Ocular drug delivery aims to administer drugs to the eye, which can target either the anterior (front) or posterior (back) segments. Traditional eye drops lack bioavailability and patient compliance. Recent advances in ocular drug delivery include polymers, nanoparticles, liposomes, and ocular inserts. Glaucoma is a leading cause of blindness where intraocular pressure increases, damaging the optic nerve. Current glaucoma treatments include prostaglandins, beta-blockers, and carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. New areas of research are investigating sustained release inserts, dendrimers, travoprost extended release, gene therapy, and continuous monitoring devices to better treat glaucoma.

1. Oculardrugdelivery
presentedby
Mishra sheetkantha
pharmaceutics
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2. INTRODUCTION
• Ocular drug delivery is a system which involve the
administration of drug in the eye.
• Drug delivery to the eye can be broadly classified into
1) Anterior Segments.
2) Posterior segments.
• The unique structure of the eye restricts the entry of
drug molecules at the required site of action.
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3. Traditionally used eye drops formulations lacked good
bioavailability and had low patient compliance, hence
most investigations in this field emphasize on the
duration of action and enhancement of corneal
absorption.
Recent developments in ophthalmic drug delivery
systems include use of gelling polymers, prodrugs,
microspheres, nanoparticles, liposomes and hydrophilic
ocular inserts, non-aqueous vehicles are new areas of
interest in ophthalmic drug delivery.
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5. Approachestoimproveocularbioavailabilityare
Penetration Enhancers.
Liposomes.
Niosomes.
Nanosuspension.
Microemulsion.
Nanoparticles/nanospheres.
In situ-forming gel. 5

6. OPTHALMICDISORDERS
Periocular diseases:
• Conjuctivitis.
• Keratitis.
• Trachoma.
• Dry Eye.
Intraocular diseases:
• Glaucoma.
• Cataract.
• Macular Degeneration. 6

7. Glaucoma
 Progressive and Irreversible Disease.
 Leads to blindness.
 Deterioration of Optic Nerve.
 fluid accumulates in eye.
 Diameter of cornea changes.
 Asymptomatic.
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8. What Happens To EYE In Glaucoma
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9. CurrentGlaucomaMonitoringSystems:
 Measures static intraocular pressure
 Single Snapshots in Time
 taken during the day when pressure is lowest
 Monitoring in Overnight Sleep Labs
 cumbersome
 expensive
 Frequent Punctual Measurements
 affects intraocular pressure
 checks pressure peaks
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10. ClassofdrugsusedinGlaucoma
•Prostaglandins.
• Beta-blockers.
• Alpha-adrenergic agonists.
• Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors.
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11. NewAPPROVEDPREPRATION Glaucoma
Simbrinza :
Simbrinza is the first combination eye drop containing a carbonic
anhydrase inhibitor and an alpha2 agonist for the treatment of
glaucoma.
Taptiqom :
Taptiqom is a fixed-dose combination of the prostaglandin analogue
tafluprost and the beta-blocker timolol, for the treatment of
glaucoma.
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12. CurrentClinicalTrialsSTUDY
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Active ingredient Dosage form Target Indication Developmental
stage
Latanoprost Puctal plug Glaucoma P2
Bimatoprost Puctal plug Glaucoma P2
Latanoprost Subconjunctival
insert
Glaucoma P1

13. ONGOINGResearchworkonGlaucoma
 Rho kinase inhibitors :
 Rho kinase inhibitors, such as Ripasudil work by inhibition of the actin
cytoskeleton, resulting in the morphological changes in the trabecular
meshwork and increased aqueous outflow. More compounds in this class are
being investigated in phase 2 and phase 3 trials
 Dendrimers as tunable vectors of drug delivery systems and biomedical
and ocular applications:
• Dendrimers were examined for the putative use as ophthalmic vehicles for
ocular delivery of pilocarpine nitrate (cholinomimetic). It was observed that
the use of dendrimers with carboxylic or hydroxyl surface groups as drug
carriers increased the bioavailability of pilocarpine nitrate in eyes of albino
rabbits and the time of drug residence .
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14. DESIGN OF OCULAR CONTROLLED RELEASE OCUSERTS OF
BRINZOLAMIDE:
 Ocuserts were formulated using various polymers and plasticizers by film
casting technique.
ENV515 Travoprost Extended Release (XR) in Patients With Open
Angle Glaucoma:
• Envisia Therapeutics Releases ENV515 (travoprost XR) Phase 2 Data
Showing Nine-Month Duration Of Action After A Single Dose in Patients
with Glaucoma showing clinically meaningful reduction in intraocular
pressure.
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15.  Ocular Inserts for Sustained Release of the Angiotensin-Converting
Enzyme 2 Activator, Diminazene Aceturate, to Treat Glaucoma.
• In view of the fact that activation of endogenous ACE2 is a potential strategy
to develop new anti glaucomatous agents, a non-implantable drug delivery
device made of chitosan .
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16. Gene Therapy For Glaucoma
• A gene therapy approach in which a mutated gene is replaced or
inactivated, or in which a new gene is introduced, could provide a novel
and more effective way of targeting the disease
• Both viral and non viral vector gene delivery systems have been used to
target specific tissues involved in the pathogenesis of glaucoma. These
tissues include the trabecular meshwork, ciliary body, ciliary epithelium.
• Given recent laboratory studies utilizing gene therapy techniques to
lower intraocular pressure and to provide neuroprotection, and the
continued development of tissue-specific vectors, it seems that we are
well poised for a new generation of treatments for glaucoma.
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Marketed products

18. ADVANCED SYSTEMS :
1. Punctal plugs are placed in the tear duct (punctum) to
release a variety of drugs.
2. Currently targeting the treatment of glaucoma and ocular
hypertension .
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20. DesignofReplenishMiniPump
1. Micro-electromechanical system that delivers continuous or
bolus-targeted drugs to both the anterior and posterior
segments.
2. Refillable drug reservoir (via 31 gauge needle) that is capable
of storing and delivering up to 12 months.
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22. TriggerfishSystem
 Created by SENSIMED.
 First of its Kind on the market constant reading device.
 Safety Approval in Europe last year.
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23. BenefitsofTriggerfishSystem
• Improved Understanding of Pressure Change
• pressure during day versus night
• More Efficient
• Personalized Drug Delivery and Treatment
• Adapt Treatment
• dependent on changing conditions
• Sensor is Placed Outside of Vision Field
• Early Diagnosis and Treatment
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24. Conclusion
A considerable amount of research has been carried
out on the development of ocular drug delivery
systems.
 It is appreciated that the topical route is preferred
for delivery of drugs to the eye.
 The primary objective of all the ocular drug
delivery systems developed till date is to increase
ocular drug residence time which leads to
improvement in ocular drug bioavailability, diminish
side effects for a therapeutic response in the eye
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27. • Tarek Shaarawy , Shibal Bhartiya, Recent Advances in the Treatment of
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“Sight is the sense which is more valuable
than all the rest.” So Take care of Eyes!!!

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QUERIES…..

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