Intergrating OER in Educational Practice: Practitioner Stories
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With growing interest among the educational community in the adoption of Open Educational Resources (OER) in learning and teaching, there is increasing concern and some anxiety on whether the use of OER poses different or additional challenges to the design of effective, efficient and engaging learning and teaching experiences? If so, what are they? What are their pedagogical implications? How might course developers and teachers approach and address these challenges? The stories in this book offer critical insights into these challenges, approaches and to their resolution. They comprise the lived experiences of current members of the Faculty of Education at the OUSL. These are the stories of a group of trail blazers bent on bringing about transformational and lasting change in their learning and teaching practices with the integration of OER. Shironica Karunanayaka & Som Naidu (Editors)
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Intergrating OER in Educational Practice: Practitioner Stories
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- 20. 2 Integrating OER in Educational Practice : Practitioner Stories !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!) ! B! !
- 21. 3 The Open University of Sri Lanka )))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))) ! V! ! 6E'A#$&)L) +"%("$5)0C)+-./'#(0"3)!"#$%&'#("%)*+,)(") F$'&"("%)'"-)H$'/E("%) 40F):'(-.)'"-)47(&0"(/')Q'&."'"';'<') ! *A$")$-./'#(0"'1)A&'/#(/$5) 7*8'8! $(! @'&X$+@! $+%8'8(%! -%! -55! 58<85(! &6! 8#/,-%$&+! $+! %*8! -#&:%$&+! &6! &:8+! 8#/,-%$&+-5! :'-,%$,8(J! 7*$(! $(! 8(:8,$-550! %*8! ,-(8! $+! #8<85&:$+@! 8#/,-%$&+-5! ,&+%8Z%(! X*8'8! %*8! ,&(%(! &6! 8#/,-%$&+-5! '8(&/',8(! -'8! *$%%$+@! %*8! *-'#8(%J! )%/#8+%(P! %8-,*8'(! -+#! 8#/,-%$&+-5! &'@-+$i-%$&+(! $+! #8<85&:$+@! 8#/,-%$&+-5! ,&+%8Z%(!,-++&%!-66&'#!-,,8((!%&!%*8!G8(%!-+#!2&(%!,/''8+%!58-'+$+@!'8(&/',8(P! 2&(%!&6!X*$,*!-'8!/(/-550!:'&#/,8#!-+#!#$(%'$G/%8#!6'&2!%*8!#8<85&:8#!X&'5#! $+!%*8!]8(%J!"<8+!X*8+!%*8(8!'8(&/',8(!-'8!-66&'#-G58P!%*8!2&(%!,/''8+%!-+#! -::'&:'$-%8!8#/,-%$&+-5!'8(&/',8(!-'8!&6%8+!$+-,,8(($G58!X*8'8!%*80!-'8!2&(%! +88#8#J! 7*8! -<-$5-G$5$%0! &6! &:8+! 8#/,-%$&+-5! '8(&/',8(! -+#! -,,8((! %&! %*82! &668'(! 2/,*! +88#8#! '8:'$8<8! %&! (%/#8+%(P! 8#/,-%&'(! -+#! 8#/,-%$&+-5! &'@-+$i-%$&+(J! 9:8+! 8#/,-%$&+-5! '8(&/',8(! a9"Ob! -'8! k%8-,*$+@P! 58-'+$+@! -+#! '8(8-',*! 2-%8'$-5(!$+!-+0!28#$/2P!#$@$%-5!&'!&%*8'X$(8P!%*-%!'8($#8!$+!%*8!:/G5$,!#&2-$+! &'!*-<8!G88+!'858-(8#!/+#8'!-+!&:8+!5$,8+(8!%*-%!:8'2$%(!+&I,&(%!-,,8((P!/(8P! -#-:%-%$&+! -+#! '8#$(%'$G/%$&+! G0! &%*8'(! X$%*! +&! &'! 5$2$%8#! '8(%'$,%$&+(e! a;3")?9P! BCDBbJ! 7*8(8! -'8! 8#/,-%$&+-5! '8(&/',8(! %*-%! -'8! '858-(8#! X$%*! -+! &:8+! 5$,8+(8! (/,*! -(! %*-%! :'&<$#8#! G0! %*8! ?'8-%$<8! ?&22&+(! =$,8+(8! 4'-28X&'1!a??bJ!7*$(!5$,8+($+@!6'-28X&'1!-55&X(!/(8'(!&6!58-'+$+@!'8(&/',8(! %*8!'$@*%(!%&!&$.5$=)&$A(5$=)&$F(K)-+#)&$-(5#&(S.#$!%*8!'8(&/',8(!-%!+&!,&(%!-+#! +&! +88#! %&! 6&'2-550! (881! :8'2$(($&+! %&! #&! (&J! ;+#8'! %*$(! 1$+#! &6! -! 5$,8+(8P! ,'8-%&'(! &6! 9"O! -'8! -G58! %&! '8%-$+! &X+8'(*$:! &6! %*8$'! X&'1! X*$58! -55&X$+@! &%*8'(! %&! /0?;=) -(5#&(S.#$P! -+#! F'<$! .5$! &6! %*8$'! X&'1P! %&! %*8! 8Z%8+%! &6! d&:8++8(([!@'-+%8#!a]$580P!BCCSbJ! H,,8((!%&!9"O!$(!&+8!(%8:!$+!%*8!'$@*%!#$'8,%$&+!%&X-'#(!-,*$8<$+@!%*8!@&-5(!&6! k8#/,-%$&+!6&'!-55eP!-+#!82:&X8'$+@!&6!%*8!/+#8':'$<$58@8#J!!4&'!8#/,-%$&+P!-(! 3&G85!=-/'8-%8(!H2-'%0-!)8+!-+#!^&(8:*!)%$@5$%i!*-<8!-'@/8#!$(!-!*/2-+!'$@*%P! %*8!:-%*!%&!'8-5!6'88#&2!-+#!82-+,$:-%$&+P!-+#!c/(%$,8!-+#!8f/-5$%0P!8(:8,$-550! Chapter 1
- 22. 4 Integrating OER in Educational Practice : Practitioner Stories!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!) ! E! ! 6&'!%*8!58((!:'$<$58@8#P!6&'!X$%*&/%!$%P!-+#!X$%*&/%!2&+80P!%*8!58((!:'$<$58@8#! *-<8!5$%%58!%&!+&!*&:8!&6!,&2:8%$+@!8f/$%-G50!X$%*!%*8!'8(%!a)8+P!DRRRl!)$@5$%iP! BCDBbJ!! _&X8<8'P!-,,8((!%&!9"O!$+!$%(856!$(!+&%!8+&/@*J!7&!G8!-G58!%&!G'$+@!-G&/%!%*$(! 1$+#! &6! %'-+(6&'2-%$&+-5! ,*-+@8P! $+! 6-,%P! -! 5&%! 2&'8! %*-+! -,,8((! %&! 9"O! $(! '8f/$'8#J!>%!X$55!'8f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a-(($<8!9:8+! 9+5$+8! ?&/'(8(bP! -+#! ,5&/#IG-(8#! 58-'+$+@! &::&'%/+$%$8(! %*-%! ,-+! &668'! (%/#8+%(! -! X$#8! '-+@8! -+#! <-'$8%0! &6! :&(($G$5$%$8(! 6&'! 58-'+$+@! -+#! :8'(&+-5! $2:'&<828+%J! 6E'11$"%$5)#0)0A$")$-./'#(0"'1)A&'/#(/$5) ]*$58! %*8(8! -'8! 5-/#-G58! -(:$'-%$&+(P! 2&<$+@! &+! %&! -+#! -#&:%$+@! &:8+! 8#/,-%$&+-5! :'-,%$,8(! 2-0! +&%! G8! 8+&/@*J! >6! $%! $(! +&%P! %*8+! X*-%! 2&'8! $(! '8f/$'8#! 6&'! #8($'-G58! 58-'+$+@! %&! %-18! :5-,8g! >(! 2&'8! &'! 58((! (%'/,%/'8! -+#! @/$#-+,8!+8,8((-'0!6&'!8668,%$<8P!866$,$8+%!-+#!8+@-@$+@!58-'+$+@g!n8%%$+@!%*8! 2$Z%/'8!'$@*%!&+!%*8(8!f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c8,%!2-%%8'P! %*8!,*-'-,%8'$(%$,(!&6!58-'+8'(P!-+#!%*8!%8-,*$+@!:*$5&(&:*$8(!-+#!G85$86(!&6!%*8! %8-,*8'(!-+#!%*8!8#/,-%$&+-5!&'@-+$i-%$&+J!
- 23. 5 The Open University of Sri Lanka)))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))) ! U! ! ]8!,-+!$2:'&<8!%*$(!:'-,%$,8!X$%*!%*8!#8($@+!&6!-!2&'8!$BB$/#(A$=)$BB(/($"#)-+#) $"%'%("%) %8-,*$+@) -+#! 58-'+$+@! 8Z:8'$8+,8! -(! X855! -(! X$%*! %*8! *85:! &6! $+6&'2-%$&+! -+#! ,&22/+$,-%$&+(! %8,*+&5&@$8(! a>?7bJ! 7*$(! 1$+#! &6! %8-,*$+@! %-18(!:5-,8!X*8+!-!%8-,*8'!,-'86/550!,*&'8&@'-:*(!%*8!58-'+$+@!8Z:8'$8+,8(!&6! (%/#8+%(! $+! ,5&(8! -5$@+28+%! X$%*! %*8! 8Z:8,%8#! 58-'+$+@! &/%,&28(! 6&'! %*82P! -+#!X$%*!-!6$+8!G-5-+,8!&6!@/$#-+,8!-+#!(%'/,%/'8!-(!X855!-(!(/::&'%!#/'$+@!%*8! :'&,8((!%&!-55&X!6&'!$+#8:8+#8+%!%*&/@*%!-+#!,'8-%$<$%0!%&!&,,/'J!]*8+!%*$(!$(! 8Z8,/%8#!X855P!%8-,*$+@!$(!@'8-%P!-+#!%*8(8!-'8!%*8!,$',/2(%-+,8(!/+#8'!X*$,*! #8($'-G58!58-'+$+@!*-(!%*8!@'8-%8(%!,*-+,8(!&6!&,,/''$+@!a(88!3-$#/P!BCDCbJ!>+! ,&+<8+%$&+-5!,5-(('&&2IG-(8#!8#/,-%$&+-5!,&+%8Z%(P!%*$(!$(!G8$+@!:&:/5-'$i8#! -(!B1(??("%)#7$)/1'55&00FJ! ME'#)-0$5)NC1(AA("%)#E$)/1'55&00?O)?$'"P) 45$::$+@!%*8!,&+<8+%$&+-5!,5-(('&&2!:'-,%$,8!$(!8((8+%$-550!-G&/%!'8(8'<$+@!%*8! 6-,8I%&I6-,8!,5-(('&&2!%$28!6&'!'/#(A(#;!-+#!$"%'%$F$"#!-2&+@!(%/#8+%(!-+#! X$%*!%*8!%8-,*8'(P!-+#!58-<$+@!5$(%8+$+@!%&!'8,&'#8#!58,%/'8(!-+#!(%/#0!&6!%*8! (/Gc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f/$'8!58-'+8'(!%&!G8!$228'(8#!$+!%*8!,/5%/'8!&6!%*8!(/Gc8,%!2-%%8'P!%-(1! &'! (1$55! %*-%! $(! G8$+@! %-/@*%P! 2/,*! 5$18! -+! -::'8+%$,8! X&/5#! G8! $228'(8#! $+! '8-5IX&'5#!:'&68(($&+-5!:'-,%$,8!a(88!3-$#/P!BCDCbJ!! 4(#.'#$-)1$'&"("%)$"<(&0"?$"#5) )$%/-%8#! 58-'+$+@! '8f/$'8(! -! '-#$,-5! '8#86$+$%$&+! &6! 58-'+$+@P! %8-,*$+@! -+#! %*$+1$+@!-+#!%*$(!$+<&5<8(!-!(*$6%!6'&2!-!/0"#$"#)'/W.(5(#(0"!2U!&6!58-'+$+@! %&!&+8!&6!/+#8'(%-+#$+@!-+#!'??1;("%)#7$)5.S9$/#)F'##$&)/0"#$"#)#0)&$'1NE0&1-) ?&0S1$F5)'"-)5(#.'#(0"5)(")'.#7$"#(/)1$'&"("%)/0"#$K#5J!4'&2!%*$(!:8'(:8,%$<8P! 1+&X58#@8!$(!+&!5&+@8'!(&28%*$+@!%*-%!$(!(%&'8#!(&28X*8'8!-+#!X*$,*!,-+!G8!
- 24. 6 Integrating OER in Educational Practice : Practitioner Stories!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!) ! W! ! '8,-558#! -(! -+#! X*8+! +8,8((-'0J! >%! $(! %*8! '8(/5%! &6! -+! -,%$<8! '85-%$&+(*$:! G8%X88+!%*8!58-'+8'(!-+#!%*8!58-'+$+@!,&+%8Z%J!7&!G8!8668,%$<8P!58-'+$+@!-+#! %8-,*$+@! 8Z:8'$8+,8(! $+! ($%/-%8#! 58-'+$+@! 8+<$'&+28+%(! +88#! %&! :&((8((! %*8! &$W.(5(#$)A'&($#;!%*-%!8Z$(%(!$+!'8-5!5$68!(8%%$+@(J!7*8!,&+,8:%!&6!'8f/$($%8!<-'$8%0! (/@@8(%(!%*-%!%*8!G8(%!58-'+$+@!-+#!%8-,*$+@!8Z:8'$8+,8(!-'8!%*&(8!%*-%!*-<8! %*8!,&2:58Z$%0!-+#!%*8!<-'$8%0!X*$,*!%*8!:'&68(($&+(!:'8(8+%!%&!%*8$'!X&'18'(! a(88!Q88'P!DRTUb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aX*$,*!$(!-!%'$@@8'!6&'!-!,*-$+!&6!8<8+%(bP! -+#!-!@&-5!6&'!%*8!58-'+8'!%&!:/'(/8!$+!&'#8'!%&!-##'8((!%*8!:'&G582!&'!$((/8! %'$@@8'8#!G0!%*8!:'8,$:$%-%$+@!8<8+%!a(88!3-$#/P!BCDCbJ! O8(%!-((/'8#P!(,8+-'$&IG-(8#!58-'+$+@!$(!+&%!-G&/%!k:-(($+@!&+!%*8!G/,1e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a(88! 3-$#/P! BCDCbJ! ),8+-'$&IG-(8#!58-'+$+@!'8(82G58(!:'&68(($&+-5!:'-,%$,8!,5&(850P!-+#!-(!(/,*!$%! *-(! %*8! :&%8+%$-5! %&! &668'! @'-#/-%$+@! (%/#8+%(! %*8! '8f/$($%8! (1$55(! -+#! ,&2:8%8+,$8(! 6&'! 8+%8'$+@! %*8! X&'16&',8J! ! "2:5&08'(! X-+%P! -+#! +88#! @'-#/-%8(! X*&! -'8! '8-#0! %&! ,&+6'&+%! %*8! ,*-558+@8(! &6! %*8! X&'16&',8P! -+#! (,8+-'$&IG-(8#! 58-'+$+@! &668'(! %*8! -::'8+%$,8(*$:! -+#! 8Z:8'$8+,8! %*-%! @'-#/-%$+@!(%/#8+%(!+88#!G86&'8!%*80!8+%8'!%*8!X&'16&',8!a(88!3-$#/P!BCDCbJ! )
- 25. 7 The Open University of Sri Lanka)))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))) ! S! ! D$<$10A("%)5(#.'#$-)1$'&"("%)$"<(&0"?$"#5) 4$@/'8!DJD!(%8:(!/(!%*'&/@*!%*8!#8($@+!-+#!#8<85&:28+%!:'&,8((!&6!5/$"'&(0N S'5$-)1$'&"("%!-(!-!2U!&6!($%/-%8#!58-'+$+@J!H%!%*8!,&'8!&6!%*$(!:'&,8((!$(!%*8! #8($@+! &6! %*8! (%/#8+%([! 58-'+$+@! 8Z:8'$8+,8J! _&X8<8'P! G8! -((/'8#! %*-%! %*8! 58-'+$+@!'8(&/',8(!-+#!%*8!(/Gc8,%!2-%%8'!,&+%8+%!6&/+#!$+!G&&1(!-+#!&%*8'! (%&'-@8! #8<$,8(! -'8! +&! 58((! $2:&'%-+%! %&! 58-'+$+@! -+#! %8-,*$+@! %*-+! %*8! 58-'+$+@!8Z:8'$8+,8!$%(856J!7*8!(/Gc8,%!2-%%8'!,&+%8+%!6&/+#!$+!%*8(8!(%&'-@8! #8<$,8(! $(! %*8! $55$"#('1) B.$1! %*-%! X$55! #'$<8! %*8! 1$'&"("%) $"%("$! X*$,*! &',*8(%'-%8(!%*8!8+%$'8!58-'+$+@!8Z:8'$8+,8J! ?-'86/5! $+%8@'-%$&+! &6! %*8! (/Gc8,%! 2-%%8'! ,&+%8+%! $+! %*8! 58-'+$+@! :'&,8((! $(! -G(&5/%850!,'/,$-5!%&!%*8!#8<85&:28+%!&6!%*8!,&2:8%8+,$8(!-+#!(1$55(!-+#!%*8! -((8((28+%!&6!%*8!58-'+$+@!&/%,&28(J!>+!6-,8I%&I6-,8!8#/,-%$&+-5!(8%%$+@(P!%*8! 6&,/(! &6! %*$(! ,-+! G8! $+! %*8! 58,%/'8(J! H+#! $+! #$(%-+,8! 8#/,-%$&+! (8%%$+@(P! %*8! ,&+%8+%!X$55!+88#!%&!G8!-#8f/-%850!8Z:5-$+8#!$+!%*8!(%/#0!@/$#8(!-+#!G&&1(!&6! '8-#$+@(J!! _&X!-55!&6!%*$(!$(!&',*8(%'-%8#!$(!-!,'8-%$<8!:'&,8((P!G/%!2/,*!&6!$%!*-(!%&!#&! X$%*!,-'86/5!(858,%$&+!&6!8-,*!58-'+$+@!'8(&/',8!%&!(8'<8!%*8!#8($@+8#!-,%$<$%$8(! $+! %*8! (,8+-'$&J! ]*-%! *-::8+(! $+! %*8! (,8+-'$&P! #8%8'2$+8(! X*-%! 58-'+$+@! '8(&/',8!$(!'8f/$'8#!-+#!X*-%!58-'+8'(!X$55!+88#!%&!#&!X$%*!%*&(8!'8(&/',8(J! 7*8'8!-'8!<-'$&/(!58<85(!&6!$+%8@'-%$&+!$+!%*8!2UJ!7*8(8!$+,5/#8!$+%8@'-%$&+! &6! 58-'+$+@! '8(&/',8(! X$%*! %*8! 58-'+$+@! -,%$<$%$8(! $+! %*8! (,8+-'$&P! -+#! -5(&! $+%8@'-%$&+! $+! '8(&/',8(! %*82(85<8(J! ?-'86/5! $+%8@'-%$&+! &6! 58-'+$+@! %*8! '8(&/',8(! X$%*! %*8! 58-'+$+@! -,%$<$%$8(! X$55! 8+(/'8! -! :&X8'6/5! 58-'+$+@! 8Z:8'$8+,8! a(88! 3-$#/P! BCDCbJ! ]$%*&/%! %*$(! 1$+#! &6! $+%8@'-%$&+P! %*8! 58-'+$+@! 8Z:8'$8+,8!X$55!5-,1!$+%8@'$%0!-+#!,&*8'8+,8J! ! ! ! ! ! !
- 26. 8 Integrating OER in Educational Practice : Practitioner Stories !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!) ! T! ! ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ! ! ! ! 7*8!4>h"!(%8:(!$+!%*8!:'&,8((!-'8!-(!6&55&X(L! 4#$?)X3)60FF(#F$"#53)7*8(8!-'8!0&/'!,&22$%28+%(!%&!0&/'!58-'+8'(J!]*-%!#&! 0&/!:'&2$(8!%&!&668'!%*82!-(!:-'%!&6!%*8!58-'+$+@!8Z:8'$8+,8!%*-%!0&/!*-<8! #8($@+8#! 6&'! %*82g! )&28! &6! %*8(8! :'&2$(8(! 2$@*%! G8! #8%8'2$+8#! G0! %*8! +-%/'8!-+#!*$(%&'0!&6!%*8!&'@-+$i-%$&+!-+#!$%(!G85$86!(0(%82(!-G&/%!58-'+$+@P! %8-,*$+@!-+#!8#/,-%$&+!$+!@8+8'-5J!Q8!(/'8!%*-%!%*8(8!-'8!,58-'50!-'%$,/5-%8#P!-(! %*80!X$55!6&'2!%*8!G-($(!&6!%*8!,&+%'-,%!a*&X8<8'!$+6&'2-5!$%!2-0!G8b!G8%X88+! %*8!58-'+8'(P!0&/!-+#!0&/'!&'@-+$i-%$&+J! 4#$?)Y3)C$'&"("%)0.#/0F$53!7*8(8!-'8!%*8!2&'8!(:8,$6$,!&/%,&28(!0&/!8Z:8,%! %*-%!58-'+8'(!X$55!G8!-G58!%&!-,*$8<8!$6!%*80!288%!0&/'!8Z:8,%-%$&+(!6&'!%*82P! -+#!%*80!6/56$5!%*8!'8f/$'828+%(!&6!%*8!58-'+$+@!8Z:8'$8+,8!%*-%!0&/!X$55!*-<8! #8($@+8#!6&'!%*82J) J(%.&$)XZX3)+"%("$5)0B)+-./'#(0") !
- 27. 9 The Open University of Sri Lanka)))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))) ! R! ! 4#$?)[3)C$'&"("%)/0"#$K#3!7*$(!$(!X*8'8!58-'+$+@!-+#!%8-,*$+@!X$55!%-18!:5-,8P! -+#P! $+! %*$(! #-0! -+#! -@8P! $%! ,-+! G8! -+0X*8'8! -+#! $+,5/#8! %*8! ,-2:/(P! %*8! ,&22/+$%0P!%*8!X&'1:5-,8P!-+#!%*8!'8($#8+,8!&6!%*8!58-'+8'(J! 4#$?)3)C$'&"("%)5/$"'&(053!7*8(8!-'8!%*8!($%/-%$&+(!X$%*$+!X*$,*!58-'+$+@!-+#! %8-,*$+@!X$55!%-18!:5-,8J!H+#!%*80!,-+!G8!'8-5!&+8(P!&'!,&+%'$<8#!%&!'8658,%!'8-5! 5$68J!>6!,&+%'$<8#P!%*80!X$55!+88#!%&!G8!-/%*8+%$,!(&!%*-%!%*80!,5&(850!2$''&'!%*8! ($%/-%$&+(!%*-%!58-'+8'(!X$55!,&+6'&+%!$+!'8-5!5$68!-+#!$+!%*8$'!X&'1:5-,8J!7*80! :'&<$#8!%*8!%'-$+$+@!@'&/+#!6&'!%*8!-::'8+%$,8(*$:!&6!%*8!58-'+8'J! 4#$?)]3)C$'&"("%)&$50.&/$53!7*8(8!-'8!%*8!8((8+%$-5!%&&5(P!%*8!6&##8'P!-+#!%*8! 6/85! %*-%! 58-'+8'(! X$55! +88#! %&! G8! -G58! %&! ,-''0! &/%! %*8! '8f/$'828+%(! &6! %*8! (,8+-'$&(J! ;+#8'(%-+#$+@! &6! %*$(! (/Gc8,%! 2-%%8'! $(! @&$+@! %&! G8! ,'/,$-5! 6&'! #82&+(%'-%$+@!,&2:8%8+,0!$+!%*8!58-'+$+@!-,%$<$%$8(!$+!%*8!(,8+-'$&J!! D$<$10A("%)1$'&"("%)5/$"'&(05) 7*8!#8<85&:28+%!&6!58-'+$+@!(,8+-'$&(!%&!:'&<$#8!%*8!G8(%!&::&'%/+$%$8(!6&'! %*8!,/5%$<-%$&+!&6!%*8!#8($'8#!(1$55(!-+#!,&2:8%8+,$8(!$(!-!,&2:58Z!-+#!#$66$,/5%! %-(1J!n&&#!58-'+$+@!(,8+-'$&(!X$55!&668'!%*8!G8(%!(,-66&5#(!6&'!%*8!-,*$8<828+%! &6!%*8!8Z:8,%8#!58-'+$+@!&/%,&28(J!_8'8!$(!-!(/@@8(%$&+!&6!(%8:(!$+!%*8!:'&,8((! 6&'!#8<85&:$+@!8668,%$<8P!866$,$8+%!-+#!8+@-@$+@!58-'+$+@!(,8+-'$&(L! 4#$?)X3)!-$"#(B;)<$;)/0F?$#$"/($5Z!Q8@$+!X$%*!$#8+%$60$+@P!%*8!%0:8!-+#!58<85!&6! (1$55(! -+#! ,&2:8%8+,$8(! 0&/! 8Z:8,%! 0&/'! 58-'+8'(! X$55! G8! -G58! %&! #8<85&:! $+! %*82J!]*-%!X$55!%*80!1+&XP!-+#!G8!-G58!%&!#&P!X*8+!%*80!*-<8!(/,,8((6/550! ,&2:58%8#!-55!%*8$'!58-'+$+@!-,%$<$%$8(!-+#!-((8((28+%!%-(1(g) 4#$?)Y3)!-$"#(B;)<$;)$A$"#5)(")#7$)1(B$)0B)'")$K?$&#)E70)7'5)'//0F?1(57$-)#7$5$) 0.#/0F$5) '"-) -$A$10?$-) #7$5$) /0F?$#$"/($5Z! 7*8+! %*$+1! &6! %*8! 1$+#(! &6! '&/%$+8! -,%$<$%$8(P! :'&G582(P! -+#! $((/8(! -! :'-,%$%$&+8'! X$55! ,&+6'&+%! $+! %*8$'! X&'1:5-,8! -+#! &+! -! '8@/5-'! G-($(J! 7*8(8! 2$@*%! G8! %*$+@(! 5$18! -%%8+#$+@! 288%$+@(P! :'&G582! (&5<$+@P! :'&c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- 29. 11 The Open University of Sri Lanka)))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))) ! DD! ! <-'$8%0! &6! :'&@'-2(P! ,-%8'$+@! %&! %*8! :'&68(($&+-5! #8<85&:28+%! +88#(! &6! #$668'8+%! ,-%8@&'$8(! &6! :8'(&++85! $+! %*8! 6$85#! &6! "#/,-%$&+P! %*'&/@*! $%(! %*'88! `8:-'%28+%(!p!`8:-'%28+%!&6!)8,&+#-'0!-+#!78'%$-'0!"#/,-%$&+P!`8:-'%28+%! &6! "-'50! ?*$5#*&&#! -+#! F'$2-'0! "#/,-%$&+! -+#! `8:-'%28+%! &6! ):8,$-5! 388#(! "#/,-%$&+J!!"-,*!08-'P!-!5-'@8!+/2G8'!&6!(%/#8+%(!$+,5/#$+@!:'8(,*&&5P!:'$2-'0! -+#! (8,&+#-'0! %8-,*8'(P! :'$+,$:-5(! -+#! %8-,*8'! 8#/,-%&'(! 6&55&X! %*8(8! :'&@'-2(P!58-#$+@!%&!%*8!-X-'#!&6!?8'%$6$,-%8(P!`$:5&2-(!-+#!`8@'88(!/:!%&!%*8! -(%8'(!58<85(J!! >+!188:$+@!-G'8-(%!X$%*!@5&G-5!%'8+#(P!%*8!4-,/5%0!*-(!G88+!188+!%&!$+%'&#/,8! $++&<-%$<8!(%'-%8@$8(!$+!$%(!(%/#0!:'&@'-2(!-+#!,&/'(8(J!H(!(&&+!-(!$%!G8,-28!-! 4-,/5%0! $+! BCCVP! $%! 8+@-@8#! $+! -! 2-c&'! :'&c8,%! $+! :-'%+8'(*$:! X$%*! %*8! ?&22&+X8-5%*! &6! =8-'+$+@! a?9=bP! X*8'8! -! +&<85! :'-,%$%$&+8'I&'$8+%8#! :'&68(($&+-5!#8<85&:28+%!:'&@'-2!6&'!%8-,*8'!8#/,-%&'(!p!%*8!H!$+!78-,*8'! "#/,-%$&+! a>+%8'+-%$&+-5b! :'&@'-2P! X-(! #8($@+8#! -+#! #8<85&:8#J! 7*$(! $(! -! /+$f/8! :'&@'-2! X*$,*! -#&:%8#! -! (,8+-'$&IG-(8#! -::'&-,*! %&! :8#-@&@$,-5! #8($@+J!F8'$&#$,!,/''$,/5/2!'8+8X-5P!G0!'8<$8X$+@P!/:#-%$+@!-+#!/:@'-#$+@!%*8! 8Z$(%$+@! ,/''$,/5-! -+#! ,&/'(8! 2-%8'$-5(! $(! -! '8f/$'828+%! 6&'! -55! %*8! (%/#0! :'&@'-2(!-%!%*8!9;)=J!H+&%*8'!$++&<-%$&+!*-(!G88+!%*8!$+%8@'-%$&+!&6!9:8+! "#/,-%$&+-5!O8(&/',8(!$+!$%(!:'&@'-2(P!#/'$+@!BCDVJ! 7*$(!:'&c8,%!X-(!-G&/%!G/$5#$+@!%*8!,-:-,$%0!&6!%*8!4-,/5%0!-,-#82$,!(%-66!$+! $+%8@'-%$+@! >+6&'2-%$&+! -+#! ?&22/+$,-%$&+(! 78,*+&5&@0! a>?7b! -+#! 9:8+! "#/,-%$&+-5! O8(&/',8(! a9"Ob! $+! $%(! %8-,*8'! 8#/,-%$&+! :'&@'-2(J! 7*8! :'&c8,%! X-(!(:&+(&'8#!G0!%*8!?9=!-+#!*-#!%*8!6&55&X$+@!@&-5(L! -b Q/$5#!%*8!,-:-,$%0!&6!%*8!-,-#82$,!(%-66!$+!%*8!4-,/5%0!&6!"#/,-%$&+!&+! $+%8@'-%$+@!>?7!-+#!9"O!$+%&!$%(!%8-,*8'!8#/,-%$&+!:'&@'-2(!! Gb `8<85&:!6$<8!&+5$+8!,&/'(8(!X$%*!9"O!$+%8@'-%$&+!6'&2!(858,%8#!%8-,*8'! 8#/,-%$&+!:'&@'-2(L!! ,b F$5&%!%8(%!%*8!&+5$+8!,&/'(8(!X$%*!9"O!$+%8@'-%$&+!$+!%*8!!(858,%8#! %8-,*8'!8#/,-%$&+!:'&@'-2(! #b "<-5/-%8!%*8!$2:-,%!&6!>?7!-+#!9"O!$+%8@'-%$&+!$+!%8-,*8'!8#/,-%$&+! :'&@'-2(! 7*$(!X&'1!$+<&5<8#!-!(8'$8(!&6!-,%$<$%$8(!,&2:'$($+@!,-:-,$%0!G/$5#$+@!X&'1(*&:(! &+!9"O!-+#!>?7!$+%8@'-%$&+P!,/''$,/5-!'8<$8X!-+#!,&/'(8!'8I#8($@+!X&'1(*&:(P! #8($@+! -+#! #8<85&:28+%! &6! &+5$+8! ,&/'(8(! X$%*! 9"O! $+%8@'-%$&+P! $2:5828+%-%$&+!&6!%*8!:$5&%!,&/'(8(!-+#!8<-5/-%$+@!%*8!$2:-,%!&6!>?7!-+#!9"O!
- 30. 12 Integrating OER in Educational Practice : Practitioner Stories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c8,%$<8(!&6!%*$(!X&'1(*&:!X8'8!-(!6&55&X(L! ! >+%'&#/,8! %*8! ,&+,8:%! &6! 9"O! -+#! '85-%8#! ,&+,8:%(P! -+#! %*8$'! $2:5$,-%$&+(!6&'!#8($@+$+@!58-'+$+@!-+#!%8-,*$+@l! ! O8<$8X!%*8!,/''$,/5-!&6!%*8!6$<8!%8-,*8'!8#/,-%$&+!:'&@'-2(!-+#!(858,%! ,&/'(8(!6&'!>?7!-+#!9"O!$+%8@'-%$&+l! ! `8($@+!58-'+$+@!8Z:8'$8+,8(!6&'!%*8!(858,%8#!,&/'(8(l!-+#! ! >#8+%$60!-'8-(!6&'!>?7!-+#!9"O!$+%8@'-%$&+J! 7*$'%0!282G8'(!&6!-,-#82$,!(%-66!&6!%*8!%*'88!`8:-'%28+%(!$+!%*8!4-,/5%0!&6! "#/,-%$&+P! $+,5/#$+@! F'&68((&'(P! )8+$&'! =8,%/'8'(! -+#! =8,%/'8'(P! -,%$<850! :-'%$,$:-%8#!$+!%*8!X&'1(*&:J!4$<8!,&/'(8!%8-2(!X8'8!6&'28#!-,,&'#$+@!%&!%*8! 6$<8!2-$+!%8-,*8'!8#/,-%$&+!:'&@'-2(!&668'8#!G0!%*8!4-,/5%0P!-+#!6'&2!8-,*! F'&@'-2P!&+8!,&/'(8!X-(!(858,%8#!6&'!'8#8($@+!-+#!#8<85&:28+%!/($+@!>?7!-+#! 9"OJ!7*8(8!X8'8L! -J 78-,*8'!"#/,-%&'!-(!-+!"#/,-%$&+-5!78,*+&5&@$(%!a$+!H7"I>bl! GJ F(0,*&5&@$,-5!4&/+#-%$&+(!$+!"#/,-%$&+!a$+!"#bl! ,J "#/,-%$&+-5!78,*+&5&@0!4&/+#-%$&+(!a$+!Fn`"bl! #J "28'@$+@!7'8+#(!$+!"#/,-%$&+!a$+!Fn`)3"bl!-+#! 8J ?*$5#!`8<85&:28+%!a$+!Q"#"?F"bJ! 7*8! 6$<8! %8-2(! X&'18#! $+%8+(850! &+! '8<$8X$+@! %*8! 8Z$(%$+@! ,/''$,/5-! &6! %*8! (858,%8#! ,&/'(8! $+! 8-,*! :'&@'-2P! X$%*! -! <$8X! %&! '8#8($@+$+@! %*8! (%/#8+%! 58-'+$+@! 8Z:8'$8+,8! X$%*! >?7! -+#! 9"O! $+%8@'-%$&+J! `/'$+@! %*$(! $+$%$-5! ,&/'(8! #8($@+! :'&,8((P! %*8! %8-2(! X8'8! 2-$+50! 8+@-@8#! $+! #8<85&:$+@! 58-'+$+@!
- 31. 13 The Open University of Sri Lanka)))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))) ! DV! ! &/%,&28(P! #8<85&:$+@! (,8+-'$&(M,-(8(! -+#! #8($@+$+@! 58-'+$+@! -,%$<$%$8(! -+#! -((8((28+%! %-(1(P! X$%*! %*8! $+%8@'-%$&+! &6! >?7! -+#! 9"OJ! 7*8! ($@+$6$,-+,8! &6! -#&:%$+@!-!k58-'+$+@I,8+%8'8#e!-::'&-,*!$+!%*8!,&/'(8!#8($@+P!a),8+-'$&IG-(8#! =8-'+$+@I)Q=b!X-(!*$@*5$@*%8#P!-+#!:/'(/8#!G0!%*8!%8-2(J!7*8!180!6&,/(!X-(! &+!#8($@+$+@!%*8!58-'+$+@!8Z:8'$8+,8(!$+!&'#8'!%&!8668,%$<850!$+%8@'-%8!9"O!%&! (/::&'%!(%/#8+%!58-'+$+@J! 4&55&X$+@! %*8! 6$'(%! ,-:-,$%0! G/$5#$+@! X&'1(*&:P! -! (8'$8(! &6! 4-,/5%0I58<85! ,/''$,/5-!'8<$8X!-+#!,&/'(8!#8($@+!X&'1(*&:(!X8'8!*85#!6'&2!^-+/-'0I-',*! BCDVJ! `/'$+@! %*8(8! X&'1(*&:(P! %*8! 6$<8! ,&/'(8! %8-2(! ,&+%$+/8#! X$%*! %*8$'! ,&/'(8! #8($@+! X&'1P! -,,&'#$+@! %&! -! @8+8'-5! X&'1! (,*8#/58! -+#! @/$#85$+8(! :'8:-'8#! G0! %*8! :'&c8,%! 58-#8'(P! X$%*! ,&+(%-+%! 2&+$%&'$+@! -+#! 688#G-,1! :'&<$#8#J! 7*8! 6&55&X$+@! (:8,$6$,! -,%$<$%$8(! X8'8! ,&2:58%8#! #/'$+@! %*8(8! X&'1(*&:(L! ! 4$+-5$i$+@!%*8!58-'+$+@!&/%,&28(l!! ! 4$+-5$i$+@!#8<85&:28+%!&6!58-'+$+@!(,8+-'$&(M!,-(8(l! ! `8($@+$+@! 58-'+$+@! 8Z:8'$8+,8(! -+#! #8<85&:$+@! 58-'+$+@! -,%$<$%$8(! -+#!-((8((28+%!%-(1(l!-+#!! ! >#8+%$60$+@!-+#!8<-5/-%$+@!9"O!%&!G8!$+%8@'-%8#J!! H!(8,&+#!X&'1(*&:!&+!,-:-,$%0!G/$5#$+@!&6!%8-,*8'!8#/,-%&'(!-%!%*8!4-,/5%0!&6! "#/,-%$&+!&+!-#&:%$+@P!-#-:%$+@!-+#!/($+@!>?7!-+#!9"O!6&'!%8-,*8'!8#/,-%$&+! :'&@'-2(!X-(!*85#P!6'&2!S%* !%&!DD%* !H:'$5!BCDVP!$+!?&5&2G&J!! 7*8!180!&Gc8,%$<8(!&6!%*$(!X&'1(*&:!X8'8l! ! O8:&'%$+@!:'&@'8((!&6!,&/'(8!#8($@+!-+#!#8<85&:28+%l! ! F'8(8+%-%$&+!&6!#'-6%!,&/'(8(!#8($@+8#!-+#!#8<85&:8#!6&'!:88'! 688#G-,1l! ! O8<$8X$+@M'8<$($+@M$2:'&<$+@!,&/'(8(!G-(8#!&+!688#G-,1!'8,8$<8#l! -+#! ! 4$+-5$i$+@!%*8!,&/'(8!#8($@+J!! !
- 32. 14 Integrating OER in Educational Practice : Practitioner Stories!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!) ! DE! ! )/G(8f/8+%50P! -+&%*8'! (8'$8(! &6! 4-,/5%0I58<85! ,/''$,/5-! '8<$8X! -+#! ,&/'(8! #8($@+!X&'1(*&:(!X8'8!*85#!6'&2!H:'$5I^/+8!BCDVP!#/'$+@!X*$,*!%*8!6$<8!%8-2(! ,&+%$+/8#!X$%*!%*8$'!,&/'(8!#8($@+!-+#!#8<85&:28+%!$+,5/#$+@L! ! O86$+$+@!%*8!58-'+$+@!&/%,&28(!-+#!58-'+$+@!(,8+-'$&(l! ! O86$+$+@!58-'+$+@!8Z:8'$8+,8(!-+#!#8<85&:$+@!58-'+$+@!-,%$<$%$8(!p! &+5$+8M&665$+8l! ! O86$+$+@! -((8((28+%! %-(1(! p! &+5$+8M&665$+8P! -+#! #8<85&:$+@! -((8((28+%!'/G'$,(l! ! >#8+%$60$+@P!8<-5/-%$+@!-+#!$+%8@'-%$+@!9"Ol! ! `8<85&:$+@!-!(%/#0!(,*8#/58!-+#!-!)%/#0!n/$#8!$+,&':&'-%$+@!-55! %*8!-G&<8!,&2:&+8+%(l! ! F5-++$+@! %&! #8<85&:! %*8! ,&/'(8! -(! -+! &+5$+8! ,&/'(8! $+! &:! 58-'+$+@!2-+-@828+%!(0(%82!a=)bJ! Q0!%*8!8+#!&6!F*-(8ID!&6!%*8!:'&c8,%P!%*8!6$<8!(858,%8#!,&/'(8(!6'&2!%*8!%8-,*8'! 8#/,-%$&+!:'&@'-2(!*-#!G88+!'8#8($@+8#J!"-,*!&6!%*8(8!,&/'(8(!,&+($(%8#!&6! 58-'+$+@! 8Z:8'$8+,8(! #8($@+8#! $+! '85-%$&+! %&! %*8! (:8,$6$8#! 58-'+$+@! &/%,&28(! $+,5/#$+@! 58-'+$+@! (,8+-'$&(P! 58-'+$+@! -,%$<$%$8(! -+#! -((8((28+%! %-(1(! 6&'! $+%8@'-%$&+!&6!9"OJ!F*-(8!>>!&6!%*8!F'&c8,%!X-(!$2:5828+%8#!6'&2!)8:%82G8'! BCDV!%&!^/+8!BCDEJ! 7*8!6$'(%!%-(1!$+!F*-(8!>>!&6!%*8!:'&,8((!X-(!%&!@8%!%*8!#'-6%!,&/'(8(!'8<$8X8#! -+#!8#$%8#!G0!%*'88!5&,-5!8Z:8'%(!$+!%*8!6$85#!&6!"#/,-%$&+P!$#8+%$6$8#!G0!%*8! 4-,/5%0!&6!"#/,-%$&+J!9+,8!%*$(!X-(!,&2:58%8#P!8-,*!&+8!&6!%*8!,&/'(8(!X-(! #8($@+8#! -+#! #8<85&:8#! -(! -+! &+5$+8! ,&/'(8! a-(! (/::5828+%-5P! G58+#8#! &'! &+5$+8I:5/(! ,&/'(8(b! $+! %*8! &:! =)J! 7*$(! $+,5/#8#! %*8! 6&55&X$+@! (/GI -,%$<$%$8(L! -b `8($@+$+@! %*8! 6$<8! &+5$+8! ,&/'(8(! p! 7*8! 4&'2-%P! ?&2:&+8+%(P! )%'/,%/'8P!)8f/8+,8P!9'@-+$i-%$&+P!F'8(8+%-%$&+JJJ8%,J! Gb `8($@+$+@! -+#! #8<85&:$+@! &+5$+8! -,%$<$%$8(! p! q/$ii8(P! F/ii58(P! `$(,/(($&+!4&'/2P!Q5&@(P!O8658,%$<8!^&/'+-5Y8%,J! ,b `8($@+$+@! -+#! #8<85&:$+@! 2/5%$28#$-! ,&2:&+8+%(! %&! G8! $+%8@'-%8#!p!n'-:*$,(P!H+$2-%$&+(P!H/#$&!-+#!h$#8&!?5$:(!8%,J!!
- 33. 15 The Open University of Sri Lanka)))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))) ! DU! ! #b `8($@+$+@! 9"O! $+%8@'-%$&+! $+%&! %*8! &+5$+8! ,&/'(8! p! )8-',*$+@P! $#8+%$60$+@! -+#! (858,%$+@! -::'&:'$-%8! 9"O! %&! G8! $+%8@'-%8#! -%! '858<-+%!$+(%-+,8(!&6!8-,*!,&/'(8!%&!(/::&'%!%*8!58-'+$+@!:'&,8((P! -(! X855! -(! #8($@+$+@! %*8! &+5$+8! 58-'+$+@! 8Z:8'$8+,8(! $+! &'#8'! %&! 8668,%$<850!$+%8@'-%8!9"O!%&!(/::&'%!58-'+$+@J! 8b `8<85&:$+@!%*8!&+5$+8!,&/'(8(!p!?'8-%$+@!%*8!,&/'(8(!$+!&:! =)P! -+#! /:5&-#$+@! ,&+%8+%P! &+5$+8! -,%$<$%$8(P! 2/5%$28#$-P! 9"OP! &%*8'!'8(&/',8(!8%,JP!X$%*!%*8!(/::&'%!&6!F'&c8,%!H(($(%-+%(J! 6b n8%%$+@!%*8!#8<85&:8#!&+5$+8!,&/'(8(!'8<$8X8#!G0!5&,-5!8Z:8'%(!$+! %*8!?8+%'8!6&'!"#/,-%$&+-5!78,*+&5&@0!o!8#$-!-%!9;)=J! 9+,8! -55! %*8(8! -,%$<$%$8(! X8'8! ,&2:58%8#P! -! 6$+-5! 8<-5/-%$&+! X&'1(*&:! X-(! ,&+#/,%8#! $+! ^/+8! BCDEJ! 7*'&/@*&/%! %*8$'! 8+@-@828+%! X$%*! %*8! :'&c8,%! %*8! %8-2! 282G8'(! 6/+,%$&+8#! -(! '8658,%$<8! :'-,%$%$&+8'(P! ,&+%$+/&/(50! '8658,%$+@! &+!%*8$'!:'-,%$,8(!%*'&/@*!-!:'&@'8(($<8!,&+,8:%!2-::$+@!8Z8',$(8!,&2G$+8#! X$%*! $+#$<$#/-5! +-''-%$<8(J! 7*$(! -::'&-,*! %*'&/@*&/%! %*8! %X&! :*-(8(! &6! %*8! :'&c8,%!8+*-+,8#!%*8!'8(8-',*!,-:-,$%0!&6!%*8!-,-#82$,!(%-66!-(!X855J! +<'1.'#(0")0C)(?A'/#5) H!180!6&,/(!&6!%*$(!X&'1!*-(!G88+!,-:-,$%0!G/$5#$+@!&6!4-,/5%0!282G8'(!$+!%*8! $+%8@'-%$&+!&6!>?7!-+#!9"O!$+!%*8!,&/'(8!#8($@+!-+#!#8<85&:28+%!:'&,8((J!7&! 8<-5/-%8!G&%*!$%(!(*&'%!-+#!5&+@I%8'2!$2:-,%(P!-+!-,%$&+!'8(8-',*!28%*&#&5&@0! X-(!-#&:%8#J!H,%$&+!'8(8-',*!$(!-(!-!6&'2!&6!(856I'8658,%$<8!8+f/$'0!/+#8'%-18+! G0!:-'%$,$:-+%(!$+!(&,$-5!($%/-%$&+(!%&!$2:'&<8!%*8$'!:'-,%$,8(P!-+#!%*8!($%/-%$&+(! $+! X*$,*! %*8(8! :'-,%$,8(! -'8! ,-''$8#! &/%! a?-''! o! .822$(P! DRTWbJ! 7*8! -,%$&+! '8(8-',*!28%*&#&5&@0!$(!G-($,-550!-G&/%!#8($@+$+@!-+#!$2:5828+%$+@!,*-+@8P! '8658,%$+@!/:&+!$%P!-+#!58-'+$+@!6'&2!%*8!8Z:8'$8+,8J!>%!$(!-+!$%8'-%$<8!:'&,8((! %*-%!,&2:'$(8(!%*8!-,%(!&6!:5-++$+@P!-,%$+@P!&G(8'<$+@!-+#!'8658,%$+@!a)88!4$@J! DJBbJ! !
- 34. 16 Integrating OER in Educational Practice : Practitioner Stories !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!) ! DW! ! ! 4$@J!DJB!H,%$&+!O8(8-',*!?0,58!a*%%:LMMG$%J50MD:%@&7Bb! 7*8!:'&c8,%!X-(!:5-++8#!X$%*!$+%8'<8+%$&+(!-(!:-'%!&6!%X&!180!:*-(8(L! -b ?-:-,$%0! G/$5#$+@! &6! %8-,*8'! 8#/,-%&'(! &+! -#&:%$+@P! -#-:%$+@! -+#! $+%8@'-%$+@!9"O!$+!%*8$'!,&/'(8(l!-+#! Gb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c8,%!a(88!4$@/'8!DJVbJ!
- 35. 17 The Open University of Sri Lanka)))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))) ! DS! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ) B&'?$=0&K) >+%8':'8%-%$<8! F*8+&28+&5&@$,-5! H+-50($(! a>FHb! X-(! /(8#! -(! %*8! 28%*&#&5&@$,-5! ,&+(%'/,%! %&! :'&<$#8! -+! &'@-+$i$+@! 6'-28X&'1! 6&'! %*8! ,&558,%$&+! -+#! -+-50($(! &6! #-%-! #/'$+@! %*$(! :'&,8((J! >FH! $(! -+! -::'&-,*! ,&22&+50!/(8#!$+!:*8+&28+&5&@$,-5!:(0,*&5&@0!%&!&668'!$+($@*%(!$+%&!*&X!-! :8'(&+! $+! -! @$<8+! ,&+%8Z%! 2-18(! (8+(8! &6! -! @$<8+! :*8+&28+&+J! >%! $(! -! 4$@J!DJVL!H!#$-@'-22-%$,!<$8X!&6!%*8!$+%8'<8+%$&+(!-%!%X&!:*-(8(!&6! %*8!:'&c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ig. 1.3: A diagrammatic view of the interventions at two phases of the project
- 36. 18 Integrating OER in Educational Practice : Practitioner Stories!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!) ! DT! ! 28%*&#&5&@0! 6&'! 8Z:5&'$+@! $+! @'8-%! #8%-$5! *&X! $+#$<$#/-5(! -'8! :8',8$<$+@! %*8! :-'%$,/5-'! ($%/-%$&+(! %*80! -'8! 6-,$+@! -+#! 2-1$+@! (8+(8! &6! %*8$'! :8'(&+-5! -+#! (&,$-5! X&'5#! a)2$%*! o! 9(G&'+8P! BCCVbJ! 7*$(! -::'&-,*! *85:(! %&! #$(,&<8'! %*8! 28-+$+@! &6! %*8! 8Z:8'$8+,8! &6! 8-,*! $+#$<$#/-5! %*'&/@*! :-'%$,$:-+%([! -+#! '8(8-',*8'([!$+%8':'8%-%$&+(P!%*'&/@*!8Z-2$+$+@!%*8$'!d5$<8#!8Z:8'$8+,8([!aO8$#P! 45&X8'(!o!=-'1$+P!BCCUbJ!! 7*8! ,&558,%$&+! &6! #-%-! ,&228+,8#! ($2/5%-+8&/(50! X$%*! F*-(8! >J! F-'%$,$:-+%([! G-,1@'&/+#!$+6&'2-%$&+!-+#!%*8$'!,/''8+%!1+&X58#@8!-+#!:8',8:%$&+(!&6!9"O!X-(! ,&558,%8#!X$%*!-!:'85$2$+-'0!(/'<80J!4/'%*8'2&'8P!-!,&+,8:%!2-::$+@!8Z8',$(8!X-(! ,-''$8#! &/%! %&! 85$,$%! :-'%$,$:-+%([! ,/''8+%! /+#8'(%-+#$+@! &6! 9"O! -+#! '85-%8#! ,&+,8:%(J!H!@/$#85$+8!%&!#8<85&:!,&+,8:%!2-:(!X-(!:'&<$#8#!%&!-55!%8-2!282G8'(! a(88!H::8+#$ZJ!DbJ!! F-'%$,$:-+%(! X8'8! '8f/$'8#! %&! ,&+%$+/8! X$%*! %*8! ,&+,8:%! 2-::$+@! 8Z8',$(8! %*'&/@*&/%!%*8!:'&c8,%!%&!'8658,%!&+!%*8!#8<85&:28+%!&6!%*8$'!/+#8'(%-+#$+@!&6!9"O! -+#! '85-%8#! ,&+,8:%(J! 7*8(8! 2-::$+@! -,%$<$%$8(! X8'8! %&! G8! -,,&2:-+$8#! X$%*! $+#$<$#/-5!+-''-%$<8(!X*$,*!X8'8!#8($@+8#!%&!8+-G58!:-'%$,$:-+%(!%&!8Z:5-$+!%*8$'! ,&+,8:%! 2-:(J! >+! -##$%$&+P! :-'%$,$:-+%(! X8'8! -(18#! %&! 188:! -! '8658,%$<8! c&/'+-5! #/'$+@! %*8! :'&,8((J! 4&,/(! f/8(%$&+(! %&! @/$#8! %*8$'! (856I'8658,%$&+(! X8'8! -5(&! :'&<$#8#!a(88!H::8+#$ZJ!BbJ! 9+,8!%*8!6$<8!,&/'(8(!%*-%!X8'8!#8($@+8#!#/'$+@!F*-(8!>!X8'8!#8<85&:8#!-(! &+5$+8!,&/'(8(!%&!G8!&668'8#!$+!&:!58-'+$+@!2-+-@828+%!(0(%82!a=)bP! %*8(8! ,&/'(8(! X8'8! %*8+! :$5&%8#! X$%*! (2-55! @'&/:(! &6! (%/#8+%(J! 9'$8+%-%$&+! X&'1(*&:(! 6&'! %*8! (858,%8#! @'&/:(! &6! (%/#8+%(! 6&'! %*8! 6$<8! 9"OI$+%8@'-%8#! &+5$+8! ,&/'(8(! X8'8! ,&+#/,%8#J! H%! 58-(%! %X&! 282G8'(! 6'&2! 8-,*! %8-2! 8+@-@8#!-(!&+5$+8!2'-%&'(!6-,$5$%-%$+@!%*8!(%/#8+%(!&+,8!%*8!,&/'(8(!X8'8! $2:5828+%8#!&+5$+8J!! H!@8+8'$,!8<-5/-%$&+!:5-+!X-(!#8<85&:8#!G0!%*8!:'&c8,%!58-#8'(P!-+#!(*-'8#! X$%*!-55!%8-2(!%&!-#&:%!$+!%*8!8<-5/-%$&+!:'&,8((!a(88!H::8+#$ZJ!VbJ!>%!6&,/(8#! &+!%*'88!180!-(:8,%(L!%*8!,&+,8:%!&6!9"Ol!%*8!)Q=!:8#-@&@$,-5!-::'&-,*l!-+#! %*8!&+5$+8!58-'+$+@!8+<$'&+28+%!a9="bJ! 7*8! 6&55&X$+@! X8'8! $#8+%$6$8#! -(! ,'$%8'$-! /+#8'! X*$,*! 8-,*! -(:8,%! X-(! 8<-5/-%8#L! DJ 3-%/'8!&6!-#&:%$&+!-+#!$+%8@'-%$&+!a_&X!)Q=M9"OM9="!-'8!-::5$8#!$+!8-,*! ,&/'(8bl! BJ ;(-G$5$%0!a3-%/'8!&6!(%/#8+%!/(8P!`/'-%$&+P!"Z%8+%!&6!/(8!8%,Jbl!-+#!
- 37. 19 The Open University of Sri Lanka)))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))) ! DR! ! VJ "668,%$<8+8((!&6!$2:-,%!a]*-%!%0:8(!-+#!$+!X*$,*!X-0(Y8%,b! 7*8! :$5&%! %8(%! &6! 8-,*! ,&/'(8! X$%*! (858,%8#! (%/#8+%! @'&/:(! -#&:%8#! %*8! 6&55&X$+@! (%'-%8@$8(! 6&'! #-%-! @-%*8'$+@! a(-2:58! #-%-! ,&558,%$&+! $+(%'/28+%(! X8'8!:'8:-'8#!G0!%*8!:'&c8,%!58-#8'(!-+#!(*-'8#!X$%*!-55!%8-2(!%&!-#-:%!-(! '8f/$'8#bL! DJ F'8I(/'<80!I!q/8(%$&++-$'8!aF'$+%M9+5$+8b! I!4&,/($+@!&+!:-'%$,$:-+%(r!G-,1@'&/+#!$+6&'2-%$&+!-+#!%*8$'!$+$%$-5! :8',8:%$&+(!&+!:8#-@&@$,-5!-::'&-,*8(P!/(8!&6!%8-,*$+@I58-'+$+@!'8(&/',8(! -+#!&+5$+8!58-'+$+@! BJ O8658,%$<8!^&/'+-5!a9665$+8M9+5$+8b!p!7&!G8!2-$+%-$+8#!G0!58-'+8'(! %*'&/@*&/%!%*8!:'&,8((! I!n/$#85$+8(!:'&<$#8#!%&!6&,/(!:-'%$,$:-+%(r!'8658,%$&+(!&+!%*8!%*'88!-(:8,%(! a)Q=l!9"Ol!9="b! VJ H+-50($(!&6!&+5$+8!:-'%$,$:-%$&+!/($+@!-!?*8,15$(%! I!"+@-@828+%!$+!58-'+$+@!-,%$<$%$8(P!/(8!&6!'8(&/',8(P!&+5$+8!#$(,/(($&+(P! $+%8'-,%$&+(!8%,J! EJ H+-50($(!&6!-(($@+28+%(!-+#!58-'+$+@!-,%$<$%$8(!,&2:58%8#!G0!:-'%$,$:-+%(! UJ F&(%I(/'<80!I!q/8(%$&++-$'8!aF'$+%M9+5$+8b! I!4&,/($+@!&+!:-'%$,$:-+%(r!:8',8:%$&+(!&+!)Q=P!9"O!o!9="!-+#!'85-%8#! ,'$%8'$-P!-%!%*8!8+#!&6!%*8!:'&,8((! WJ )82$I(%'/,%/'8#!>+%8'<$8X(!I!>+%8'<$8X!(,*8#/58J! I!7&!@-%*8'!6/'%*8'!#-%-!6'&2!(858,%8#!(/GI@'&/:(!&6!:-'%$,$:-+%(J! `-%-! -+-50($(! ,&2:'$(8#! ,&+%8+%! -+-50($(! -+#! ,&#$+@M,-%8@&'$i$+@P! (/::5828+%8#!X$%*!G-($,!f/-+%$%-%$<8!#-%-!-+-50($(J!H55!282G8'(!&6!8-,*!%8-2! 8+@-@8#!$+!,&558,%$+@!-+#!-+-50i$+@!#-%-!/($+@!%*8!(%'-%8@$8(!$#8+%$6$8#!-G&<8P! -,,&'#$+@!%&!-!#$(%'$G/%8#!X&'1!:5-+!X$%*!(:8,$6$8#!%$28!6'-28(J! ) )
- 38. 20 Integrating OER in Educational Practice : Practitioner Stories!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!) ! BC! ! 2&0/$-.&$) H+! 8<-5/-%$&+! X&'1(*&:! X-(! *85#! $+! ^/+8! BCDE! %&! :/55! %&@8%*8'! -55! &6! %*8(8! -,%$<$%$8(!&+!%*8!$+%8@'-%$&+!&6!>?7!-+#!9"O!$+!%8-,*8'!8#/,-%$&+!,&/'(8(!&6!%*8! 4-,/5%0!&6!"#/,-%$&+P!X$%*!-!(:8,$6$,!6&,/(!&+!%*8!6&55&X$+@L! -b `8<85&:28+%! &6! -,-#82$,! (%-66! ,-:-,$%0! $+! ,&/'(8! #8($@+! -+#! #8<85&:28+%l! Gb >+%8@'-%$&+! &6! 9"O! -+#! >?7! $+! ,&/'(8! #8($@+! -+#! #8<85&:28+%l! %8-,*$+@! -+#!(/::&'%$+@!58-'+$+@!&+5$+8l! ,b H,*$8<828+%! &6! $+%8+#8#! 58-'+$+@! &/%,&28(! G0! (%/#8+%(P! (%/#8+%! 2&%$<-%$&+! -+#! (%/#8+%! '8658,%$&+(! &+! %*8$'! 58-'+$+@! 8Z:8'$8+,8! G0! '8@$&+(M@8+#8'M-@8!@'&/:(!8%,Jl!-+#! #b "+*-+,828+%! &6! %*8! f/-5$%0! &6! %8-,*8'! 8#/,-%$&+! :'&@'-228(! %*'&/@*! $+%8@'-%$&+!&6!9"O!-+#!>?7J! 7*8!-$2!&6!%*8!:'&c8,%!X-(!%&!G/$5#!%*8!,-:-,$%0!&6!-,-#82$,!(%-66!-%!%*8!4-,/5%0! &6! "#/,-%$&+P! 9;)=P! $+! $+%8@'-%$+@! >?7! -+#! 9"O! $+%&! $%(! %8-,*8'! 8#/,-%$&+! :'&@'-2(! -+#! 8<-5/-%8! $%(! $2:-,%(J! `-%-! @-%*8'8#! '8<8-58#! %*-%! %*$(! +&<85! 8Z:8'$8+,8!&+!>?7!-+#!9"O!$+%8@'-%$&+!$+%&!%8-,*8'!8#/,-%$&+!,&/'(8(!X-(!<8'0! 8668,%$<8!$+!G/$5#$+@!,-:-,$%0!&6!%8-,*8'!8#/,-%&'(P!-+#!$+!2&%$<-%$+@!%*82!%&! :'&@'8((! X$%*! %*8! 6/%/'8! -,%$<$%$8(! $+! '85-%$&+! %&! %*$(! :'&c8,%J! 7*8'8! X-(! 8<$#8+,8!&6!-!@'8-%!#8-5!&6!,&+6$#8+,8!$+!(%-66!&+!-::50$+@!%*8$'!+8X!1+&X58#@8! -+#! (1$55(! -+#! -%%$%/#8! G/$5#$+@! &+! #8<85&:$+@! -! k(*-'$+@! ,/5%/'8e! -+#! :'&2&%$+@!k9:8+!"#/,-%$&+-5!F'-,%$,8(e!a9"Fb!-2&+@!%*8!%8-2!282G8'(J! H! 2-c&'! &Gc8,%$<8! &6! %*$(! 8<-5/-%$&+! X&'1(*&:! X-(! %&! @8%! :-'%$,$:-+%(! %&! ,&2:$58!%*8$'!'8658,%$&+(!%&!-!(%&'0!&6!%*8$'!8Z:8'$8+,8(P!*8+,8!%*8!X&'1(*&:! X-(!G$558#!-(P!_V$/0F("%)'),$B1$/#(A$)2&'/#(#(0"$&3)>$11)G$)U0.&)4#0&;`J!!7*8!180! &Gc8,%$<8(!&6!%*8!8<-5/-%$&+!X&'1(*&:!X8'8!-(!6&55&X(L! ! ?'$%$,-550! '8658,%! &+! %*8! 8Z:8'$8+,8(! &6! %*8! :-'%$,$:-+%(! %*'&/@*&/%! %*8! :'&,8((l! ! 9'@-+$i$+@! -+#! '8658,%$+@! &+! %*8! ,&558,%8#! -+#! -+-50i8#! #-%-! #/'$+@! %*8! :'&,8((l!-+#! ! ?&2:$5$+@!%*8!'8658,%$&+(!-+#!X'$%$+@!k)%&'$8(e!&6!%*8!6$<8!%8-2(J!
- 39. 21 The Open University of Sri Lanka)))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))) ! BD! ! 7*8! X&'1(*&:! -,%$<$%$8(! X8'8! :5-++8#! %&! 8+-G58! %*8! :-'%$,$:-+%(! %&! ,'$%$,-550! '8658,%!&+!%*8$'!8Z:8'$8+,8(P!X$%*!%*8!(/::&'%!&6!#-%-!,&558,%8#!-+#!-+-50i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c&0s! ,$C$&$"/$5) Q88'P! )J! aDRTUbJ! `$-@+&($+@! %*8! )0(%82! 6&'! 9'@-+$i-%$&+(J! 3tL! ^&*+! ]$580! o! )&+(J! ?-''P!]J!-+#!.822$(P!)J!aDRTWbJ!W$/0I("%)6&(#(/'13)+-./'#(0"=)S"0L1$-%$)'"-) H/#(0"),$5$'&/7!H<-$5-G58!-%! K*%%:LMM8+&%8iJ6$58(JX&'#:'8((J,&2MBCDDMCRMG8,&2$+@I,'$%$,-5J:#6N! H,,8((8#!CBJCTJBCDE! 3-$#/P!)J!aBCDCbJ!;($+@!(,8+-'$&IG-(8#!58-'+$+@!%&!:'&2&%8!($%/-%8#!58-'+$+@! -+#! #8<85&:! :'&68(($&+-5! 1+&X58#@8J! >+! "J! FJ! "''$+@%&+! a"#JbP! 2&$?'&("%) %&'-.'#$5) B0&) #7$) ?&0B$55(0"5) .5("%) 5/$"'&(0FU'5$-) 1$'&"("%P! aVRIERbP! Q'$(G-+8L!F&(%!F'8((8#J! O8$#P!.JP!45&X8'(P!FJ!o!=-'1$+P!J!aBCCUbJ!"Z:5&'$+@!5$<8#!8Z:8'$8+,8L!H+! $+%'&#/,%$&+!%&!>+%8':'8%-%$<8!F*8+&28+&5&@$,-5!H+-50($(J!7*8! F(0,*&5&@$(%P!DTLDP!BCIBVJ! K*%%:LMMXXXJ%*8:(0,*&5&@$(%J&'@J/1M-',*$<8M-',*$<8u*&28J,62M<&5/28 >`uDTI8#$%$&+>`uDDEIH'%$,58>`uSRTI @8%6$58u@8%F`4M%*8:(0,*&5&@$(%vU?CDCU'8$#J:#6N!H,,8((8#!CBJCTJBCDE!
- 40. 22 Integrating OER in Educational Practice : Practitioner Stories!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!) ! BB! ! )8+P!HJ!aDRRRbJ!E$A$10?I$"#)'5)B&$$-0I[)9Z6&'#L!9Z6&'#!;+$<8'($%0!F'8((J! )2$%*P!^J!o!9(G&'+P!J!aBCCVbJ!>+%8':'8%$<8!:*8+&28+&5&@$,-5!-+-50($(J!>+!^JHJ! )2$%*!a"#Jb!a.'1(#'#(A$)?5;/7010%;3)H)?&'/#(/'1)%.(-$)#0)&$5$'&/7)I$#70-5! a::JUDITCbJ!=&+#&+L!)-@8J! ):8,%&'P!^JJ!o!8''$55P!J`J!aBCCTbJ!"#$%&'$-5J!`$(%-+,8!"#/,-%$&+P!BRaBbP!DBVp DBWJ! )%$@5$%iP! ^J"J! aBCDBbJ! >7$) ?&(/$) 0B) ("$X.'1(#;3) b0L) #0-';c5) -(A(-$-) 50/($#;) $"-'"%$&5)0.&)B.#.&$P!]J]J!3&'%&+!o!?&2:-+0P!>)Q3!RSTICVRVCTTWREJ! ;3")?9J!aBCDBbJ!2'&(5)*+,)E$/1'&'#(0"[)!H<-$5-G58!-%! K*%%:LMMXXXJ/+8(,&J&'@M+8XM6$58-#2$+M;=7>"`>HM_qM?>M?>M:#6M"<8+ %(MF-'$(vBC9"OvBC`8,5-'-%$&+uCDJ:#6N!H,,8((8#!CBJCTJBCDE! ]$580P!`J!aBCCSbJ!*")#7$)4.5#'("'U(1(#;)0B)*?$")+-./'#(0"'1),$50.&/$)!"(#('#(A$5) (")b(%7$&)+-./'#(0"[)H<-$5-G58!-%!K*%%:LMMXXXJ&8,#J&'@M8#/M&8'N! H,,8((8#!CBJCTJBCDE! ) ) ) ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !
- 42. 24 Integrating OER in Educational Practice : Practitioner Stories !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!) ! BE! !
- 43. 25 The Open University of Sri Lanka )))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))) ! BU! ! 6E'A#$&)S) F$#T5)6E'"%$)*.&)I("-5) H"0F')H&(;'&'#"$=),'"-(F'),'9'?'<5$=)G'1("()G."'5("%7$=))))))))))))))))))))) 2Z)4$"$A(&'#"$=)>Z)G.<."#7'"=)TZTZ!)T$$?#7("()'"-)T(1("()67'#7.&(<') ) B'/("%)6E'11$"%$5) 9+8!&6!%*8!2-c&'!,*-558+@8(!6-,$+@!,&/'(8!#8<85&:28+%!$+!-+!9`=!(0(%82!$(! %*8! (,-',$%0! &6! (/Gc8,%! 2-%%8'! 8Z:8'%$(8! %&! #8<85&:! @&&#! f/-5$%0! ,&/'(8! 2-%8'$-5(J!&(%!/+$<8'($%0!-,-#82$,(!-'8!/+-G58!%&!6$+#!%*8!%$28!%&!/:#-%8!%*8! ,&/'(8!2-%8'$-5(J!`8<85&:$+@!@&&#!f/-5$%0!(%/#0!2-%8'$-5(!$(!-+&%*8'!#$66$,/5%0! X8!6-,8#J!"<8+!%*&/@*!X8!'8-5$i8#!%*8!+88#!%&!$+,5/#8!'8-5!5$68!($%/-%$&+(!$+! (%/#0! 2-%8'$-5(P! %*8! &+50! (&5/%$&+! X8! *-#! %&! &<8',&28! %*$(! $((/8! X-(! %&! :'&<$#8!<$#8&(!&6!-/%*8+%$,!($%/-%$&+(!a8(:8,$-550!'858<-+%!%&!0&/+@!,*$5#'8+bJ! _&X8<8'P!2&(%!&6!%*8!-,-#82$,(!-'8!+&%!$+!-!:&($%$&+!%&!:'&#/,8!<$#8&(!#/8!%&! %$28!,&+(%'-$+%(!-+#!%*8$'!5$2$%8#!(1$55!X$%*!<$#8&!:'&#/,%$&+J!! >+! %*8! :'&,8((! &6! :'&#/,$+@! :'$+%8#! (%/#0! 2-%8'$-5(P! %*8'8! -'8! 2-+0! &%*8'! '8f/$'828+%(!(/,*!-(!5-+@/-@8!-+#!,&+%8+%!8#$%$+@P!'8<$($+@P!:'&&6!'8-#$+@!-+#! :'$+%$+@J!7*8'86&'8P!6&'!%*$(!:'&,8((!X8!+88#!%&!#8:8+#!&+!(/Gc8,%!(:8,$-5$(%(P! 5-+@/-@8! (:8,$-5$(%(P! -+#! 2-+0! &%*8'! $+#$<$#/-5(J! 4$+-550P! %*8! %&%-5! ,&(%! &6! :'&#/,$+@!:'$+%!2-%8'$-5(!G8,&28(!,&+($#8'-G50!*$@*J!>+!-##$%$&+P!#/'$+@!%*8! :'$+%$+@!:'&,8((!#85-0(!-+#!:'$+%$+@!8''&'(!2-0!&,,/'J!9+,8!%*8!:'$+%$+@!c&G!$(! &<8'P!#$(:-%,*!&6!:'$+%!2-%8'$-5(!%&!%*8!,8+%8'(!-55!&<8'!%*8!,&/+%'0!$(!'8f/$'8#J!!!! 6E'11$"%$5U(55.$5)C'/$-)-.&("%)#E$)#$'/E("%91$'&"("%)A&0/$55)))) 7*8! %8-,*$+@I58-'+$+@! :'&,8((! -%! %*8! 9;)=! $(! 2-$+50! %*'&/@*! (856I(%/#0! 2-%8'$-5(P! (/::&'%8#! X$%*! -! 5$2$%8#! +/2G8'! &6! ,&+%-,%! (8(($&+(M#-0I(,*&&5(J! `$668'8+%! '8(&/',8! :8'(&+(! %'-$+8#! G0! %*8! -,-#82$,(! &6! %*8! `8:-'%28+%! -'8! 8+@-@8#! $+! %*$(! %-(1! -%! (8<8'-5! ,8+%8'(! -55! &<8'! %*8! ,&/+%'0J! _&X8<8'P! $+,&+($(%8+,0!2-0!&,,/'!$+!%*$(!:'&,8((J!4&'!$+(%-+,8P!%*8!,&+%8+%!&6!%*8!,&/'(8! d?*$5#!`8<85&:28+%[!,&+($(%(!&6!5&%!&6!$+6&'2-%$&+!%*-%!$(!'-:$#50!,*-+@$+@!X$%*! 828'@$+@!+8X!1+&X58#@8P!G/%!$%!$(!#&/G%6/5!X*8%*8'!-55!'8(&/',8!:8'(&+(!-'8! /:#-%$+@!%*8$'!1+&X58#@8!-+#!#85$<8'$+@!+8X!1+&X58#@8!#/'$+@!#-0I(,*&&5(J! Chapter 2
- 44. 26 Integrating OER in Educational Practice : Practitioner Stories!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!) ! BW! ! )$2$5-'50P!$6!-!(%/#8+%!2$((8(!-!#-0!(,*&&5!#/8!%&!-+0!'8-(&+P!%*80!X$55!+&%!@8%! -+&%*8'!&::&'%/+$%0!%&!8+@-@8!$+!%*8!#$(,/(($&+(!-+#!@'&/:!X&'1!X*$,*!-'8! %*8! 2-c&'! 58-'+$+@! 8Z:8'$8+,8(J! H5(&P! $%! $(! #&/G%6/5! X*8%*8'! -55! '8(&/',8! :8'(&+(!-'8!8f/-550!,-:-G58!&6!-,,&22&#-%$+@!%*8!#$<8'(8!+88#(!&6!(%/#8+%! @'&/:(! X*&! *-<8! #$668'8+%! 58-'+$+@! (%058(! -+#! 2-+0! &%*8'! $+#$<$#/-5! #$668'8+,8(J! )$+,8! %*8'8! $(! -! 5-'@8! +/2G8'! &6! 8Z%8'+-5! '8(&/',8! :8'(&+(! 8+@-@8#!$+!%*$(!%-(1!$%!$(!<8'0!#$66$,/5%!%&!2&+$%&'!%*8$'!%8-,*$+@!:'&,8((P!6&'! ,&+($(%8+,0J!! ?&+%$+/&/(!-((8((28+%!%*'&/@*!-(($@+28+%(!$(!-+&%*8'!2-c&'!%8,*+$f/8!%*-%! $(! :'-,%$,8#! $+! %*8! %8-,*$+@I58-'+$+@! :'&,8((! $+! 9`=! 2J! 7*8! ,&228+%(! 2-#8!G0!%*8!-(($@+28+%!2-'1$+@!8Z-2$+8'(!*85:!(%/#8+%(!%&!@8%!688#G-,1!&+! $2:'&<$+@!%*8$'!58-'+$+@J!_&X8<8'P!-(($@+28+%!2-'1$+@!:'&,8((!$(!-!5&+@!-+#! -'#/&/(! :'&,8((J! "<8+! %*&/@*! 2-+0! 8Z%8'+-5! 2-'1$+@! 8Z-2$+8'(! X*&! -'8! 8+@-@8#!$+!%*$(!-,%$<$%0!-55!&<8'!%*8!,&/+%'0P!-55!(%/#8+%(!2-0!+&%!G8!@8%%$+@! @&&#!f/-5$%0!&'!8f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`DBVC!aX*$,*!X-(!%*8!6&,/(!&6!&/'! @'&/:b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
- 45. 27 The Open University of Sri Lanka)))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))) ! BS! ! 4#.-$"#)&$1'#$-)/E'11$"%$5UA&0@1$?5) 7*8! 2-c&'$%0! &6! (%/#8+%(! %*-%! 6&55&X! %*8! ,&/'(8M:'&@'-228! -'8! 2-''$8#! 682-58(J!7*80!6-,8!-!5&%!&6!6-2$50I!'85-%8#!:'&G582(!#/'$+@!%*8$'!(%/#0!:8'$&#J! Q8,-/(8!&6!%*$(!($%/-%$&+!%*8$'!'8@/5-'!-%%8+#-+,8!%&!#-0I(,*&&5(!-'8!<8'0!:&&'J! `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`/8!%&!$+(%$%/%$&+-5!,&+(%'-$+%(!-+#!$((/8(!'85-%8#!%&!-(($@+28+%!2-'1$+@P!%*8! (%/#8+%(! 2-0! +&%! @8%! %$2850! 688#G-,1! %&! $2:'&<8! %*82(85<8(J! `/8! %&! %*8$'! :8'(&+-5! 8+@-@828+%(! %*80! ,-++&%! 6$+#! %$28! %&! /(8! %*8! 5$G'-'$8(! 8$%*8'J! 7*8'86&'8P! %*80! *-<8! %&! 28'850! #8:8+#! &+! 1+&X58#@8! $2:-'%8#! G0! :'$+%! 2-%8'$-5(!%&!,&2:58%8!%*8!-(($@+28+%(J!7*8!6$+-5!'8(/5%!&6!-G&<8!$((/8(!X&/5#! G8! #'&::$+@! &/%! 6'&2! %*8! (0(%82P! &'! %-1$+@! -! 5&+@! %$28! %&! ,&2:58%8! %*8! :'&@'-228!(/,,8((6/550J!! T$$#("%)6E'11$"%$5) >+,&':&'-%$+@! '-:$#50! ,*-+@$+@! 1+&X58#@8! %&! (%/#8+%(! 8+'&558#! $+! %*8! :'&@'-228(!&6!-+!9`=!(0(%82!$(!-!G$@!,*-558+@8!6&'!&/'!,&/'(8!%8-2!-(!X855! &%*8'!,&/'(8!%8-2(!&6!%*8!4-,/5%0J!4-,8#!X$%*!(/,*!,*-558+@8(!-+#!$((/8(P!X8! 685%!%*-%!-!+88#!6&'!-!d,*-+@8[!X-(!8((8+%$-5!$+!&/'!,&/'(8!#8($@+!-+#!,&/'(8! #85$<8'0J! ! 7*8! F'&c8,%! &+! >?7! -+#! 9"O! $+%8@'-%$&+! :'&<$#8#! /(! X$%*! %*8! &::&'%/+$%0! %&! '8I%*$+1! &/'! -::'&-,*8(! %&! 288%$+@! %*8(8! ,*-558+@8(J! H(! -! %8-2P!X8!8+@-@8#!$+!%*8!<-'$&/(!-,%$<$%$8(!&'@-+$i8#!#/'$+@!<-'$&/(!(%-@8(!&6! %*$(!:'&c8,%J!! T$$#("%)/E'11$"%$5)(")A&0-./("%)/0.&5$)?'#$&('15) "#$%!&'()*+,-%*.!/$0-(1)$0!2"&/3! `/'$+@!%*8!6$'(%!X&'1(*&:!&6!%*8!F'&c8,%!&+!>?7!-+#!9"O!$+%8@'-%$&+P!-,-#82$,(! X*&!-'8!,&/'(8!#8($@+8'(!-+#!%8-,*8'(!-%!4-,/5%0!&6!"#/,-%$&+!X8'8!8Z:&(8#! %&!%*8!,&+,8:%!&6!9"O!X*$,*!X-(!-!+&<85!,&+,8:%!6&'!2&(%!&6!/(J!`/'$+@!%*$(! 8Z:8'$8+,8P! X8! '8,&@+$i8#! %*-%! k9:8+! "#/,-%$&+-5! O8(&/',8(! a9"Ob! -'8! %8-,*$+@P!58-'+$+@P!-+#!'8(8-',*!'8(&/',8(!%*-%!'8($#8!$+!%*8!:/G5$,!#&2-$+!&'! *-<8!G88+!'858-(8#!/+#8'!-+!$+%8558,%/-5!:'&:8'%0!5$,8+(8!%*-%!:8'2$%(!6'88!/(8!