Productivity measures the relationship between inputs and outputs of a production process. It can be measured partially for individual inputs like labor, materials, and capital, or multifactor productivity which considers total inputs and outputs. Order qualifiers are basic requirements that allow a customer to consider a product, like quality or reliability. Order winners are distinguishing factors that influence a customer's purchase decision over competitors, such as price, speed of delivery, or brand reputation. Firms must meet order qualifiers to be eligible for consideration and should focus on excelling in order winners to gain competitive advantage and sustain their position in the market. Balancing order qualifiers and winners like quality versus cost requires careful strategic decision making.

2. Order Winner & Qualifier

4. Partial Productivity = Output / Labor , Output / Material , Output /Capital