modern Architecture

1. Jordan University of Science and Technology
College of Architecture and Design / Department of Architecture
Arch. 331 Modern Architecture
Instructor: Dr. Raed Al Tal
Summer 2012
The City of Chandigarh

2. "The Functional City," which broadened CIAM's scope
from architecture into urban planning
Based on an analysis of thirty-three cities, CIAM proposed
that the social problems faced by cities could be
resolved by strict functional segregation, and the
distribution of the population into tall apartment blocks
at widely spaced intervals.
These proceedings went unpublished from 1933 until 1942,
when Le Corbusier, acting alone, published them in heavily
edited form as the "Athens Charter."

3. At the time, the CIAM charter was designed to free
cities of the post-Industrial Revolution overcrowding
and inhuman conditions which had characterised
many European and American cities of the late 18th
and early 19th centuries.
The CIAM city called for:
1- ample space,
2- light and green areas,
3- and stressed on the need to lead a dignified
human existence.
*the cities that appeared after este3mar, wanted to establish their own architectural identity (national
identity).

4. The City of Chandigarh
Chandigarh was planned by Le Corbusier With the help of his cousin
Pierre Jeanneret, and that of the English couple Maxwell Fry and Jane
Drew as a CIAM (Congrès International d’Architecture Moderne) city.
It was built in 1953 and serves as the capital of two states, i.e. Punjab
and Haryana
In brief, the CIAM city divided human functions into work, living,
ciruclation and leisure, and the city in its strict zoning of functions was to
reflect this division of human life into cycles.
*chantey cities – people’s density – lots of people living on the same spot –
anti hygiene
Chandigarh is important because it reflected CIAM’s principles.
It was an empty piece of land
When this kind of cities was built, people either accepted or rejected living in
them – segregation, separation, displacement.

5. Chandigarh responded well to the needs of a new
capital city of modern India and dovetailed neatly
with the founding principles liberty and equality of
the new republic.
Called The City Beautiful serves as a capital of two states
Chandigarh answered to two agendas:
CIAM on the one hand
and the new India on the other, and was supposed
to represent the best of both.

6. Designed for a population of 500,000, Chandigarh
today is the cultural, commercial, administrative
and educational centre of north India, second in
importance only after Delhi.
*new world – post independence – reflects modernity, equality,
liberty.
*public spaces reduced social hierarchy (tabaqeye)

8. over-scaled spaces

9. Corbusier divided the city into units called "sectors", each
representing a theoretically self-sufficient entity with space
for living, working and leisure
The sectors were linked to each other by a road and path
network developed along the line of the 7 Vs, or a hierarchy
of seven types of circulation patterns. At the highest point in
this network was the V1, the highways connecting the city
to others, and at the lowest were the V7s, the streets
leading to individual houses. Later a V8 was added: cycle
and pedestrian paths.
*V1 – highway, outside the city, connects two cities.
V2 – ring road around the city
V3 – main streets, throughways
V7 – neighborhood streets, next to houses & parking
V8 – for bicycles – Lucio Costa
Divided into blocks – grid Iron system, regularity, setbacks

15. The Open Hand Chandigarh’s Emblem
"Open to give, open to receive".

17. *Le Corbusier designed every
part of the city even the
sculptures.
He mixed modern with
traditional design, he mixed
his designs with historical
heritage to give india their
national identity.

18. Palace of Assembly, Chandigarh, India.

21. Legislative Assembly building

23. *water surfaces existed in the indian / hindu mythology – many of their buildings
were floating over water
The arches were taken from bulls.

28. Palace of Justice, Chandigarh

30. CAT BUILDING, CHANDIGARH

31. high court, chandigarh