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Study of Large Scale Grid interactive Solar PV power plant
1. Prof. R. S. Hosmath
Assistant Professor
Dept. of Mechanical Engg.
B.V.B College of Engg. and Tech.,
Hubballi
Dr. H. Naganagouda
Director,
National Training Centre for Solar Technology,
Karnataka Power Corporation Limited,
Bangalore
Presented by
SHAHBAZ MAKANDAR A
(2BV13MES11)
M.Tech.
Energy Systems Engineering
Project Title
Studies on Grid connected 3MW Solar PV Power Plant
Karnataka Power Corporation Ltd.
Under the Guidance of
K.L.E. Society’s
B. V. Bhoomaraddi College of Engg. & Technology
Vidyanagar, Hubli 580031
(NBAACCREDITED & AUTONOMOUS INSTITUTION WITH ISO 9001-2008 CERTIFICATION)
2. Contents
Introduction
Statement of the Problem
Objectives
Literature Review
Site details of the SPV plant
Simulation studies of SPV power plant
Results and Discussions
Conclusions
Scope for Future work
References Energy Systems Engineering 2
3. Introduction
Details of PV Systems
Major components of PV systems
Fabrication of PV cells and Working Principle
PV Power Generation
Grid-connected without storage
Energy Systems Engineering 3
4. Fig 1. Major PV system Components (KPCL record)
Energy Systems Engineering 4
5. Fig 2. Solar Cells Working Principle (KPCL record)
Energy Systems Engineering 5
8. Objectives
To simulate the climatological parameters like solar insolation, wind
speed and atmospheric temperature on “METEONORM” open-source
platform.
To simulate the detailed operation of a solar PV based plant on
“PVSYST” platform to analyze component level performance along
with overall plant operation
To simulate site parameters for installation of SPV system using
“HELIOSCOPE” tool.
Experimental observation of the system behavior of the 3MW SPV
power plant through “SCADA” based system to investigate its
performance characteristics.
To compare the Simulation and Experimental data to draw feasibility
factors for future upgradation of existing SPV power plant
Energy Systems Engineering 8
9. Literature Review
Performance Evaluation of SPV Plant
Solar Insolation availability
SPV system Simulation Software
SPV Technology
Energy Systems Engineering 9
10. Site details of the SPV Plant
Basic information of Solar PV Plant
Site details
Experimental procedure for Performance Study
Energy Systems Engineering 10
11. Fig 4. Block Diagram of the PV Plant [18]Energy Systems Engineering 11
12. Height above sea level 882m
Ambient Air
Temperature
Maximum: 40oC
Minimum: 18oC
Relative Humidity
Maximum: 99.1% (during
monsoon)
Minimum: 18.3%
Rainfall Annual average: 1549 mm
Period: 4 months
Table 1: Technical data of Solar PV [18]
Energy Systems Engineering 12
13. Place of Installation
Near Yalesandra Village, Kolar, Karnataka,
India
Latitude & Longitude of the place 120 53’ & 780 09’
Allotted Land Area 15 acres (10.3 acres effectively used)
Nominal Capacity of the PV Plant 3 MW
Date of Commission 27th December 2009
Owner
Karnataka Power Corporation Limited
(KPCL)
Installed by (Contractor) Titan Energy Systems Ltd. , Secunderabad
Modules Titan S6-60 series
SCADA for diagnosing and
monitoring
Yes
PCU (Inverters) 250 kW (12 Nos)
HT Transformer and switchgear for
evacuation
1.25 MVA for each MW
Table 2: General description of Yalesandra PV Plant [18]
Energy Systems Engineering 13
14. Two type of S6 - 60 series
modules are used
225 Wp & 240 Wp
Total number of modules 13,368 [10,152 - 225 Wp;3216 – 240 Wp]
Solar Cell material Mono-Crystalline Silicon
1 Array 24 Modules
No. of Arrays per Inverter(250
kW)
45-46 (Total 557 Arrays with 12 Inverters)
Arrays per MW
1st MW installation– 181
2nd & 3rd MW installations – 188
Total installed Solar Cells area 5.4 acre
Inclination of Modules 15o with horizontal
Table 3: Technical data of Solar PV [18]
Energy Systems Engineering 14
15. Type S6-60 series
Maximum Power, Pmp (W) 225 240
Maximum Power Voltage
(Vmp)
28.63 V 28.63 V
Maximum Power Current
(Imp)
7.93 A 8.12A
Open Circuit Voltage (Voc) 37.50 V 37.62V
Short Circuit Current (Isc) 8.52 A 8.55A
Module dimensions (mm) 1657 x 987 x 42
No., type and arrangement
of cells
60, Mono-Crystalline, 6 x 10
Matrix
Cell Size (mm) 156 x 156
NOCT, °C 45
Weight (Kg) 19
Glass Type and Thickness
3.2mm Thick, Low iron,
Tempered
Table 4: Module Specifications [18]
Fig 5. High efficiency PV module [24]
Energy Systems Engineering
16. Type
6 x 4 Module Array
(24 modules per Structure)
Material Mild Steel
Overall dimensions (mm) 6780x 6030
Coating Galvanized
Wind rating 160 km per hour
Tilt angle 15°
Foundation PCC
Fixing type Nut Bolts
Table 5: Array mounting structure at the plant [18]
Energy Systems Engineering 16
17. Fig 6: Typical SCADA System [19]
Energy Systems Engineering 17
18. Fig 7: Block Diagram of SPV Plant (KPCL record)
Energy Systems Engineering 18
19. Experimental Performance study
Key performance indicators
Performance Ratio
Radiation at the Site
Array Conversion Efficiency
Inverter Efficiency
Energy Generated
Energy Systems Engineering 19
22. Simulation Studies of SPV power plant
METEONORM
PVSYST
HELIOSCOPE
Energy Systems Engineering 22
23. Fig 8: METEONORM simulation result of SPV plant [23]
Energy Systems Engineering
23
24. Fig 9: PVSYST simulation result of SPV plant [22]
Energy Systems Engineering 24
25. Fig. 10 : Helioscope simulation result of SPV plant [21]
Energy Systems Engineering
25
26. Results and Discussions
Fig 11. Month-wise Performance Ratio
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
PerformanceRatio(PR)
Duration, month
Energy Systems Engineering 26
27. 0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
1 5 9 13 17 21 25 29
July June August September
Duration, Day
Efficiency%
Fig 12. Array Conversion Efficiency for Rainy Season
Energy Systems Engineering 27
28. Fig 13. Array Conversion Efficiency for Winter Season
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
1 5 9 13 17 21 25 29
October November December January
Efficiency%
Duration, Day
Energy Systems Engineering 28
29. Fig 14. Array Conversion Efficiency for Summer Season
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
1 5 9 13 17 21 25 29
February March April MAY
Duration, Day
Efficiency%
Energy Systems Engineering 29
31. 94
95
96
97
98
99
100
1 5 9 13 17 21 25 29
April March February May
Duration, Day
Efficiency%
Fig 15. Daily basis PCU Efficiency for Summer SeasonEnergy Systems Engineering 31
32. 94
95
96
97
98
99
100
1 5 9 13 17 21 25 29
June July August September
Duration, Day
Efficiency%
Fig 16.Daily basis PCU Efficiency for Rainy SeasonEnergy Systems Engineering 32
33. 0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
06:00 08:10 10:30 12:50 15:10 17:30
July August September Avg Module Temperature
Duration, Time
EnergygenerationinkWh
ModuleTemperature(°C)
Fig 17. Monthly average Power, Module Temperature Vs Time in Rainy SeasonEnergy Systems Engineering 33
36. 0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
14000
1 5 9 13 17 21 25 29
Mono-crystalline Gen in kWh Poly-crystalline Gen in kWh
Solar radiation W/(sq.m)
SolarRadiationW/(sq.m)
EnergyGenerationinkWh
Duration, Days
Fig 20. Comparison of Mono and Poly-Crystalline panel of total energy GenerationEnergy Systems Engineering 36
37. 100
120
140
160
180
200
220
240
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Calculated Value Measured Value
Duration, Month
HourlySumIrradiance(W/m²perhr)
Fig 21. Comparison of Calculated and Measured values of Hourly Sum Irradiance (2014-15)Energy Systems Engineering 37
38. 200
250
300
350
400
450
500
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Calculated Value Measured Value
Duration, Months
GenerationinKWh
Fig 22. Comparison of Calculated and Measured values of Generation (2014-15)Energy Systems Engineering 38
39. 0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
4.5
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Calculated Value Measured Value
Duration, Months.
WindSpeedinm/s
Fig 23. Comparison of Calculated and Measured values of Wind Speed (2014-15)Energy Systems Engineering 39
40. 10
15
20
25
30
35
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Duration, Months
AirTemperature(°C)
Fig 24. Comparison of Calculated and Measured values of Air Temperature (2014-15)Energy Systems Engineering 40
41. Conclusions
The following conclusions are reported based on simulation and experimental studies,
• The experimental observation of the 3MW SPV plant during Mar 2014 to Feb 2015
indicated performance ratio to have varied between 58% to 87%.
• The Array conversion efficiency of the PV panel was observed to be varying between 9%
to 15% depending upon climatic conditions at the site.
• The PCU efficiency was observed to be close to 96% but lower than the rated value of
98% as per the manufacturer specifications.
• The rated capacity of SPV solar power plant was 3MWp, but the observed peak power
at the location is limited between 2.6-2.7 MW during the observation period.
• The simulation tools used in the reported work that included METEONORM,
HELIOSCOPE and PVSYST provided an efficient Graphical User Interface making it user
friendly.
• The power generation depended on solar irradiance, module temperature and also
some extent on wind flow. Increase in irradiance increased module temperature and
generation.
• Using statistical methods consisting of Mean Bias error, Root mean square error and
Mean percentage error shows result after comparison all values shows positive results
means they overestimated in result.
Energy Systems Engineering 41
42. Scope for Future Work
• Studies on Earth-tester to measure leakage current and
isolation resistance of generator
• Studies on thermal imaging to detect abnormal heating in
solar modules, DC junction Boxes and Inverters.
• Studies on power quality analyzer or digital wattmeter can
be taken up to measure accurate power at Inverter side.
Energy Systems Engineering 42
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studies and applications in Saudi Arabia, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 15 (2011) 5021–
5050
2. Mohamed A. Eltawil and Zheng Ming Zhao, Grid-connected PV power systems: Technical and potential
problems - A review, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 14, (2010), pp. 112-129.
3. Bharathkumar M., ByregowdaH. V., Performance Evaluation of 5MW Grid connected Solar PV Power Plant
Established in Karanataka, International Journal of Innovative Research in Science, Engineering and
Technology (An ISO 3297: 2007 Certified Organization) Vol. 3, Issue 6, June 2014
4. HemakshiBhoye and Gaurang Sharma, An analysis of One MW PV solar power plant design, International
Journal of Advanced Research in Electrical, Electronics and Instrumentation Engineering (An ISO 3297:
2007 Certified Organization)Vol. 3, Issue 1, January 2014
5. Jasmina Radosavljevic, Amelija Dordevic, Defining of the Intensity of Solar Radiation on Horizontal and
Oblique Surfaces on Earth, Series: Working and Living Environmental Protection Vol. 2, 2001, pp. 77 – 86
6. K. S. Sidhu, Non- Conventional Energy Resources, 2005, http://indiacore.com/ bulletin/ kssidhu-non-
conventional-energy-resources.pdf
7. Yang Hong xing, Li Yutong, Potential of building-integrated PV applications, International Journal of Low
Carbon Technologies 2/3,11th August 2015, http://ijlct.oxfordjournals.org/
8. G. Lopez, F.J. Batlles, J. Tovar-Pescador, Selection of input parameters to model direct solar irradiance by
using artificial neural networks, Energy 30 (2005), pp.1675–1684
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components of solar radiation and their application in crop growth models, Climate Research, Vol. 2:
9thJuly 2006 , pp. 47-54,
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solar power plants, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 15 (2011) 3261– 3270
44. 11. BhubaneswariParida, S. Iniyan, RankoGoic, A review of solar PV technologies, Renewable and
Sustainable Energy Reviews 15 (2011) 1625–1636
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Environmental Foundations, ISSN 2076-2895(print) ISSN 2076-2909 (online), 2010
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the firstPV grid-connected power plant in Morocco, Senior Associate of the Abdus Salam ICTP),
2007, abdelbar@fsr.ac.ma
14. P. W. Suckling ,J.E. Hay, Modelling Direct, Diffuse, and Total Solar Radiation for Cloudless Days,
Manuscript received 14 June 1976; in revised form 1 October 19761
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Terrain, Water Resources Research, Vol. 16, no. 4, August 1980, Pages 709-718
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system in Columbia, Prof of Science Direct Renewable Energy 33 (2008) 2475-2484
18. K. Jairaj, Energy scenario in Karnataka, power point presentation, Energy Dept., Govt. of
Karnataka, Divecha Centre for Climate Change, report IISC-DCCC 11 RE, 1 August 2011
(http://www.mnre.gov.in/solar-conclave2010.htm).
19. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SCADA
20. http://karnatakapower.com/portfolio/yelesandra-solar-pv-plant-kolar-dist
21. https://helioscope.folsomlabs.com
22. http://files.pvsyst.com/help
23. http://meteonorm.com/images/uploads/downloads/flyer_meteonorm_7.pdf
24. http://www.titan-energy.com/datasheets/TITAN-S6-60-2BB.pdf
Energy Systems Engineering 44