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MICROBIOLOGY
AYESHA AMBREEN
General characteristics of Bacteria
‫ت‬‫صی‬‫صو‬‫خ‬‫مومی‬‫ع‬‫کی‬ ‫ا‬‫ی‬‫ر‬‫ی‬‫ٹ‬‫ک‬‫ی‬‫ب‬
PROTOPLAST
‫ا‬‫ی‬‫ر‬‫ی‬‫ٹ‬‫ک‬‫ی‬‫ب‬‫کی‬‫ب‬‫ج‬‫ی‬‫رون‬‫ی‬‫ب‬‫ہ‬‫وارن‬‫دی‬‫و‬‫ہ‬‫و‬‫ی‬‫اسے‬‫پ‬‫ٹ‬‫س‬‫ال‬‫ی‬‫و‬‫روی‬‫ے‬‫ت‬‫ہ‬‫ک‬‫ں‬‫ی‬‫ہ‬‫ان‬‫کی‬
cell wall‫اع‬‫ض‬‫و‬‫ہ‬‫ی‬‫ان‬‫ج‬‫ے‬‫ہ‬‫ن‬‫ج‬‫ر‬‫پ‬enzyme Lysozyme
‫ل‬‫م‬‫ع‬‫ا‬‫ی‬‫ر‬‫ک‬‫ے‬‫ہ‬‫اور‬peptidoglycan‫کو‬‫م‬‫ت‬‫خ‬‫کر‬‫ا‬‫ی‬‫ب‬‫د‬‫ے‬‫ہ‬‫اس‬‫ہ‬‫وج‬
‫سے‬‫ٹ‬‫س‬‫ال‬‫ی‬‫و‬‫روی‬‫پ‬((protoplast‫ی‬‫ان‬‫س‬‫آ‬‫سے‬‫اہ‬‫ی‬‫ب‬‫و‬‫ہ‬‫ا‬‫ای‬‫ج‬‫ے‬‫ہ‬‫ک‬‫کہ‬‫وی‬‫ی‬
‫اس‬‫کی‬‫ی‬‫رون‬‫ی‬‫ب‬‫لی‬‫ھ‬‫ج‬‫ں‬‫ی‬‫ہ‬‫ن‬‫ی‬‫ون‬‫ہ‬‫ہ‬‫ن‬‫دی‬‫ی‬‫ل‬‫و‬‫ی‬‫ل‬‫م‬‫ع‬‫ک‬‫ے‬‫ل‬‫ی‬‫ا‬‫ق‬‫ں‬‫ی‬‫ہ‬‫ن‬‫ا‬‫وی‬‫ہ‬-
SPHEROPLAST
Spheroplast‫ں‬‫ی‬‫م‬‫ل‬‫ی‬‫س‬‫کی‬‫وار‬‫دی‬‫ل‬‫م‬‫ک‬‫م‬
‫ا‬‫ی‬‫ی‬‫ون‬‫ہ‬‫ے‬‫ہ‬‫ا‬‫ور‬‫ہ‬‫ن‬‫ان‬‫ص‬‫ق‬‫ن‬
‫سی‬‫ک‬‫ھی‬‫ب‬‫ل‬‫مک‬‫ت‬‫ک‬‫ا‬‫ی‬‫ی‬‫دوان‬‫ی‬‫ن‬‫ع‬‫ن‬‫ن‬‫ی‬‫ل‬‫س‬‫ن‬‫پ‬‫کی‬‫و‬‫ہ‬‫ج‬‫سے‬‫ا‬‫وی‬‫ہ‬‫ے‬‫ہ‬‫ہ‬‫ن‬‫ی‬‫ن‬‫ب‬‫ا‬‫لی‬‫ض‬‫ا‬
‫ت‬‫ل‬‫ا‬‫ج‬‫ں‬‫ی‬‫م‬‫س‬‫واپ‬‫ے‬‫ان‬‫ج‬‫کی‬‫ت‬‫خی‬‫ال‬‫ض‬‫ا‬‫ی‬‫ھ‬‫ک‬‫ر‬‫ے‬‫ہ‬‫اگر‬‫ل‬‫مک‬‫ت‬‫ک‬‫اں‬‫وہ‬‫سے‬‫ا‬‫ی‬‫ہ‬‫ا‬‫دی‬
‫ے‬‫ان‬‫ج‬‫ال‬‫ی‬‫م‬‫کے‬‫طور‬‫ر‬‫پ‬‫ب‬‫ج‬spheroplast‫کو‬‫سی‬‫ک‬culture
media‫ں‬‫ی‬‫م‬‫ا‬‫ای‬‫گ‬‫ا‬‫ے‬‫ان‬‫ج‬
L -FORMS
‫ل‬‫ض‬‫ا‬‫ں‬‫ی‬‫م‬‫ا‬‫ی‬‫ر‬‫ی‬‫ٹ‬‫ک‬‫ی‬‫کی‬‫ر‬‫ی‬‫غ‬‫ن‬‫وار‬‫دی‬‫والی‬‫صورت‬‫ے‬‫ہ‬‫ہ‬‫ن‬‫سی‬‫پ‬‫ا‬‫ت‬‫ل‬‫ا‬‫ج‬‫ں‬‫ی‬‫م‬‫ا‬‫وی‬‫ہ‬‫ے‬‫ہ‬
‫ب‬‫ج‬‫اردگردکے‬‫االت‬‫ج‬‫ق‬‫ف‬‫موا‬‫ہ‬‫ن‬‫و‬‫ہ‬‫ہ‬‫ن‬‫ی‬‫ن‬‫ب‬‫ا‬‫اد‬‫د‬‫ع‬‫ن‬‫ی‬‫م‬‫ں‬‫ہ‬‫اف‬‫اض‬‫ے‬‫کرن‬‫کے‬
‫ل‬‫ی‬‫ا‬‫ق‬‫ں‬‫ی‬‫ہ‬‫اور‬‫ان‬‫کے‬culture media‫ں‬‫ی‬‫م‬‫ش‬‫اپ‬‫ز‬‫اف‬‫ل‬‫س‬‫پ‬‫ھی‬‫ب‬‫کی‬
‫ا‬‫ج‬‫ی‬‫ن‬‫ک‬‫س‬‫ے‬‫ہ‬
(BACTERIAL CAPSULE) ‫کیپسول‬ ‫کا‬ ‫بیکٹیریا‬
‫ک‬‫ی‬‫ا‬‫ےاردگرد‬‫ت‬‫ب‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬‫ی‬‫ر‬‫ی‬‫ٹ‬‫ک‬‫ی‬‫ب‬‫ارے‬‫س‬‫ت‬‫ہ‬‫ن‬polysaccharide‫ا‬‫ی‬‫ب‬‫ہہ‬‫ن‬‫کی‬
‫سے‬‫ج‬ ‫ں‬‫ی‬‫ہ‬‫ے‬‫ت‬‫ی‬‫ل‬slime‫ہ‬‫ی‬‫ان‬‫ج‬‫ی‬‫ون‬‫ہ‬ ‫ت‬‫خ‬‫س‬‫ہ‬‫ن‬‫ب‬‫ج‬‫ں‬‫ی‬‫ہ‬ ‫ے‬‫ت‬‫ہ‬‫ک‬‫ہ‬‫ن‬‫و‬‫ی‬‫ے‬
‫ی‬‫ٹ‬‫ک‬‫ی‬‫ے‬‫ہ‬‫ی‬‫ن‬‫ی‬‫ل‬‫کر‬ ‫ار‬‫ی‬‫ی‬‫خ‬‫ا‬ ‫ل‬‫ک‬‫ش‬‫کی‬ ‫سول‬‫ن‬‫ی‬‫ک‬‫ے‬‫ت‬‫ھ‬‫ک‬‫ی‬‫د‬‫کو‬ ‫سول‬‫ن‬‫ی‬‫ک‬ ‫کے‬ ‫ا‬‫ی‬‫ر‬‫ے‬‫ت‬‫ل‬ ‫کے‬
‫ں‬‫ی‬‫ہ‬‫ے‬‫ڑن‬‫پ‬ ‫ے‬‫کرن‬ ‫ار‬‫ی‬‫ی‬‫خ‬‫ا‬‫ے‬‫ق‬‫ن‬‫طر‬‫اص‬‫ج‬
‫سے‬‫پ‬ ‫ا‬‫ا‬‫ی‬‫ر‬‫ی‬‫ٹ‬‫ک‬‫ی‬‫ن‬‫ج‬‫ا‬‫ک‬‫سول‬‫ن‬‫ی‬‫ک‬‫ا‬‫وی‬‫ہ‬‫ے‬‫ہ‬‫ان‬‫کی‬‫اری‬‫م‬‫ت‬‫ب‬‫کی‬‫ت‬‫خی‬‫ال‬‫ض‬‫ادہ‬‫زی‬‫ی‬‫ون‬‫ہ‬‫ے‬‫ہ‬‫و‬‫ی‬‫ک‬‫کہ‬‫ی‬
‫وہ‬‫ق‬‫ف‬‫اموا‬‫ی‬‫االت‬‫ج‬‫ں‬‫ی‬‫م‬‫ھی‬‫ب‬‫دہ‬‫زی‬‫ے‬‫ت‬‫ہ‬‫ر‬‫ں‬‫ی‬‫ہ‬‫ب‬‫ج‬‫اور‬‫االت‬‫ج‬‫ا‬‫س‬‫ار‬‫گ‬‫ز‬‫ے‬‫ون‬‫ہ‬‫ں‬‫ی‬‫ہ‬‫و‬‫ی‬‫ھر‬‫ب‬
‫اری‬‫م‬‫ت‬‫ب‬‫ا‬‫الی‬‫ی‬‫ھ‬‫ب‬‫روع‬‫ش‬‫کر‬‫ے‬‫ت‬‫ب‬ ‫د‬‫ں‬‫ی‬‫ہ‬-
PILI ‫اور‬ FLAGELLA
‫س‬‫ا‬‫ک‬ ‫اس‬ ‫ں‬‫ی‬‫ہ‬‫ے‬‫کرن‬ ‫ت‬‫ک‬‫ر‬‫ح‬‫و‬‫ج‬ ‫ا‬‫ی‬‫ر‬‫ی‬‫ٹ‬‫ک‬‫ی‬‫ب‬‫سے‬‫پ‬ ‫ا‬‫د‬‫زاہ‬‫سے‬‫ک‬‫ی‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬‫ی‬‫ک‬‫ی‬‫ا‬ ‫ب‬‫ی‬
‫ک‬‫ی‬‫ب‬‫کہ‬ ‫و‬‫ج‬ ‫ں‬‫ی‬‫ہ‬‫ی‬‫ون‬‫ہ‬ ‫ں‬‫زی‬‫ی‬‫ج‬‫کی‬ ‫طرح‬‫کی‬ ‫اگے‬‫ھ‬‫د‬‫ظ‬‫سے‬‫ں‬‫ی‬‫م‬ ‫وار‬‫دی‬‫کی‬ ‫ا‬‫ی‬‫ر‬‫ی‬‫ٹ‬‫ر‬‫اہ‬
‫ہ‬‫سے‬‫ہ‬‫وج‬ ‫کی‬ ‫ت‬‫ک‬‫ر‬‫ح‬ ‫کی‬ ‫اگوں‬‫ھ‬‫د‬‫ان‬ ‫ں‬‫ی‬‫ہ‬‫ی‬‫ون‬‫ہ‬ ‫ی‬‫ون‬‫ہ‬‫ی‬‫ر‬‫ک‬ ‫ت‬‫ک‬‫ر‬‫ح‬‫ا‬‫ی‬‫ر‬‫ی‬‫ٹ‬‫ک‬‫ی‬‫ب‬‫ی‬‫ا‬
‫اگ‬‫ھ‬‫د‬‫ک‬‫ی‬‫ار‬‫ی‬ ‫طرح‬‫کی‬ ‫الوں‬‫ی‬‫ا‬‫ی‬‫ر‬‫ی‬‫ٹ‬‫ک‬‫ی‬‫ب‬‫ض‬‫ع‬‫ن‬ ‫ے‬‫ہ‬‫کو‬ ‫ن‬‫ج‬‫ں‬‫ی‬‫ہ‬‫ے‬‫ت‬‫ھ‬‫ک‬‫ر‬‫سے‬ ‫ے‬pili
‫کو‬ ‫ان‬ ‫ں‬‫ی‬‫ہ‬ ‫ے‬‫ت‬‫ہ‬‫ک‬fimbria‫ب‬‫عے‬‫ن‬ ‫ذر‬‫کے‬‫اس‬ ‫ں‬‫ی‬‫ہ‬ ‫ے‬‫ت‬‫ہ‬‫ک‬ ‫ھی‬‫ب‬‫ے‬‫ت‬‫ب‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬‫ی‬‫ر‬‫ی‬‫ٹ‬‫ک‬‫ی‬
‫ک‬‫ز‬‫ی‬‫ج‬‫ھی‬‫ب‬‫سی‬‫ک‬ ‫ا‬‫ی‬‫ھ‬‫اب‬‫س‬‫کے‬‫دوشرے‬‫ک‬‫ی‬‫ا‬‫کو‬ ‫آپ‬‫ں‬‫ی‬‫ہ‬‫ے‬‫ت‬‫ی‬‫ل‬ ‫وڑ‬‫ج‬‫ھ‬‫اب‬‫س‬ ‫ے‬-
‫وں‬‫ی‬‫ب‬‫آ‬‫ں‬‫ی‬‫م‬‫ود‬‫موج‬‫ے‬‫ت‬‫ہ‬‫ر‬‫والے‬‫ض‬‫ع‬‫ن‬‫ا‬‫ی‬‫ر‬‫ی‬‫ٹ‬‫ک‬‫ی‬‫ب‬(Enterobacteria)
‫اص‬‫ج‬‫م‬‫س‬‫ق‬‫کی‬pili‫ے‬‫ت‬‫ھ‬‫ک‬‫ر‬‫ں‬‫ی‬‫ہ‬‫و‬‫ج‬DNA‫کو‬‫ا‬‫ی‬‫ر‬‫ی‬‫ٹ‬‫ک‬‫ی‬‫ب‬‫سے‬‫دوش‬‫رے‬‫ں‬‫ی‬‫م‬
‫ل‬‫ق‬‫ت‬‫ی‬‫م‬‫کر‬‫ے‬‫ت‬‫ک‬‫س‬‫ں‬‫ی‬‫ہ‬‫ان‬‫کو‬F-pili‫ے‬‫ت‬‫ہ‬‫ک‬‫ں‬‫ی‬‫ہ‬‫اس‬‫ل‬‫م‬‫ع‬‫کو‬
Conjugation‫ے‬‫ت‬‫ہ‬‫ک‬‫ں‬‫ی‬‫ہ‬‫ی‬‫ن‬‫ط‬‫طہ‬‫ق‬‫ن‬‫ر‬‫ظ‬‫ن‬‫سے‬‫ہ‬‫ن‬‫ن‬‫ت‬‫ہ‬‫م‬‫ہ‬‫ا‬‫ے‬‫ہ‬‫کہ‬
‫اس‬‫طرح‬‫ا‬‫ی‬‫ر‬‫ی‬‫ٹ‬‫ک‬‫ی‬‫ب‬‫ک‬‫ی‬‫ا‬‫سے‬‫دوشرے‬‫ی‬‫ر‬‫ی‬‫ٹ‬‫ک‬‫ی‬‫ب‬‫ا‬‫کو‬‫ی‬‫دوان‬‫کے‬‫الف‬‫ج‬‫ت‬‫غ‬‫ف‬‫ا‬‫د‬‫م‬
‫کے‬‫ل‬‫ی‬‫ا‬‫ق‬‫ے‬‫ان‬‫ی‬‫ب‬‫ں‬‫ی‬‫ہ‬‫ی‬‫ن‬‫ع‬‫ن‬‫ی‬‫دوان‬‫کے‬‫ے‬‫ت‬‫ل‬‫ک‬‫ی‬‫ب‬‫ا‬‫ی‬‫ر‬‫ی‬‫ٹ‬‫کی‬resistance
‫ڑھ‬‫پ‬‫ی‬‫ان‬‫ج‬‫ے‬‫ہ‬-
F-Pili‫ر‬‫پ‬‫ود‬‫موج‬‫صوص‬‫خ‬‫م‬‫صہ‬‫خ‬Receptor‫کے‬‫عے‬‫ن‬ ‫ذر‬‫س‬‫ر‬‫واپ‬‫اس‬‫ر‬‫پ‬
‫آ‬‫کر‬‫ھ‬‫ت‬‫ی‬‫پ‬‫ا‬‫ی‬‫ک‬‫س‬‫ے‬‫ہ‬‫اور‬‫ا‬‫س‬‫پ‬‫ا‬‫س‬‫ر‬‫واپ‬‫و‬‫ج‬‫کہ‬‫ک‬‫ی‬‫ب‬‫ا‬‫ی‬‫ر‬‫ی‬‫ٹ‬‫کو‬‫ان‬‫ص‬‫ق‬‫ن‬‫ا‬‫چ‬‫ن‬‫ہ‬‫ن‬‫ے‬‫ی‬‫ا‬‫اس‬
‫کے‬‫ر‬‫اوپ‬‫آ‬‫کر‬attach‫و‬‫ہ‬‫ے‬‫ان‬‫ج‬‫اسے‬bacteriophage‫ے‬‫ت‬‫ہ‬‫ک‬
‫ں‬‫ی‬‫ہ‬-
Microbiology lecture 2
Microbiology lecture 2

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Microbiology lecture 2