Active Voice

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1. The active voice is when the subject performs the action of the sentence, while the passive voice is when the subject receives the action. 2. Active verbs convey more action and interest than passive verbs. 3. In general, the active voice is stronger, more direct, and clearer than the passive voice, though passive can be used effectively in some cases.

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],The Active Voice

What is the active voice? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

What is an active verb? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Active verbs just naturally go with writing that is in the active voice . ,[object Object]

The active voice is generally stronger. ,[object Object],[object Object]

Advantages of active voice: ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Compare passages in the active and passive voices to see for yourself which is more effective. ,[object Object],[object Object]

Should you ever use passive voice? Yes. ,[object Object],[object Object]

The passive voice is useful: ,[object Object]

Good writers use both voices. ,[object Object],[object Object]

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

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Use of Passive Passive voice is used when the focus is on the action. It is not important or not known, however, who or what is performing the action. Example: My bike was stolen. In the example above, the focus is on the fact that my bike was stolen. I do not know, however, who did it. Sometimes a statement in passive is more polite than active voice, as the following example shows: Example: A mistake was made. In this case, I focus on the fact that a mistake was made, but I do not blame anyone (e.g. You have made a mistake.).

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From Writing in the Works (7th ed.) By Susan Blau and Kathryn Burak Ten Tips for a Clear Writing Style 1. CUT CLUTTER Use clear language to help your reader understand your thinking. Wordy language only clutters what you are trying to say. WORDY: The students who won the prizes will meet the judges at the conference on the day when they hold the dinner to commemorate their work. CLEAR: The prize-winning students will meet the judges at the conference’s commemorative dinner. 2. AVOID REDUNDANCY Be aware of the meanings of words you select. Be careful not to use adjectives or adverbs that repeat or take away from the meaning of the words they describe. EXAMPLES OF REDUNDANCY: Very unique Tall skyscraper Refer back End result Repeat again Cooperate together Free complimentary dinner Basic fundamentals Smiled happily 3. LIMIT QUALIFIERS Qualifiers (such as adjectives and adverbs) limit or modify other words, and they also add color and texture to writing. However, some qualifiers – such as many, somewhat, very, relatively, and rather – do the opposite; they make writing dull. EXAMPLE: The constant use of the adjective little (except to indicate size) is particularly debilitating; we should all try to do a little better, we should all be very watchful of this rule, for it is a rather important one, and we are pretty sure to violate it now and then. – E.B. White, The Elements of Style What qualifiers are unnecessary in the above sentence? 4. CUT IT IS AND THERE ARE FROM YOUR WRITING Try to avoid beginning sentences with It is or There are. These are unnecessary expressions that prevent your reader from getting to the point of the sentence. ORIGINAL: There are two cats sleeping in the bay window. REWRITE: Two cats sleep in the bay window. 5. USE YOUR NATURAL VOCABULARY Sometimes writers are tempted to pump some air into flabby prose by inflating their language. Almost always, the result sounds awkward, unnatural, even confusing. When you use your natural vocabulary, words that have meaning and nuance for you, you can communicate more precisely, more clearly, and with more authority. PUMPED UP: The deleterious result of prolixity in writing results in obfuscatory textual material. NATURAL: Wordiness results in confusing writing. 6. LIMIT JARGON Jargon is used by many professionals who speak to each other in a kind of specialized language. It is tempting to try out “insider” language, but try to avoid that temptation. 7. AVOID EUPHEMISM Euphemism is language that covers up the truth – either out of prudery (using powder room instead of bathroom or bathroom instead of toilet), sensitivity (using passed on instead of died), or the desire to sound more respectful or elevated (using waste disposal personnel instead of garbage collectors). Euphemisms can make your writing sound wordy and pretentious. 8. USE THE ACTIVE VOICE (Most of the Time) A sentence is in the active or passive voice depending ...

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