The document discusses parallels of latitude and meridians of longitude which form a grid system to locate places on a map. Parallels of latitude run east to west and are lines of the same distance north or south of the equator. Meridians of longitude run north to south and intersect at the poles, with the prime meridian passing through Greenwich, England defining the Eastern and Western hemispheres. This grid system is used to identify locations by their parallel and meridian coordinates.

3. The lines that
run sideways
(in the east-west
directions)
are called
parallels of
latitude.

4. The lines that run
from top
to bottom
(in the north-south
direction)
are called
meridians of
longitude.

7. GRID

8. PARALLELS OF LATITUDES
* The boundary lines of
imaginary circles drawn
around the earth.
* They run in the east-west
direction.

9. THE EQUATOR IS THE LONGEST PARALLEL

10. THE PARALLELS ARE
NUMBERED
* THE EQUATOR IS MARKED 0°
* THE NORTH POLE IS 90° N
* THE SOUTH POLE IS 90° S

11. FIVE IMPORTANT
PARALLELS OF
LATITUDE

13. THROUGH WHICH
STATES DOES IT
PASS?

15. MERIDIANS OF
LONGITUDE
* The curve of an
imaginary semicircle
that joins the two poles.
* They run in the north-
south direction.

16. The meridian
passing
through
Greenwich(in
England) is
taken as the
0° meridian or
prime
meridian.

18. * The half to the east of the
prime meridian is the
Eastern Hemisphere.
* And the half to the west is
the Western Hemisphere.

20. There is a time
difference
between places on
different
meridians because they
have sunrise and sunset
at different times.

21. Time is ahead in the places to the east.

22. Example:
Singapore is to
the east of India.
It is 2.5 hours
ahead of India.
When it is
8 a.m. in India, it
is 10:30 a.m. in
Singapore.

23. The countries in the Eastern Hemisphere have sunrise
before those in the Western Hemisphere.

25. Japan is one of the first countries to see the sun rise
and is called the Land of the Rising Sun.

27. The grid made by the parallels of latitude and the
meridians makes it easy to locate a place .

28. To locate a place on a
map, we need to know
the number of the
parallel (say, 23° N) and
the number of meridian
(say, 77° E) that lies
closest to it.