DRONE:
UNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLE

Introduction
An unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), known as a
drone, is an aircraft without a human pilot.
Drone stands for Dynamic Remotely Operated
Navigation Equipment
Its flight is either controlled autonomously by
computers or under the remote control of a pilot
on the ground

Birth of uAv’s
The earliest attempt at a powered unmanned
aerial vehicle was A. M. Low's "Aerial Target" of
1916
After World War-I, including the first scale RPV,
developed by the film star and model airplane
enthusiast Reginald Denny in 1935
The birth of U.S. UAVs began in 1959 when
United States Air Force officers, concerned about
losing pilots over hostile territory.
The August 2 &4, 1964,U.S. Navy initiated
America's highly classified UAVs into their first
combat missions of the Vietnam War.

uAv is A “system”
Unmanned AircraftTransportable
Ground control System
Cockpit

Sub-System of UAVs
COMMUNICATIONS:-
Operates on ultra high frequency
Communicates with ku-band system
Operates with uplink frequencies from 15.15 to 15.35 GHz
and downlink frequency 14.40 GHz to 14.83 GHz
NAVIGATION:-
Avionics use satellite based system such as GPS and WAAS
It calculates position automatically

 MONITORING:-
 Includes GPS system
 High resolution video camera
 Super high resolution still camera
 COLLISION AVOIDANCE SYSTEM:-
 Use traffic and collision system
 Smaller aircraft use simple traffic alerting system
 Aircraft use ground proximity warning system
 WEATHER SYSTEM:-
 Use weather radar and lighting detector system

Structure of Global Hawk

INDIA HAVING UAV
DEVELOPED BY DRDO &
HAL
LAKASHYA DRDO RUSTOM
DEVELOPED BY ADE
FLUFFY PAWAN NISHANT

DRDO Rustom
• Rustom is a Medium Altitude
Long Endurance unmanned
combat air vehicle being
developed by DRDO.
• Digital Flight Control and
Navigation System, Automatic
Take off and Landing.
• Aerodynamic configurations,
High aspect ratio wing,
Composite airframe
integrated with propulsion
system, De-icing system for
wings

DRDO Nishant
• The DRDO Nishant is an developed by India's ADE .
• Day/night capability training vehicle.
• Its range of Service ceiling:3,600 m (upto 11,800 ft)

LAKSHYA PTA
Lakshya is an
Indian remotely
piloted high speed
target drone system
developed by ADE of
DRDO.
Service ceiling:
9,000 m (29,528 ft)
5,000 metres
(16,404 ft) with
towed target.
Launch: Rocket
Assisted

Comparison with US DRONE
US Drone-Global Hawk:
• Length-13.5m
• Wingspam-35.4m
• Height-4.6m
• Empty-Weight-3850kg
• Max loaded weight-10400kg
• Maximum speed-650kmph
• Service ceiling-20000m
• Endurance-34hours
Indian Drone-Rustom-H:
• Length-9.5m
• Wingspam-20.6m
• Height-6.1m
• Empty weight-1800kg
• Max loaded weight-2150kg
• Maximum Speed-225kmph
• Service ceiling-10668m
• Endurance-14hours

UAV vs. Manned Aircraft
 Remotely piloted vehicles will never fully replace manned
aircraft
 They can perform an increasingly sophisticated array of
missions due to their small size and decreased radar.
 To wholly replace man would be expensive and technically
risky.
 UAS should be only considered for certain types of
missions for which it can be a cost effective
 With a continuing trend of miniaturization in electronics,
the UAV can be made much smaller and cheaper
 Size largely determined by the size of the payload,

• IN COUNTER TERRORISM ACTIVITY:
• IN COMMERCIALAERIAL
SURVEILLANCE:

IN OIL, GAS AND MINERAL
EXPLORATION & PRODUCTION:
IN TRANSPORT
IN SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH
IN ARMED ATTACKS:
IN SEARCH & RESCUE:

ADVANTAGES
Does not contain, or need, a qualified pilot on board
Can enter environments that are dangerous to
human life
Reduces the exposure risk of the aircraft operator
Performing visual or thermal imaging of a region
Measuring cell phone, radio, or, TV coverage over
any terrain
Can be programmed to complete the mission
autonomously even when contact with its GCS is lost

DISADVANTAGES
Immoral
Civilian casualties
Angers many people in foreign countries(infringe
upon sovereignty)
Can be hacked or given viruses
Too small for transportation of materials
Low resistance to weather
Cannot refuel in flight
If contact is lost with the ground station, the vehicle
may be lost.

CONCLUSION
Unmanned Aerial Vehicles are an exciting field
in the world of aviation, with new discoveries.
Over the next 16 years, UAVs will become a
significant component of military, civil, and
perhaps even commercial aviation.
However, the very dynamic nature of the field
also creates a significant amount of
uncertainty. The wide range of UAV physical
and performance characteristics, many of
which will be very unlike any current aircraft,
will place additional challenges on an air
traffic management system.

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