopulation Report and Quick Facts (available at http://www.bop.gov/locations/weekly_report.jsp; and http://www.bop.gov/news/quick.jsp#5).http://www.bop.gov/news/quick.jsp#5).
9.
99 Copyright © 2013
CengageCopyright © 2013 Cengage Source: Outlays: Statistical Abstract of the United States, 2004-2005, Table 461, and Historical Statistics of the United States, Series F-32 and Y-340, Civilian employment and pages in the Federal Register: Harold W. Stanley and Richard G. Niemi, Vital Statistics on American Politics (Washington, D.C.: Congressional Quarterly Press, 2010), 255.
10.
1010 The Federal Bureaucracy
TodayThe Federal Bureaucracy Today Recruitment and RetentionRecruitment and Retention • Federal Civil Service SystemFederal Civil Service System Office of Personnel ManagementOffice of Personnel Management The competitive serviceThe competitive service The excepted serviceThe excepted service • Not hired by the OPMNot hired by the OPM • Some are nonpartisan in natureSome are nonpartisan in nature • Some are patronage jobs available to theSome are patronage jobs available to the PresidentPresident Copyright © 2013 CengageCopyright © 2013 Cengage
11.
1111 The Federal Bureaucracy
TodayThe Federal Bureaucracy Today Recruitment and RetentionRecruitment and Retention • The Buddy SystemThe Buddy System • Firing a BureaucratFiring a Bureaucrat • The Agencies’ Point of ViewThe Agencies’ Point of View Copyright © 2013 CengageCopyright © 2013 Cengage Fire erupting from the offshore oil rig operated by BP in the Gulf of Mexico near American land. HO/AFP/Getty Images/Newscom
12.
1212Copyright © 2013
CengageCopyright © 2013 Cengage
13.
1313 The Federal Bureaucracy
TodayThe Federal Bureaucracy Today Personal AttributesPersonal Attributes • Social ClassSocial Class • EducationEducation • Personal BeliefsPersonal Beliefs • Comparing political appointees andComparing political appointees and career bureaucrats to the averagecareer bureaucrats to the average American citizenAmerican citizen Copyright © 2013 CengageCopyright © 2013 Cengage
14.
1414 Figure 15.2 Characteristics
of Federal CivilianFigure 15.2 Characteristics of Federal Civilian Employees, 1960 and 2005Employees, 1960 and 2005 Copyright © 2013 CengageCopyright © 2013 Cengage Sources: Statistical Abstract of the United States, 1961, 392–394; Statistical Abstract of the United States, 2009, Table 482. *Blacks, Native Americans, Hispanics, Asians, and Pacific Islanders
15.
1515 The Federal Bureaucracy
TodayThe Federal Bureaucracy Today Do Bureaucrats Sabotage TheirDo Bureaucrats Sabotage Their Political Bosses?Political Bosses? • To block or to carry out?To block or to carry out? • Whistle Blower Protection Act-1989Whistle Blower Protection Act-1989 • How common is bureaucratic sabotage?How common is bureaucratic sabotage? Copyright © 2013 CengageCopyright © 2013 Cengage
16.
1616Copyright © 2013
CengageCopyright © 2013 Cengage An Amtrak train speeding along its tracks. Amtrak service costs the federal government much more than the train earns in fares. A letter carrier picks up mail; his employer, the U.S. Postal Service, is running a huge deficit. Peter Steiner/Alamy AP Images
17.
1717 The Federal Bureaucracy
TodayThe Federal Bureaucracy Today Culture and CareersCulture and Careers • The informal understanding amongThe informal understanding among fellow employees as to “how” they arefellow employees as to “how” they are supposed to act.supposed to act. • Agency “career-enhancing” jobsAgency “career-enhancing” jobs Copyright © 2013 CengageCopyright © 2013 Cengage
18.
1818 The Federal Bureaucracy
TodayThe Federal Bureaucracy Today Constraints – Why so many?Constraints – Why so many? • Those imposed by legislationThose imposed by legislation • Split responsibilities with other agenciesSplit responsibilities with other agencies • The overall effects of the Constitution onThe overall effects of the Constitution on agency behavioragency behavior Copyright © 2013 CengageCopyright © 2013 Cengage
19.
1919Copyright © 2013
CengageCopyright © 2013 Cengage
20.
2020 The Federal Bureaucracy
TodayThe Federal Bureaucracy Today Agency AlliesAgency Allies • Iron TrianglesIron Triangles Government AgencyGovernment Agency Committee in CongressCommittee in Congress Interest GroupInterest Group • Issue NetworksIssue Networks Interest GroupsInterest Groups Congressional StaffsCongressional Staffs Universities and Think TanksUniversities and Think Tanks Mass MediaMass Media Copyright © 2013 CengageCopyright © 2013 Cengage
21.
2121 Copyright © 2013
CengageCopyright © 2013 Cengage The F-35 Joint Strike Fighter made by Lockheed Martin for the American military and some of its allies. AP Images
22.
2222 Congressional OversightCongressional Oversight
Congressional Oversight of ExecutiveCongressional Oversight of Executive Branch AgenciesBranch Agencies The Appropriations Committee andThe Appropriations Committee and Legislative CommitteesLegislative Committees The Legislative VetoThe Legislative Veto Congressional InvestigationsCongressional Investigations Copyright © 2013 CengageCopyright © 2013 Cengage
23.
2323 Bureaucratic PathologiesBureaucratic Pathologies
Red TapeRed Tape ConflictConflict DuplicationDuplication ImperialismImperialism WasteWaste Copyright © 2013 CengageCopyright © 2013 Cengage At the world’s busiest border crossing, cars line up to enter the United States in Tijuana, Mexico, p. 428. David McNew/Getty Images
24.
2424Copyright © 2013
CengageCopyright © 2013 Cengage *Other response categories were “never heard of” and “can’t rate,” and only the newest agency, the Transportation Safety Administration, drew significant numbers in each category (9 percent for each). Source: Adapted from results of a nationally representative Associated Press/IPSOS Public Agenda poll conducted December 17–19, 2007.
25.
2525 Reforming the BureaucracyReforming
the Bureaucracy The Brownlow CommissionThe Brownlow Commission The First Hoover CommissionThe First Hoover Commission The Ash CouncilThe Ash Council National Performance ReviewNational Performance Review Government Performance andGovernment Performance and Results ActResults Act Performance Assessment Rating ToolPerformance Assessment Rating Tool Copyright © 2013 CengageCopyright © 2013 Cengage
26.
2626Copyright © 2013
CengageCopyright © 2013 Cengage Mayor Villaraigosa goes through a full-body scanner at Los Angeles International Airport. An airline passenger is questioned by Transportation Security Administration inspector at Newark airport. David McNew/Getty Images REUTERS/Mike Segar
27.
2727 New Administration Struggling
to Fill Top Posts—CabinetNew Administration Struggling to Fill Top Posts—Cabinet Secretaries Say “The President Needs Help!”Secretaries Say “The President Needs Help!” Four months into the new administration, hundreds ofFour months into the new administration, hundreds of assistant secretary and deputy assistant secretary positionsassistant secretary and deputy assistant secretary positions remain unfilled. In 1960 the total number of presidentialremain unfilled. In 1960 the total number of presidential political appointees was just 450. Today the total is overpolitical appointees was just 450. Today the total is over 2,400, but sheer growth is not the whole story. Rather, say2,400, but sheer growth is not the whole story. Rather, say experts on federal bureaucracy, plum public service postsexperts on federal bureaucracy, plum public service posts go unfilled because the jobs have become so unrewarding,go unfilled because the jobs have become so unrewarding, even punishing.even punishing. Copyright © 2013 CengageCopyright © 2013 Cengage WHAT WOULD YOU DO?WHAT WOULD YOU DO?
28.
2828 MEMORANDUMMEMORANDUM To:To: Dr. Robert
Smith, president of Cybersystems EngineeringDr. Robert Smith, president of Cybersystems Engineering From:From: James Logan, Secretary of DefenseJames Logan, Secretary of Defense Subject:Subject: Becoming an assistant secretary of defenseBecoming an assistant secretary of defense As both secretary and a dear old college buddy of yours, I writeAs both secretary and a dear old college buddy of yours, I write again to express my hope that you will accept the president’s callagain to express my hope that you will accept the president’s call to service. We all desperately want you aboard. Yes, conflict-of-to service. We all desperately want you aboard. Yes, conflict-of- interest laws will require you to sell your stock in your presentinterest laws will require you to sell your stock in your present company and drop out of its generous pension plan. No, thecompany and drop out of its generous pension plan. No, the government won’t even pay moving costs. And once you leavegovernment won’t even pay moving costs. And once you leave office, you will be barred for life from lobbying the executiveoffice, you will be barred for life from lobbying the executive branch on matters in which you were directly involved while inbranch on matters in which you were directly involved while in office, and you will be barred for two years from lobbying onoffice, and you will be barred for two years from lobbying on matters that were under your general official authority. Your othermatters that were under your general official authority. Your other concerns have teeth, too, but let me help you weigh your options.concerns have teeth, too, but let me help you weigh your options. Copyright © 2013 CengageCopyright © 2013 Cengage WHAT WOULD YOU DO?WHAT WOULD YOU DO?
29.
2929 Arguments for:Arguments for: 1.
I hate to preach, but it is one’s duty to serve one’s country1. I hate to preach, but it is one’s duty to serve one’s country when called. Your sacrifice would honor your family andwhen called. Your sacrifice would honor your family and benefit your fellow Americans for years to come.benefit your fellow Americans for years to come. 2. As an accomplished professional and the head of a2. As an accomplished professional and the head of a company that has done business with the government, youcompany that has done business with the government, you could help the president succeed in reforming thecould help the president succeed in reforming the department so that it works better and costs less.department so that it works better and costs less. 3. Despite the restrictions, you could resume your career3. Despite the restrictions, you could resume your career once your public service was complete.once your public service was complete. Copyright © 2013 CengageCopyright © 2013 Cengage WHAT WOULD YOU DO?WHAT WOULD YOU DO?
30.
3030 Arguments against:Arguments against: 1.
Since you will have to be confirmed by the Senate, your life1. Since you will have to be confirmed by the Senate, your life will be put under a microscope, and everything (even somewill be put under a microscope, and everything (even some of our old college mischief together) will be fair game forof our old college mischief together) will be fair game for congressional staffers and reporters.congressional staffers and reporters. 2. You will face hundreds of rules telling you what you can’t2. You will face hundreds of rules telling you what you can’t do and scores of congressmen telling you what you shoulddo and scores of congressmen telling you what you should do. Old friends will get mad at you for not doing themdo. Old friends will get mad at you for not doing them favors. The president will demand loyalty. The press willfavors. The president will demand loyalty. The press will pounce on your every mistake, real or imagined.pounce on your every mistake, real or imagined. 3. Given the federal limits on whom in the government you3. Given the federal limits on whom in the government you can deal with after you leave office, your job atcan deal with after you leave office, your job at Cybersystems may well suffer.Cybersystems may well suffer. Copyright © 2013 CengageCopyright © 2013 Cengage WHAT WOULD YOU DO?WHAT WOULD YOU DO?
31.
3131 Your decision:Your decision: Accept
position?Accept position? Reject position?Reject position? Copyright © 2013 CengageCopyright © 2013 Cengage WHAT WOULD YOU DO?WHAT WOULD YOU DO?
Hinweis der Redaktion
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