1. FIGURES OF SPEECH
-a word or phrase which is used for special effect, and which does not have its usual or literal meaning
Simile Irony
- consists of comparing two unlike things using the -says the opposite of what is meant
words as or like. [Ex. How nice of you to insult me.]
[Ex. My love is like a red, red rose.]
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Metaphor
-uses a direct comparison of two unlike things or Allusion
ideas. -refers to any literary, biblical, historical, mythological,
-the words as and like are not used scientific event, character or place.
[Ex. She is phantom of delight.] Examples
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Personification Judas.
-gives human traits to inanimate objects or ideas. o Be careful when accepting gift packages. They
[Ex. The wind whistled in my ears. might turn out to be Trojan Horse.
Here rests his head upon the lap of earth o Perhaps Poseidon was with them for the sea
A youth to Fortune and to Fame unknown was so calm when they had the cruise.
Fair science frowned not on his humble birth
And Melancholy marked him for her own.]
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Apostrophe Antithesis
-A direct address to someone absent, dead or -involves a contrast or words or ideas.
inanimate. opposition, or contrast of ideas or words in a balanced
[Ex. Oh rose! Thou art sick.] or parallel construction.
Examples:
[O, pardon me, thou bleeding piece of earth, o They promised freedom and provided slavery.
That I am meek and gentle with these butchers! o Not that I loved Caesar less, but that I loved
Thou art the ruins of the noblest man
Rome more.
That ever lived in the tide of times.
Woe to the hand that shed this costly blood!]
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Metonymy
Paradox
- It substitute a word that closely relates to a person or
-uses a phrase or a statement that on surface seems
thing.
contradictory that make some kind of emotional sense.
Examples:
Examples:
o The pen is mightier than a sword.
o Let us go to war of peace.
o Lend me your ear.
o The war was no bad after all.
o The power of the crown was mortally
o Parting is such a sweet sorrow.
weakened.
o Stone walls do not a prison make, nor iron bar
o I’m studying Shakespeare.
a cage.
o I would not give up freedom for a crown.
The captain abandoned the sword.
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Hyperbole Oxymoron
-makes use of exaggeration -puts together in one statement two contradictory terms.
Examples: Example:
o There is a garden on her face. Why, then, O brawling love! O loving hate!
o I am so hungry I could eat a horse. O anything, of nothing first create! O heavy lightness!
o I have a million things to do. serious vanity! Mis-shapen chaos of well-seeming
o I had to walk 15 miles to school in the forms! Feather of lead, bright smoke, cold fire, sick
snow,uphill. health! Still-waking sleep, that is not what it is!This love
feel I, that feel no love in this.