Wheel alignment, also called steering geometry, ensures a vehicle's wheels are properly positioned for directional stability, smooth rolling, and safe recovery after turns. It involves adjusting the caster angle, camber, king pin inclination, toe-in and toe-out. A positive caster angle of about 30 improves stability and reduces tire wear, while negative caster has poor stability. Camber is the tilt of wheels from vertical, with positive camber tilting outward at the top. Toe-in and toe-out refer to the front wheels pointing inward or outward when viewed from the top.

1. STEERING GEOMETRY
(OR )
WHEEL ALIGNMENT

2. ADVANTAGES OF WHEEL ALIGNMENT
• Directional stability during straight ahead
position.
• Perfect rolling condition on steering.
• Recovery after completing the turn.

3. CONTENTS
• CASTER
• CAMBER
• KING PIN INCLINATION
• TOE-IN
• TOE-OUT

4. CASTER ANGLE
Amount:- About 30 of castor give good results
SIDE VIEW

5. CASTER
SIDE VIEW

6. EFFECTS
• The positive castor increases the directional
stability and straight line tracking's also improved.
• In negative castor the directional stability is poor
and unstable. it causes wheel shimming and wear
of front tyres.

7. CAMBER
• DEFINITION
• Camber is the tilt of the car wheels from
the vertical.
• Camber is positive if the tilt is outward at
the top.
• Camber is also called as “Wheel rake”.
FRONT VIEW

9. FRONT VIEW

11. Toe-in & Toe-out
TOP VIEW