2. INTRODUCTION
The practice of instructing people
and communities in the principles of
hygiene and in ways of avoiding
disease is a very ancient one.
An elementary study of the history of
medicine reveals that since time
immemorial it has been considered a
necessity to instruct communities in health
matters for their protection and survival.
3. DEFINITIONS
The National Conference on Preventive
Medicine [USA]
Health education is a process which informs,
motivate and helps people to adopt and maintain
healthy practices and life styles; advocates
environmental changes as needed to facilitate
this goal and conducts professional training and
research to the same end.
4. WHO Definition
Health education, like general education,
is concerned with changes in knowledge,
feelings and behaviour of people.In its
most usual forms, it concentrates on
devoloping such health practices as are
believed to bring about the best possible
state of well being.
5. AIMS OF HEALTH EDUCATION
To inform the general public of the principles of
physical and mental hygiene and methods of
preventing avoidable diseases.
To create an informed body of opinion and
knowledge. (social workers, teachers)
To give the public accurate information of
medical discoveries.
To facilitate the acceptance and proper usage of
medical measures.
6. METHODS OF APPROACHES IN
HEALTH EDUCATION
1. Legal or Regulatory Approach
3. Administrative or Service Approach
5. Educational Approach
7. Legal or Regulatory Approach
Makes use of the law to protect the health
of the public.
Eg : Epidemic Diseases Act , Pollution Act
Limitations :
1. applicable only at certain times or
limited situations.
2. they may not alter the behaviour of the
individual.
8. Administrative or Service Approach
Intends to provide all the health facilities
needed by the people
‘felt needs of people’
9. Educatinal Approach
most effective
Components :
1. motivation
2. communication
3. decision making
• results slow , but permanent and enduring.
• Suffient time for an individual to bring about changes
• information asfacts as well as unlearning wrong
learning new
well.
10. CONTENTS OF HEALTH
EDUCATION
1. Human Biology
2. Nutrition
3. Hygiene
4. Family Health Care
5. Control of Communicable and Non-
Communicable Diseases
6. Mental health
7. Prevention of Accidents
8. Use of Health Services
12. Nutrition
for prevention of malnutrition
Taught nutrient value of food stufs
Method of preparation , storage
Help people to choose balanced diet
14. Family Health Care
Strengthen and improve the health of the
family as a unit rather than as an
individual.
Maternal and child health care, family
planning, immunization, nutrition, etc.
15. Control of Communicable and Non-
Communicable diseases
Provide elementary knowledge about the
nature of the diseases and methods of
preventing them.
16. Mental Health
Depression, neurosis, mental anxiety and
emotional disturbances
Basic knowledge of common
psychological ailments, its detectio,
methods of prevention and treatment.
18. Use of Health services
People should be informed about various
health services and preventive
programmes available to them.
19. STAGES IN ADOPTION OF NEW
IDEAS AND PRACTICES
STAGE OF UNAWARENESS STAGE OF AWARENESS
Not aware of new idea or practice Gets some information but not
know much
STAGE OF EVALUATION STAGE OF INTEREST
Find out advantages & Shows interest to know more
disadvantages Listen, read
STAGE OF ADOPTION
STAGE OF TRIAL
Accepts new idea as beneficial
Puts it into practice
to him & adopts it
20. PRINCIPLES OF HEALTH
EDUCATION
INTEREST
PARTICIPATION
COMPREHENSION
MOTIVATION
REINFORCEMENT
KNOWN TO UNKNOWN
LEARNING BY DOING
SOIL, SEED & SOWER
COMMUNITY LEADERS
GOOD HEALTH RELATIONS
21. Interest
Topic of interest
Identify the ”felt needs” of the people
Then prepare a programme
22. Participation
Educator should encourage people to
participate in health education
programmes
Group discussions, panel discussions, etc
provide oppurtunities for people’s
participation
Leads to acceptance
23. Known to Unknown
Start with what the people already know
and then give the new knowledge
Existing knowledge as people as the basic
step
24. Comprehension
Determine the level of literacy and
understanding of audience.
Language of communication,
understandable to audience
Usage of technical or medical terms
should be avoided.
25. Reinforcement
Also called as “booster dose”
Refers to repetition needed
When not possible for people to learn new
things in short time
26. Motivation
Defined as “the fundamental desire for learning
in an individual”
2 types :
primary motive inborn desires
food, clothing, housing
secondary motive outside forces
gifts, a word of praise,
love, rewards
27. Learning by Doing
Learning process accompanied by doing
the new things.
Based on famous Chinese proverb “if I
hear, I forget ; if I see, I remember ; if I do,
I know.
28. Soil, Seed & Sower
Soil people to whom education is given
Seeds Health facts to be given
Sower media to transmit the facts
All components are interdependent and
result in dynamic interaction.
29. Good Human Relations
health educator should have good
personal qualities
Should be able to maintain friendly
relations with people
Should have a kind nad sympathetic
attitude
30. Community leaders
Leaders can be used to reach people of
the community and to convince them
about the need for health education.
31. HINDRANCES OR BARRIERS IN
PROCESS OF COMMUNICATION
Psychological barriers
emotional disturbances
depression
neurosis
Physiological barriers
difficulties in self-expression
difficulties in hearing or seeing
difficulties in understanding
32. HINDRANCES…
Environmental barriers
excessive noise
difficulties in vision
congested areas
Cultural barriers
persistent patterns of behaviour, habits,
beliefs, customs, attitudes, religion, etc
33. EDUCATIONAL AIDS USED IN
HEALTH EDUCATION
1. Audio aids
2. Visual aids
3. Combination of Audio-Visual aids
34. Audio Aids
Based on principles of sound, electricity and
magnetism
megaphones
public addressing systems or
microphones
Gramophone records
Tape recorders
Radios
Sound amplifiers
35. Visual Aids
Based on principles of projection
Projected aids – needs projection from a
source on to a screen
films or cinemas
film strips
slides
overhead projectors
epidiascopes
transparencies
bioscopes
video cassettes
silent films
36. Non-projected Aids – do not require
projection
blackboard
pictures
cartoons
photographs
posters
flashcards
charts
brochures
models
Other aids – traditional media which makes use of light and sound stimuli
Folk dances and Folk songs
Puppet shows
Dramas
37. Combination of Audio-Visual Aids
Modern media available
Sound & sight combined together to
create a better presentation
televisions
tape and slide combinations
Video Cassette Players and Recorders
Motivation pictures or Cinemas
Multimedia Computers
38. HEALTH EDUCATION FOR THE
GENERAL PUBLIC
Mass communication literally means
communication that is given to a community
where the people gathered together does not
belong to one particular group.
Advantages
large no. of people can be reached
people of all socio-economic status
irrespective of their caste, creed and religion
Medias
televisions, radios, posters, news papers, etc
39. ESSENTIALS OF HEALTH
EDUCATON TO THE PUBLIC
1. Accuracy and Truth
3. Presentation must be simple
5. Health education should be factual
7. Principles of health should be taught
40. CONCLUSION
In a field such as health, it is natural that
“helping people to help themselves”
should be as important as direct service.