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August 2012 | Issue 3
                                                              OpEx                    Review
                                                                                                                   A TBM
                                                                                                                   Consulting Group
                                                                                                                   Publication




  Pactiv’s Perfect Engine:
  Turning Improved Productivity
  into Cash and Growth
Pactiv’s CI journey is      Many lean companies               Far from running out of          “The company went from
                            describe their continuous         steam, Pactiv’s 12,000           being capital-oriented
less like the colloquial,
                            improvement efforts as long,      employees get stronger as the    to being working-capital
ambling lean journey        purposeful journeys down          race continues. From 2007        oriented — it’s gone from
and more like a cross-      a never-ending road. This         to 2011, the company grew        worrying about productivity
country relay race with     hasn’t been the case at food-     revenues by more than $1.6       to worrying about cash,”
no finish line.             packaging giant Pactiv. Since     billion through acquisitions     said TBM Consultant, Glenn
                            its first kaizen event in the     funded by freed up cash. In      Kubisiak, who worked at
                            food service segment in April     2010 alone, employees at         one of Pactiv’s Hefty plants
                            2007, Pactiv has pursued          Pactiv’s 55 sites collectively   in 2007 and 2008. “That’s a
                            a CI strategy more like a         freed up $250 million in cash    whole different attitude as far
                            cross-country relay race with     and drew the attention of        as running the company.”
                            no finish line: Train, stick to   Auckland private-investment
                            the path, execute the crucial     company, Rank Group,
                            hand-offs, and if the weather     which purchased it in 2011.              (continued on page 4)
                            changes suddenly—don’t get
                            distracted—keep moving and
                            push harder than you think               ALSO IN THIS ISSUE:
                            you can.
                                                                 2| Leadership: Seaman Co-President John Crum
                            “I ask for 130 percent of
                                                                 6| Maintenance: A TPM system approach
                            goal,” says Greg Noethlich,
                            formerly Pactiv’s VP of              8| Case Study: Quality improvement for medical implants
                            Operations and now President        10| Strategy: Beyond operational excellence at Apple
                            of Prestone, a sister company.
   www.tbmcg.com
Leading Thoughts                                                   Leadership Insights – Q&A

                                             OpEx    Review        2012 Perfect Engine
                                         August 2012 | Issue 3
                                                                   Award Co-Winner:
                       Alignment Feeds Pactiv’s Success
                       When I made my first visit to Pactiv
                                                                   Seaman Corporation
                       in 2006, it was made clear to me
                                                                   Seaman Co-President John Crum shares
                       that this would be the company’s last
                       attempt to make lean work. They had         his insights on the coated fabric company’s
                       tried two other times, and TBM would        ongoing pursuit of operational excellence.
                       have the last at bat.
                       Fortunately, we became a team, and          After six years, how ingrained is Seaman’s
                       together we hit a home run.                 LeanSigma® program?
Today, Pactiv is applying operational excellence across the        Participation is driven from the top to the bottom.
enterprise to improve profitability, asset utilization, supplier   Approximately 90% of our associates participate in
performance, and to successfully integrate new products into       LeanSigma events, including the senior management.
its manufacturing processes.
                                                                   It’s all about leading by example. Our owner and
The organization continuously achieves best-in-class               CEO, Dick Seaman, constantly reminds our associates
performance because of this effort. Pactiv’s results include:      of the gains that we’ve made and that this is an
• 38 percent EBITDA improvement in just one year
                                                                  ongoing journey
• 8 percent reduction in plant conversion costs
  
• 11 percent improvement in productivity
                                                                  To address the quality issues I understand that
• 12.6 percent improvement in sales per employee
                                                                  you started with standard work and shortening
  since 2009.                                                      changeover times to reduce lot sizes. When did
                                                                   you start to focus on inventory?
Performance has earned Pactiv TBM’s The Perfect Engine
Award for operational excellence this year, along with Seaman      We deliberately decided to build our LeanSigma
Corp., which also is using the LeanSigma® approach as part         capability first, before tackling our inventory. A lot of
of a strategic roadmap for value creation and growth.              companies start by reducing inventory to get the cash
I’m still involved in Pactiv’s LeanSigma work, and two men         flow impact right out of the gate, and it actually makes
have provided a common thread during the six years of              the sales force and the customer cringe. We made sure
incredible change: John T. McGrath, now Pactiv CEO but             we had quality processes in place, and had reduced
formerly VP of Sales, and Kevin Quinn, VP of Manufacturing
and Engineering. Their cooperative work is a testament to
how crucial alignment is to achieving success through lean.           About Seaman Corp.
From the beginning they had a unified vision: One invoice.
One order. One truck. Today, that vision has become one
                                                                      Headquartered in Wooster, Ohio, Seaman
of a company that can achieve exceptional growth with                 Corporation has two additional production
remarkable efficiency. In other words, a perfect engine.              facilities in Bristol, Tenn. using advanced
                                                                      weaving and coating technology. The
                                                                      plants manufacture coated fabrics for
                                                                      commercial roof systems, architectural
                                                                      structures, geomembrane liners, truck tarps,
Dan Sullivan is Executive Vice President of TBM.                      and many other applications. Founded in
He can be reached at dsullivan@tbmcg.com.                             1949, the privately held company employs
                                                                      approximately 310 people.

              Send OpEx newsletter feedback
            and story ideas to opex@tbmcg.com.

 
2 | OpEx Review | August 2012 | www.tbmcg.com
Leadership Insights – QA, continued




                                                             20 percent and, because of the cross-training and the
                                                             standard work and how we do things here, we can take
                                                             that in stride. It’s not a big deal. We have really created
                                                             a lot of flexibility and agility in our business.

                                                             We’ve also been able to reinvest in new capabilities.
                                                             We recently made a $5 million capital equipment
                                                             investment. Some of that money comes from our
                                                             LeanSigma savings. When we put in the new equipment,
                                                             we didn’t have to build a new building because we
                                                             had freed up enough space in our existing operations.
                                                             In addition, using TBM’s 2P process, we were able to
                                                             optimize the design of the equipment so that it will
                                                             not only produce a superior product, but have a highly
                                                             efficient operation.

                                                             Culturally, is there anything about being
                                                             a private, family-owned company that has
                                                             made the LeanSigma implementation easier
                                                             or more difficult?
our changeover times, from four hours to one hour in         Our owner, Richard Seaman, has always been progressive
some cases. Once people saw that we could produce            in his approach to the business. Dick has always had
and deliver any order within a week, they realized           tremendous passion for innovative ideas for both
                                                             products and processes. Once Dick Seaman started
that we didn’t need six or eight weeks of supply. Then,
                                                             seeing results and fully understood the process, he
with the support of sales, we’ve been able to increase our
                                                             pressed us to institutionalize the LeanSigma principles
annual finished good turns from 4 turns to 11 turns.
                                                             as part of our culture.
Can you describe what your quality and
                                                             Due to the family culture here everyone is engaged in
productivity improvements, and enhanced                      the business. It’s like having 300 owners. They all want
responsiveness to customers, have enabled                    to see the business do well. I think we are a “Can Do”
Seaman to achieve in your markets?                           company. We are not a company that resists change. The
Our quality and productivity improvements have               people here are willing to stretch and to reinvent things
allowed us to remain competitive in the industrial fabrics   and commit to breakthrough performance versus just
and roofing industry. The raw materials for industrial       being satisfied with small, incremental changes.
fabrics come from petro-chemicals. As I’m sure you
know, chemicals have had significant raw material price
increases over the last couple of years. Our LeanSigma       For more information about the early years of the company’s
cost improvements have allowed us to partially outset        LeanSigma journey, see the case study, “Seaman Corporation
many of the raw material cost increases.                     Is On the Transformation Fast Track,” at tbmcg.com. As part
                                                             of our recognition of the TBM 2012 Perfect Engine Award
Because of our fast response times, we’re able to deliver    co-winners, we will feature an updated report on Seaman’s
our product to customers faster, driving the top line        LeanSigma efforts in the next issue of OpEx.
by getting new customers, while maintaining our high
                                                             John Crum was interviewed by business
market share. With our LeanSigma environment, we
                                                             journalist David Drickhamer.
can flex our capacity quickly. Our demand can fluctuate




                                                                             OpEx Review | August 2012 | www.tbmcg.com | 3
Pactiv’s Perfect Engine, continued from page 1



                                                                                                      teams were able to improve productivity
                                                                                                      beyond the 2005 level by November. CI
                                                                                                      efforts at other plants in Frankfurt, Ill.,
                                                                                                      and elsewhere, produced similar results.
                                                                                                      The CI work that year and into 2008
                                                                                                      focused on manufacturing, involved
                                                                                                      much one-on-one teaching about
                                                                                                      how to identify waste, and laid the
                                                                                                      foundation for what would later become
                                                                                                      the Pactiv Production System. Largely,
                                                                                                      it was about learning to see waste where
                                                                                                      no one could see it before.
                                                                                                      “We talked about vibrancy, we talked
                                                                                                      about 5S, and we talked about some of
                                                                                                      the fundamentals of lean,” says Mike
                                                                                                      Hatto, a TBM consultant who worked
                                                                                                      with the Canandaigua teams. “Within a
                                                                                                      week’s time we put in place a plan to do
                                                                                                      one kaizen event a month.”
                                                                                                      Before the year ended, the kaizens at
                                                                                                      Canandaigua and other plants had
 Greg Noethlich, President, Prestone; Kevin Quinn, Vice President of Manufacturing and Engineering,
                                                                                                      demonstrated significant opportunity
 Pactiv Corporation; and Anand Sharma, Chairman  CEO, TBM Consulting Group, Inc.
                                                                                                      for improved productivity and
                                                                                                      decreased costs. For example, in the
 Pactiv has sustained and expanded CI              2007: Laying The Foundation                        thermoforming area at Canandaigua,
 gains using workbooks that are the                                                                   cases produced per man-hour
                                                   Pactiv’s lean relay had a traditional              increased 67 percent post-kaizen, and
 outcome of annual strategy deployment             start. The company’s Canandaigua,
 planning and are used by four levels                                                                 throughput per machine-hour improved
                                                   N.Y., thermoforming plant wanted to                25 percent. At Frankfurt, kaizen
 of the company—each with its own                  reverse a trend of lagging productivity,
 workbook designed for that level—                                                                    teams demonstrated an 83 percent
                                                   which started in 2005. Using traditional           improvement in machine setup time.
 to guide and document daily CI                    assessment of the plant followed by a
 work. Company leaders provide the                 series of rapid-improvement events,
 workbooks and ample war room space
 for supervisors, managers and teams
 to use to choose, plan and implement
 CI projects that enable the sites to
                                                    Pactiv Acquisitions 2002-2011
 meet financial goals set during                       Year               Company               Revenue ($ millions)          No. of Plants
 strategy deployment.                                  2002        Winkler Forming                        120                       3
 Getting to this stage took time, though,              2003        Jaguar (Mexico)                        95                        1
 to train and hone lean fundamentals.                  2003        Rock Tenn                              60                        2
                                                       2005        Newspring                              110                       2
 “Throughout all the different endeavors,              2007        Prairie Packaging                      500                       4
 the bottom line kept improving because                2010        Reynolds                               520                       6
 the fundamentals were there,” Kubisiak                2010        PWP                                    175                       4
 said. “As far as sustainment goes, once               2011        Dopaco                                465                        6
 you educate people, they look at                                                                       $2,045                      28
 things differently.”



4 | OpEx Review | August 2012 | www.tbmcg.com
Pactiv’s Perfect Engine, continued




While the results of these and the             The Process – Strategy Deployment
other front-line improvements were
impressive, Pactiv leaders knew that                     LEVEL I                                      Growth
they couldn’t stop there. Enterprise-                    •   E
                                                              xecutive Team             (AIP)      Productivity
wide problems that could block growth                    •   S
                                                              WOT Analysis                         Talent Management
potential persisted:                                     •   A
                                                              nnual Improvement Priorities
•  lants were working independently,
  P                                                      •   M
                                                              onthly Update	       Countermeasures
  without networked strategic alignment.
                                                         LEVEL II                                              MANUFACTURING

•  uccess stories were insular,
  S                                                      •   V
                                                              alue Streams                           ENGINEERING       MARKETING
  and progress spotty.                                   •   S
                                                              WOT Analysis
                                                                                                      LOGISTICS/PIC      FINANCE
                                                         •   B
                                                              ottom-up Plan Development
•  ustaining gains was tenuous.
  S
                                                         •   A
                                                              nnual Improvement Priorities (AIP)
•  I work was not clearly tied
  C                                                      •   M
                                                              onthly Update	       Countermeasures
  to the corporate bottom line.
                                                         LEVEL III/IV
“There was also a dawning awareness that                 •  lants, Warehouses, Sales Teams
                                                           P
they were going about this in a disjointed               •  orkbooks – Specific Projects – Time Bound
                                                           W
effort and so weren’t leveraging what they               •  onthly Update	
                                                           M                      Countermeasures
could,” Hatto says.
                                             According to Hatto and Kubisiak, they         Kubisiak says. “When other companies
2008: Value Streams Elevate                  installed the system by introducing it        were doing badly, Pactiv was out buying
Learning, CI Work                            to multiple plants within a value stream      its competition. In 2008 they were not
This drove Pactiv leaders to start           with a single event at one plant. In the      even acknowledging that there was a
organizing work by product line so they      foam value stream, for example, three to      recession. There’s no question that the
weren’t duplicating efforts: Building        five people from each of the sites would      work they did in those years helped
on the knowledge the company gained          come for a kaizen event at one plant,         them to make important acquisitions.”
in 2007, Pactiv reorganized into value       and then would set up a calendar with
streams in 2008.                             the regional CI leaders for each plant to     2010–11: Strategy Deployment
                                             conduct a replication event because they      Improves Alignment, Performance
Part of the reorganization was
                                             all have similar equipment and processes.
building the early company-wide                                                            As Pactiv grew through acquisition,
CI infrastructure, which included            CI leaders gave each plant time-specific      the need to replicate its processes and
corporate-level regional CI leaders and      performance goals scaled up to the            practices became a critical need, as
widening deployment of the Pactiv            kaizen-demonstrated capabilities. About       did the need to do a better job of
Production System, the company’s             a month later, CI leaders would audit         sustaining gains and tracking progress
unique interpretation of lean systems        the project to make sure the team was         toward high-level strategic goals. The
management.                                  using PPS standard work and tracking          time had come to introduce strategy
                                             to meet expectations.                         deployment, and this is when Pactiv
  “ hen other companies were
   W                                         As this was happening, the Pactiv CI          leaders created the four-level approach
                                             effort was being elevated to the systems      to achieve alignment.
   doing badly, Pactiv was out
                                             and philosophy level, and knowledge           Today, lean CI is embedded in the
   buying its competition. In
                                             was rapidly building throughout               company’s go-forward strategy, although
   2008 they were not even                   the organization.                             with an increased emphasis on wringing
   acknowledging that there                                                                out costs and freeing up cash.
                                             Additionally, as more costs were taken
   was a recession.”                         out of the business, the company had          Editor’s Note: Pactiv and Seaman Corp.
                —
                ­ Glenn Kubisiak,            more cash for acquisitions and to weather     each received TBM Consulting Group’s
                         TBM Consultant      the 2008 and 2009 global recession.           Perfect Engine Award in June 2012.
                                             “All of the work that we were doing           See page 2 for an interview with
                                             with them was allowing them to buy            Seaman Co-President John Crum.
                                             other companies during the recession,”
                                                                                         OpEx Review | August 2012 | www.tbmcg.com | 5
Management Briefing

TPM: Achieving Maintenance Excellence
8 Steps to Better Equipment Reliability,
More Capacity and Sustained Improvement
By Doug Kiss

You’ve launched your continuous
improvement (CI) initiative. Product
lines have replaced process villages.
There’s more floor space. Supervisors
and executives are closer to the gemba
after experiencing 5S, visual factory
and managing for daily improvement.
Standard work has made abnormalities
more visible, and Six Sigma
methodology has corrected problems
that have plagued the operation
for years.

The results are showing on the bottom
line, and Accounting has credited your
CI effort as a large contributor. Fair          Equipment-Maintenance                          workarounds and special tricks and
skies and smooth sailing, right? Well,          Challenges                                     tools to limp things along. Some of
partially right. Momentum like this—                                                           these are good ideas but are seldom
effectiveness like this—needs growth            Let’s look at equipment-maintenance            shared as best practices.
to sustain.                                     challenges that are common among
                                                manufacturers and cause problems such        •  omputerized Maintenance
                                                                                               C
But many organizations are hesitating           as downtime, reduced speed, product            Management Systems often are not
to make investments needed for                  yield and the unknown costs/availability       in place or poorly used. No useful
growth. Often the roadblock is                  of parts and time associated with              data is available quickly—equipment
finding, preserving and expanding               restoration of lost capacity:                  history or spare parts inventory/cost.
manufacturing capacity.                                                                        Good data and history are essential
                                                •  usterity has forced a general
                                                  A                                            for making good decisions about
The tenuous global economy has held               degradation of equipment condition           modifying preventive maintenance,
back some capital investment, but some            in the past decade. The maintenance          stocking or ordering spare parts, and
company leaders could also be cautious            skills base has eroded due to attrition,     upgrading or purchasing equipment.
because they have been dissatisfied with          a decline of technical school graduate
equipment lifespan and/or lifecycle               availability, and a tendency among         •  aintenance and Production don’t
                                                                                               M
costs despite using Total Productive              companies to drop maintenance                partner and share ownership of the
Maintenance (TPM) as part of an                   mentoring/apprenticeships.                   equipment. If maintenance skills
operational excellence program.                   Maintenance departments often                are below par and spare parts are
                                                  lack basic and specific skills, and          not tracked or managed, preventive
If TPM did not produce results
                                                  few have taken the time to quantify          maintenance likely takes too long
or sustainment at your company,
                                                  the gap, let alone plan to bridge it.        and causes significant equipment
perhaps it was because you took a
                                                                                               downtime. The other result is that
tools approach rather than a systems            •  roduction departments are focused
                                                  P                                            everyone sees that Production does
approach. Instead of being viewed as a            only on “making the numbers.” Basic          not value equipment maintenance.
fixit (or fixit-prevention) measure, TPM          daily care and equipment monitoring
should become the foundation of a                 are not performed by the person            A TPM event is a start to fix problems.
larger maintenance vision that supports           who is operating or tending the            However, a long-term plan is needed to
strategic high-level goals.                       equipment. We find operators using         create manufacturing capacity necessary
                                                                                             for growth.

6 | OpEx Review | August 2012 | www.tbmcg.com
Management Briefing, continued




The benefits of TBM’s system approach
to TPM are that you create a roadmap         Creating TPM Systems for Long-Term Benefits
of what needs to be done and so have
a vehicle for enhancements, course           TPM events often don’t show                   is the enormity of the scope—and
corrections and communication; know          payback or sustain because they are           therefore the scarcity of—resources
how you are going to do it; and know         one-offs: The systems that support            to get the work done. Using a
how to measure the effects and returns.      the equipment effectiveness are not           criticality matrix and numerical
                                             put into place; the measures that             scoring criteria, we take the
Any lean organization could find itself      support the effort are not created; or        “emotional noise” out of the
up against equipment effectiveness and       the wrong measures are forced.                identification and let the data tell
machine capacity as a barrier to bringing                                                  us what equipment is truly critical.
the benefits of operational excellence to    TBM’s methodology for helping
bear. This may be the result of less-than-   clients move beyond the TPM “tool”         4.  etermining the condition of each
                                                                                           D
successful efforts in the past or simply     stage to the systems stage includes           piece of critical equipment.
the last part of the puzzle to be put        these eight steps:                            Looking at each sub-system
together. In either case, it’s important                                                   on the equipment (hydraulics,
to understand that the end goal is not       1.  nowing the current state.
                                                K                                          pneumatics, controls, etc.), we
TPM, but maintenance excellence.               We start by examining the                   can code the condition based on
                                               production floor, the maintenance           the current state. This not only
                                               department(s) and the equipment.            helps with the planning of TPM
                                               Area owners and operators provide           improvement events, but also
                                               input for an assessment, which              helps organizations plan and
                                               is a systems view of where the              prioritize upgrades, overhauls,
                                               factory is from a standpoint of             rebuilds and purchases.
                                               maintenance excellence. We use
                                               a progression benchmark, often           5.  onducting a maintenance skills
                                                                                           C
                                               in the structure of bronze/silver/          assessment, implementing a
                                               gold to determine the level of lean         skills matrix. Gaps in skills must
                                               progression. The output provides            be addressed. The first step is to
                                               parameters for priority and scope,          identify what basic skills are in
                                               as well as a solid reference in             need of enhancement and what
                                               structuring a get-well plan.                machine/process-specific expertise
                                                                                           needs to be upgraded.
                                             2.  stablishing a steering committee
                                                E
                                                or ownership structure. While           6.  reating a communications
                                                                                           C
                                               TPM can be described as a                   plan and determining initial
                                               “bottom-up” effort (meaning                 metrics/measures. It is necessary
                                               without support from the top),              that both maintenance and
                                               it still requires a team to set goals       production organizations know
Doug Kiss is a Senior Management               and identify good measures for full         the why/how/when, and that
Consultant at TBM. He can be                   implementation and sustainment.             changes are in store.
reached at dkiss@tbmcg.com.                    These are set as the organization
                                               establishes a “maintenance vision.”      7.  rioritizing and planning
                                                                                           P
This Management Briefing has been                                                          workshops/events/training.
modified for OpEx. For the complete          3. dentifying critical equipment.
                                                I
                                               One of the causes of less-than-          8. mplementing, assessing
                                                                                           I
version, go to the Resource Center at
                                               optimum TPM implementation                  and improving.
www.tbmcg.com.




                                                                                       OpEx Review | August 2012 | www.tbmcg.com | 7
Case Study

Proactive Defect Resolution: Medical Device Maker Avoids
Shutdown, Achieves Full FDA Clearance with No Failures
A basic tool continuous-improvement teams use to discover
“hidden” quality problems is process mapping. Often, the
root causes of long-entrenched problems become so obvious
during mapping that it stuns and—well—embarrasses those
who’ve been overlooking the problems day in and day out.

But when the product is a highly engineered implantable
medical device with an extremely complex supply chain
(multiple lots of raw materials) and production processes
(both process and discrete manufacturing; and a high
frequency of production-machinery component changes),
the sources of defects are not as obvious and can take
months to identify.

This was the case with a TBM client company that makes
implanted medical devices.

Despite the inherent complexities of the product and
production processes, a CI team was able to identify the
sources of the defects using common LeanSigma mapping
and statistical tools, and the company resolved the problems
and returned to full production with full clearance from the
FDA and no reported failures in the field.
                                                                   During the subsequent multi-month process, two unique
In-house researchers had discovered one defect during design-      challenges presented themselves. First, the inspection method
of-experiments testing on an unrelated product-design issue.       that had identified the surface irregularity had never been
The researchers discovered that during implant, a crack would      used before, and team members believed that the irregularity
form in the device. The team tested several more devices and       was not a “new” defect, but simply one that had never been
observed the same outcome.                                         noticed before. Once the defect became apparent, though, it
                                                                   was impossible to “un notice” it to try to replicate previous
During these tests, the researchers uncovered a second             inspection techniques. A second challenge was that although
previously unnoticed defect—a surface irregularity.                the defect rate was extremely low, many of the expensive
Ultimately, the team concluded that the surface irregularity       units had to be deployed for testing while production—and
was cosmetic and did not affect product performance or             hence sales—were suspended. So financial considerations put
patient experience; however, the company’s high quality            additional pressure on the team to resolve the issue as quickly
standards required correction.                                     and efficiently as possible.
The crack defect could have been more problematic: Had any         Testing of process-related variables was an obvious path to
defective devices been shipped and discovered as defective         pursue for root-cause analysis. But because it was not known
after a surgery, a surgeon would have had to remove the            how long the defects had existed before they were detected,
defective device and replace it. This additional surgery could     and because of the high number of variables, parameters for
cause scarring and other complications for patients.               testing (where to begin and which changes to consider) were
                                                                   not obvious.
The company expanded the investigation to include both
defects after already suspending production and partnering with    According to TBM Senior Management Consultant, Beth
TBM to facilitate a kaizen to find the root causes of the crack.   Morrison, the team started with a simple process-mapping




8 | OpEx Review | August 2012 | www.tbmcg.com
Case Study, continued




activity that ultimately provided invaluable insight into       been an ‘aha’ tool, but it did make visible to everyone how
which variables to consider, where to focus experimentation,    changes that had been considered small could potentially
and how seemingly small changes were having a big impact        have a major impact on production performance, especially
on processes. “We drew a chart on the wall that showed          in combination with other changes.”
successful past production leading into when the defect was
detected, and then started writing on the wall—to scale—        With insight from the timeline, the team conducted
all of the things that had changed over time.”                  research to see if there was some combination of parts
                                                                and materials that had led to the defects. Additionally,
                                                                the team conducted experiments on different ways of
                                                                using the device in the field, i.e., how it would be
                                                                implanted, as well as changes to how the device’s
   “ timeline may not have been an ‘aha’
    The                                                         materials were manufactured.
    tool, but it did make visible to everyone how               The team also tested inspection methods for consistency
    changes that had been considered small                      using standard measurement systems analysis tools
    could potentially have a major impact on                    (attribute agreement analysis and expert re-inspection
    production performance, especially in                       techniques). Also important was the use of the external
                                                                resources (SEM technology) to validate what the internal
    combination with other changes.”
                                                                team had found.

                                                                The problem-solving tools the team used led to discovering the
                                                                root causes of both defects. Both of these issues were corrected,
                                                                one defect being addressed through an improved assembly
As team members gathered information for each research          method and the other through a new finishing method.
assignment (i.e., When did we change the raw materials
lots? When did the new lots go into production? When did
we change the lots of the device-application tool? When
did we put in a new water-filtration system? When did
we start a new cleaning procedure?), all of the activity—
regardless of who performed the assignment—was
documented and made visible to the team.

The resulting timeline stood 30 inches tall, 10 feet long and
covered about 18 months of process changes. At first, it
hung in a conference room, but someone had been given the
job of capturing it electronically, so it was moved from the
conference room out into the hall so the person could work
on it without disturbing people in the conference room.
This serendipitous move elevated the timeline from a simple
kaizen-team mapping tool to a method of providing deeper
and wider visibility into end-to-end manufacturing processes.
“Other people in the company—not just those on the
team—were also able to comment on things that had
changed,” Morrison said. “The timeline may not have




                                                                                  OpEx Review | August 2012 | www.tbmcg.com | 9
Strategic Vision

As Apple’s Success Attests, Operational Excellence
Isn’t Everything, But It Is Essential
By Anand Sharma


Operational excellence isn’t everything.
                                                                                        Strategic Growth
You might be surprised to hear such
a statement coming from me. After                Strategic
                                                 Growth
all, for more than two decades now
we’ve helped clients become more

                                                 Model
operationally effective—by many
orders of magnitude—and achieve
vastly superior financial performance.




                                                                                                Disciplined Execution
But operational excellence is only one
path to superior market performance.
Another path is probably best illustrated
by a company that’s never far from                                        Operational                                     Value
today’s business headlines: Apple.                                         Excellence                                   Innovation
The death of Apple’s co-founder and
                                                 Leadership
CEO, Steve Jobs, and release of his
biography last year gave business owners
and managers many opportunities to
reflect on the life and accomplishments
of an incredible business leader. Jobs’
remarkable and successful resurrection
of Apple can’t help but make us think
about the performance potential of our
own companies, and the legacy that we
want to leave behind.

Very secretive on the supply chain
side of its business, Apple isn’t known
for operational excellence or lean
production methods, mostly because                                   Organizational Mission  Core Values
it subcontracts manufacturing
and assembly of its products and
components. Still, it repeatedly manages
to meet dramatic demand spikes with          subject of endless fascination. Still,      Connect that which you
every new product launch. But from a         there are elements of its value-creation    VALUE to that which you DO
value perspective—as in recognizing,         model that other business leaders           The mission and core values of an
creating and providing value that its        can learn from and build upon.              organization empower people by
customers are willing to pay for, a.k.a.,    The Strategic Growth Model that             defining behaviors and clarifying rules of
innovation—very few companies in             I will explore here begins with an          engagement. Our core values at TBM—
history have been so successful.             organization’s mission and core values,     which I won’t recite here—reflect our
                                             and combines operational excellence         focus on providing clear economic
If it were easy to replicate Apple’s         with value innovation through               value to our customers and treating our
success, the company wouldn’t be a           disciplined execution.                      employees with the utmost respect.




10 | OpEx Review | August 2012 | www.tbmcg.com
Strategic Vision, continued



                                            •  hat factors could be raised well
                                              W                                              countermeasures when expectations
  Apple’s Core Values                         beyond the industry standard?                  are not being met, and hold people
  Connect to Leaders,                                                                        accountable. It incorporates buy-in from
                                            •  hat services could be created that
                                              W                                              your leadership team and makes everyone
  Employees and Consumers                     the industry has never offered?                focus on the most important areas for the
 “ e believe that people with
  W                                                                                          future of the organization.
                                            The mindset of the leadership team must
  passion can change the world for          also change. You have to think less about
  the better... And that those people                                                        Watering the Soil
                                            your customers as companies that buy             The final component of the strategic
  who are crazy enough to think             your products, and more as people who            growth model is leadership. The
  they can change the world, are the        you want to help be more successful.             business leaders who I have worked
  ones who actually do.”                    Think less about building on what you’ve         with personally share some common
                 —Steve Jobs,1997           always done, and more about what                 personality characteristics. They are great
                                            could be done. Think less about current          communicators who can clearly convey
                                            industry conditions, and more about              their vision for the future. They realize
                                            how those conditions can be shaped and           we have two ears and one mouth for a
A company’s mission and values should       transformed. Think less about doing
make it clear for everyone what is                                                           reason, and therefore prize the inputs of
                                            more with less, and more about doing             others. They are zealots whose passion is
expected and accepted. Ideally, for such    something that’s never been done before.
values to have resonance, they will                                                          contagious and who can be deliberately
connect personally with leadership,         A Vision Without                                 unsettling when necessary in order to
employees and customers. Of course,                                                          release pent-up creativity. Finally, they
                                            a Plan Is a Dream
management behavior and decisions                                                            are servants who derive their greatest
                                            The loftiest and most visionary strategy
must always reflect the company’s values.                                                    satisfaction from putting their skills,
                                            means nothing if it can’t be executed.
                                                                                             position and experience in service to others.
                                            According to one research study, only
Become a Market Maker                       half of companies report some success            In closing I’d like to leave you with two
To avoid becoming a commodity               executing their strategic plans, and             questions to consider. What do you need
producer, manufacturers must regularly      only one out of three report significant         to be “more of ” or “less of ” as a leader
develop and offer forward leaps in          success when it comes to execution.              to transform your business for strategic
customer value. By gathering relevant                                                        growth? And, how do you want to be
customer insights and unarticulated         The Japanese quality expert, Ryuji
                                                                                             remembered? This strategic growth
needs, and applying proven analytical       Fukuda, noted that most business
                                                                                             model can help get you there.
tools, companies can uncover new,           strategies and transformations fail
exclusive knowledge about their markets     primarily because of a lack of direction,
and customers. Following this value         resources, time and cooperation. He                                 This article is based on
innovation approach, they can then          created the X-matrix to monitor and                                 TBM President and
translate this knowledge into unique        address such issues as part of the strategy                         CEO Anand Sharma’s
products and services.                      deployment framework. The strategy                                  leadership presentation
                                            deployment process makes it possible                                at the TBM Executive
For example, consider the key               for managers to align an organization’s                             Exchange in June 2012.
competitive issues and factors in your      energy at all levels, implement
markets. Do the answers to any of the
following questions reveal any new
                                               Blue Oceans: The Value Innovation Metaphor
paths to customer value?
                                               If a company limits its innovation efforts to increments of what already exists, trying
•  hat product or service factors that
  W                                            to outperform rivals to grab a bigger share of the market, it’s swimming in waters
  the industry takes for granted can be        bloodied by competition, a red ocean. But if your company can identify an
  eliminated?                                  unfulfilled need and respond with a unique solution, it creates its own blue ocean
                                               free of competition where demand is created rather than fought over.
•  hat factors could be reduced well
  W
  below the industry standard?                                                     — Paraphrased from Blue Ocean Strategy,
                                                                                by W. Chan Kim and Renée Mauborgne, 2005


                                                                                          OpEx Review | August 2012 | www.tbmcg.com | 11
Updates and Events


New TBM VP to Focus on Growing Drug, Medical Device Markets
                      Continuing                    the application of traditional lean                   As a TBM leader, much of his focus will
                      TBM’s tradition               manufacturing methods, but to help                    be on new-product development, which
                      of fostering                  those industries understand that                      he sees as the greatest opportunity for
                      mutual education              operational excellence can accelerate                 operational excellence in these industries.
                      through its client            time-to-market for new healthcare
                      relationships, Mark           products and speed the achievement                    “The cycle of both drug discovery and
                      Pope has stepped              of firms’ internal goals.”                            drug development on the pharmaceutical
                      into the role of                                                                    side of the house is extensive. The
Vice President for the Pharmaceutical               Prior to joining TBM, Pope was the                    average drug takes eight to 10 years
and Medical Products Practice. These                Vice President of Business Excellence                 from the time the new molecular entity
industries will explode over the next               for Pfizer Pharmaceuticals. He led                    is developed through human clinical
30 years, as developing countries grow              an internal consulting group of 30-                   trials, and the registration processes with
economically and healthcare spending                plus people focused on operational                    regulatory authorities. Devices have a
in industrialized nations tilts drastically         improvement within Pfizer’s global                    shorter cycle than drugs, but have a lot
toward older citizens with more                     operations focused on material revenue                of room for improvement as well.
healthcare needs.                                   increases, new capabilities development
                                                    and cost efficiency. In two years, his                “Compressing these cycle times and
“My goal is to help TBM serve                       leadership delivered $200 million in                  bringing new technology to the market for
pharmaceutical and medical                          incremental revenue and $1 billion in                 the betterment of the disease state and the
products markets not only through                   SGA cost reductions.                                 human experience is absolutely critical.”




      AIM for OPERATIONAL EXCELLENCE                                                                          Publisher:
                                                                                                              Anand Sharma: asharma@tbmcg.com

                                 ®                                                                            Executive Editor:
                                                                                                              Angela Scenna: ascenna@tbmcg.com
      September 19–20, 2012 • Atlanta, GA
                                                                Three OpEx tracks:                            Contributors:
                                                               Growth, Leading Change                         David Drickhamer, Doug Kiss,
                                                                                                              Beth Morrison, Mark Pope,
                                                              and Improving Profitability.                    Angela Scenna, Anand Sharma,
                                                                                                              Dan Sullivan, Tonya Vinas

                                                                                                              Art Direction and Design:
                                                                                                              Crossbow Group, crossbowgroup.com
                                                              Accelerate value creation
                                                                and master new OpEx                           Printing:
                                                                strategies at this year’s                     Carter Printing  Graphics, Inc.,
                                                                                                              carterprintingnc.com
                                                          LeanSigma® Global Summit.

                 Visit www.LeanSigmaGlobalSummit.com



                                     OpEx Review is a publication of
                                                                             TBM, the TBM logo, and LeanSigma® are registered
                                     TBM Consulting Group                    trademarks of TBM Consulting Group, Inc.
                                     4400 Ben Franklin Boulevard
                                     Durham, North Carolina 27704            Find us on          Our
                                                                                                 Blog
                                     800.438.5535 www.tbmcg.com




12 OpEx Review | August 2012 | www.tbmcg.com

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Op Ex Review 0812

  • 1. August 2012 | Issue 3 OpEx Review A TBM Consulting Group Publication Pactiv’s Perfect Engine: Turning Improved Productivity into Cash and Growth Pactiv’s CI journey is Many lean companies Far from running out of “The company went from describe their continuous steam, Pactiv’s 12,000 being capital-oriented less like the colloquial, improvement efforts as long, employees get stronger as the to being working-capital ambling lean journey purposeful journeys down race continues. From 2007 oriented — it’s gone from and more like a cross- a never-ending road. This to 2011, the company grew worrying about productivity country relay race with hasn’t been the case at food- revenues by more than $1.6 to worrying about cash,” no finish line.   packaging giant Pactiv. Since billion through acquisitions said TBM Consultant, Glenn its first kaizen event in the funded by freed up cash. In Kubisiak, who worked at food service segment in April 2010 alone, employees at one of Pactiv’s Hefty plants 2007, Pactiv has pursued Pactiv’s 55 sites collectively in 2007 and 2008. “That’s a a CI strategy more like a freed up $250 million in cash whole different attitude as far cross-country relay race with and drew the attention of as running the company.” no finish line: Train, stick to Auckland private-investment the path, execute the crucial company, Rank Group, hand-offs, and if the weather which purchased it in 2011. (continued on page 4) changes suddenly—don’t get distracted—keep moving and push harder than you think ALSO IN THIS ISSUE: you can. 2| Leadership: Seaman Co-President John Crum “I ask for 130 percent of 6| Maintenance: A TPM system approach goal,” says Greg Noethlich, formerly Pactiv’s VP of 8| Case Study: Quality improvement for medical implants Operations and now President 10| Strategy: Beyond operational excellence at Apple of Prestone, a sister company. www.tbmcg.com
  • 2. Leading Thoughts Leadership Insights – Q&A OpEx Review 2012 Perfect Engine August 2012 | Issue 3 Award Co-Winner: Alignment Feeds Pactiv’s Success When I made my first visit to Pactiv Seaman Corporation in 2006, it was made clear to me Seaman Co-President John Crum shares that this would be the company’s last attempt to make lean work. They had his insights on the coated fabric company’s tried two other times, and TBM would ongoing pursuit of operational excellence. have the last at bat. Fortunately, we became a team, and After six years, how ingrained is Seaman’s together we hit a home run. LeanSigma® program? Today, Pactiv is applying operational excellence across the Participation is driven from the top to the bottom. enterprise to improve profitability, asset utilization, supplier Approximately 90% of our associates participate in performance, and to successfully integrate new products into LeanSigma events, including the senior management. its manufacturing processes. It’s all about leading by example. Our owner and The organization continuously achieves best-in-class CEO, Dick Seaman, constantly reminds our associates performance because of this effort. Pactiv’s results include: of the gains that we’ve made and that this is an • 38 percent EBITDA improvement in just one year ongoing journey • 8 percent reduction in plant conversion costs • 11 percent improvement in productivity To address the quality issues I understand that • 12.6 percent improvement in sales per employee you started with standard work and shortening since 2009. changeover times to reduce lot sizes. When did you start to focus on inventory? Performance has earned Pactiv TBM’s The Perfect Engine Award for operational excellence this year, along with Seaman We deliberately decided to build our LeanSigma Corp., which also is using the LeanSigma® approach as part capability first, before tackling our inventory. A lot of of a strategic roadmap for value creation and growth. companies start by reducing inventory to get the cash I’m still involved in Pactiv’s LeanSigma work, and two men flow impact right out of the gate, and it actually makes have provided a common thread during the six years of the sales force and the customer cringe. We made sure incredible change: John T. McGrath, now Pactiv CEO but we had quality processes in place, and had reduced formerly VP of Sales, and Kevin Quinn, VP of Manufacturing and Engineering. Their cooperative work is a testament to how crucial alignment is to achieving success through lean. About Seaman Corp. From the beginning they had a unified vision: One invoice. One order. One truck. Today, that vision has become one Headquartered in Wooster, Ohio, Seaman of a company that can achieve exceptional growth with Corporation has two additional production remarkable efficiency. In other words, a perfect engine. facilities in Bristol, Tenn. using advanced weaving and coating technology. The plants manufacture coated fabrics for commercial roof systems, architectural structures, geomembrane liners, truck tarps, Dan Sullivan is Executive Vice President of TBM. and many other applications. Founded in He can be reached at dsullivan@tbmcg.com. 1949, the privately held company employs approximately 310 people. Send OpEx newsletter feedback and story ideas to opex@tbmcg.com.   2 | OpEx Review | August 2012 | www.tbmcg.com
  • 3. Leadership Insights – QA, continued 20 percent and, because of the cross-training and the standard work and how we do things here, we can take that in stride. It’s not a big deal. We have really created a lot of flexibility and agility in our business. We’ve also been able to reinvest in new capabilities. We recently made a $5 million capital equipment investment. Some of that money comes from our LeanSigma savings. When we put in the new equipment, we didn’t have to build a new building because we had freed up enough space in our existing operations. In addition, using TBM’s 2P process, we were able to optimize the design of the equipment so that it will not only produce a superior product, but have a highly efficient operation. Culturally, is there anything about being a private, family-owned company that has made the LeanSigma implementation easier or more difficult? our changeover times, from four hours to one hour in Our owner, Richard Seaman, has always been progressive some cases. Once people saw that we could produce in his approach to the business. Dick has always had and deliver any order within a week, they realized tremendous passion for innovative ideas for both products and processes. Once Dick Seaman started that we didn’t need six or eight weeks of supply. Then, seeing results and fully understood the process, he with the support of sales, we’ve been able to increase our pressed us to institutionalize the LeanSigma principles annual finished good turns from 4 turns to 11 turns. as part of our culture. Can you describe what your quality and Due to the family culture here everyone is engaged in productivity improvements, and enhanced the business. It’s like having 300 owners. They all want responsiveness to customers, have enabled to see the business do well. I think we are a “Can Do” Seaman to achieve in your markets? company. We are not a company that resists change. The Our quality and productivity improvements have people here are willing to stretch and to reinvent things allowed us to remain competitive in the industrial fabrics and commit to breakthrough performance versus just and roofing industry. The raw materials for industrial being satisfied with small, incremental changes. fabrics come from petro-chemicals. As I’m sure you know, chemicals have had significant raw material price increases over the last couple of years. Our LeanSigma For more information about the early years of the company’s cost improvements have allowed us to partially outset LeanSigma journey, see the case study, “Seaman Corporation many of the raw material cost increases. Is On the Transformation Fast Track,” at tbmcg.com. As part of our recognition of the TBM 2012 Perfect Engine Award Because of our fast response times, we’re able to deliver co-winners, we will feature an updated report on Seaman’s our product to customers faster, driving the top line LeanSigma efforts in the next issue of OpEx. by getting new customers, while maintaining our high John Crum was interviewed by business market share. With our LeanSigma environment, we journalist David Drickhamer. can flex our capacity quickly. Our demand can fluctuate OpEx Review | August 2012 | www.tbmcg.com | 3
  • 4. Pactiv’s Perfect Engine, continued from page 1 teams were able to improve productivity beyond the 2005 level by November. CI efforts at other plants in Frankfurt, Ill., and elsewhere, produced similar results. The CI work that year and into 2008 focused on manufacturing, involved much one-on-one teaching about how to identify waste, and laid the foundation for what would later become the Pactiv Production System. Largely, it was about learning to see waste where no one could see it before. “We talked about vibrancy, we talked about 5S, and we talked about some of the fundamentals of lean,” says Mike Hatto, a TBM consultant who worked with the Canandaigua teams. “Within a week’s time we put in place a plan to do one kaizen event a month.” Before the year ended, the kaizens at Canandaigua and other plants had Greg Noethlich, President, Prestone; Kevin Quinn, Vice President of Manufacturing and Engineering, demonstrated significant opportunity Pactiv Corporation; and Anand Sharma, Chairman CEO, TBM Consulting Group, Inc. for improved productivity and decreased costs. For example, in the Pactiv has sustained and expanded CI 2007: Laying The Foundation thermoforming area at Canandaigua, gains using workbooks that are the cases produced per man-hour Pactiv’s lean relay had a traditional increased 67 percent post-kaizen, and outcome of annual strategy deployment start. The company’s Canandaigua, planning and are used by four levels throughput per machine-hour improved N.Y., thermoforming plant wanted to 25 percent. At Frankfurt, kaizen of the company—each with its own reverse a trend of lagging productivity, workbook designed for that level— teams demonstrated an 83 percent which started in 2005. Using traditional improvement in machine setup time. to guide and document daily CI assessment of the plant followed by a work. Company leaders provide the series of rapid-improvement events, workbooks and ample war room space for supervisors, managers and teams to use to choose, plan and implement CI projects that enable the sites to Pactiv Acquisitions 2002-2011 meet financial goals set during Year Company Revenue ($ millions) No. of Plants strategy deployment. 2002 Winkler Forming 120 3 Getting to this stage took time, though, 2003 Jaguar (Mexico) 95 1 to train and hone lean fundamentals. 2003 Rock Tenn 60 2 2005 Newspring 110 2 “Throughout all the different endeavors, 2007 Prairie Packaging 500 4 the bottom line kept improving because 2010 Reynolds 520 6 the fundamentals were there,” Kubisiak 2010 PWP 175 4 said. “As far as sustainment goes, once 2011 Dopaco 465 6 you educate people, they look at $2,045 28 things differently.” 4 | OpEx Review | August 2012 | www.tbmcg.com
  • 5. Pactiv’s Perfect Engine, continued While the results of these and the The Process – Strategy Deployment other front-line improvements were impressive, Pactiv leaders knew that LEVEL I Growth they couldn’t stop there. Enterprise- • E xecutive Team (AIP) Productivity wide problems that could block growth • S WOT Analysis Talent Management potential persisted: • A nnual Improvement Priorities • lants were working independently, P • M onthly Update Countermeasures without networked strategic alignment. LEVEL II MANUFACTURING • uccess stories were insular, S • V alue Streams ENGINEERING MARKETING and progress spotty. • S WOT Analysis LOGISTICS/PIC FINANCE • B ottom-up Plan Development • ustaining gains was tenuous. S • A nnual Improvement Priorities (AIP) • I work was not clearly tied C • M onthly Update Countermeasures to the corporate bottom line. LEVEL III/IV “There was also a dawning awareness that • lants, Warehouses, Sales Teams P they were going about this in a disjointed • orkbooks – Specific Projects – Time Bound W effort and so weren’t leveraging what they • onthly Update M Countermeasures could,” Hatto says. According to Hatto and Kubisiak, they Kubisiak says. “When other companies 2008: Value Streams Elevate installed the system by introducing it were doing badly, Pactiv was out buying Learning, CI Work to multiple plants within a value stream its competition. In 2008 they were not This drove Pactiv leaders to start with a single event at one plant. In the even acknowledging that there was a organizing work by product line so they foam value stream, for example, three to recession. There’s no question that the weren’t duplicating efforts: Building five people from each of the sites would work they did in those years helped on the knowledge the company gained come for a kaizen event at one plant, them to make important acquisitions.” in 2007, Pactiv reorganized into value and then would set up a calendar with streams in 2008. the regional CI leaders for each plant to 2010–11: Strategy Deployment conduct a replication event because they Improves Alignment, Performance Part of the reorganization was all have similar equipment and processes. building the early company-wide As Pactiv grew through acquisition, CI infrastructure, which included CI leaders gave each plant time-specific the need to replicate its processes and corporate-level regional CI leaders and performance goals scaled up to the practices became a critical need, as widening deployment of the Pactiv kaizen-demonstrated capabilities. About did the need to do a better job of Production System, the company’s a month later, CI leaders would audit sustaining gains and tracking progress unique interpretation of lean systems the project to make sure the team was toward high-level strategic goals. The management. using PPS standard work and tracking time had come to introduce strategy to meet expectations. deployment, and this is when Pactiv “ hen other companies were W As this was happening, the Pactiv CI leaders created the four-level approach effort was being elevated to the systems to achieve alignment. doing badly, Pactiv was out and philosophy level, and knowledge Today, lean CI is embedded in the buying its competition. In was rapidly building throughout company’s go-forward strategy, although 2008 they were not even the organization. with an increased emphasis on wringing acknowledging that there out costs and freeing up cash. Additionally, as more costs were taken was a recession.” out of the business, the company had Editor’s Note: Pactiv and Seaman Corp. — ­ Glenn Kubisiak, more cash for acquisitions and to weather each received TBM Consulting Group’s TBM Consultant the 2008 and 2009 global recession. Perfect Engine Award in June 2012. “All of the work that we were doing See page 2 for an interview with with them was allowing them to buy Seaman Co-President John Crum. other companies during the recession,” OpEx Review | August 2012 | www.tbmcg.com | 5
  • 6. Management Briefing TPM: Achieving Maintenance Excellence 8 Steps to Better Equipment Reliability, More Capacity and Sustained Improvement By Doug Kiss You’ve launched your continuous improvement (CI) initiative. Product lines have replaced process villages. There’s more floor space. Supervisors and executives are closer to the gemba after experiencing 5S, visual factory and managing for daily improvement. Standard work has made abnormalities more visible, and Six Sigma methodology has corrected problems that have plagued the operation for years. The results are showing on the bottom line, and Accounting has credited your CI effort as a large contributor. Fair Equipment-Maintenance workarounds and special tricks and skies and smooth sailing, right? Well, Challenges tools to limp things along. Some of partially right. Momentum like this— these are good ideas but are seldom effectiveness like this—needs growth Let’s look at equipment-maintenance shared as best practices. to sustain. challenges that are common among manufacturers and cause problems such • omputerized Maintenance C But many organizations are hesitating as downtime, reduced speed, product Management Systems often are not to make investments needed for yield and the unknown costs/availability in place or poorly used. No useful growth. Often the roadblock is of parts and time associated with data is available quickly—equipment finding, preserving and expanding restoration of lost capacity: history or spare parts inventory/cost. manufacturing capacity. Good data and history are essential • usterity has forced a general A for making good decisions about The tenuous global economy has held degradation of equipment condition modifying preventive maintenance, back some capital investment, but some in the past decade. The maintenance stocking or ordering spare parts, and company leaders could also be cautious skills base has eroded due to attrition, upgrading or purchasing equipment. because they have been dissatisfied with a decline of technical school graduate equipment lifespan and/or lifecycle availability, and a tendency among • aintenance and Production don’t M costs despite using Total Productive companies to drop maintenance partner and share ownership of the Maintenance (TPM) as part of an mentoring/apprenticeships. equipment. If maintenance skills operational excellence program. Maintenance departments often are below par and spare parts are lack basic and specific skills, and not tracked or managed, preventive If TPM did not produce results few have taken the time to quantify maintenance likely takes too long or sustainment at your company, the gap, let alone plan to bridge it. and causes significant equipment perhaps it was because you took a downtime. The other result is that tools approach rather than a systems • roduction departments are focused P everyone sees that Production does approach. Instead of being viewed as a only on “making the numbers.” Basic not value equipment maintenance. fixit (or fixit-prevention) measure, TPM daily care and equipment monitoring should become the foundation of a are not performed by the person A TPM event is a start to fix problems. larger maintenance vision that supports who is operating or tending the However, a long-term plan is needed to strategic high-level goals. equipment. We find operators using create manufacturing capacity necessary for growth. 6 | OpEx Review | August 2012 | www.tbmcg.com
  • 7. Management Briefing, continued The benefits of TBM’s system approach to TPM are that you create a roadmap Creating TPM Systems for Long-Term Benefits of what needs to be done and so have a vehicle for enhancements, course TPM events often don’t show is the enormity of the scope—and corrections and communication; know payback or sustain because they are therefore the scarcity of—resources how you are going to do it; and know one-offs: The systems that support to get the work done. Using a how to measure the effects and returns. the equipment effectiveness are not criticality matrix and numerical put into place; the measures that scoring criteria, we take the Any lean organization could find itself support the effort are not created; or “emotional noise” out of the up against equipment effectiveness and the wrong measures are forced. identification and let the data tell machine capacity as a barrier to bringing us what equipment is truly critical. the benefits of operational excellence to TBM’s methodology for helping bear. This may be the result of less-than- clients move beyond the TPM “tool” 4. etermining the condition of each D successful efforts in the past or simply stage to the systems stage includes piece of critical equipment. the last part of the puzzle to be put these eight steps: Looking at each sub-system together. In either case, it’s important on the equipment (hydraulics, to understand that the end goal is not 1. nowing the current state. K pneumatics, controls, etc.), we TPM, but maintenance excellence. We start by examining the can code the condition based on production floor, the maintenance the current state. This not only department(s) and the equipment. helps with the planning of TPM Area owners and operators provide improvement events, but also input for an assessment, which helps organizations plan and is a systems view of where the prioritize upgrades, overhauls, factory is from a standpoint of rebuilds and purchases. maintenance excellence. We use a progression benchmark, often 5. onducting a maintenance skills C in the structure of bronze/silver/ assessment, implementing a gold to determine the level of lean skills matrix. Gaps in skills must progression. The output provides be addressed. The first step is to parameters for priority and scope, identify what basic skills are in as well as a solid reference in need of enhancement and what structuring a get-well plan. machine/process-specific expertise needs to be upgraded. 2. stablishing a steering committee E or ownership structure. While 6. reating a communications C TPM can be described as a plan and determining initial “bottom-up” effort (meaning metrics/measures. It is necessary without support from the top), that both maintenance and it still requires a team to set goals production organizations know Doug Kiss is a Senior Management and identify good measures for full the why/how/when, and that Consultant at TBM. He can be implementation and sustainment. changes are in store. reached at dkiss@tbmcg.com. These are set as the organization establishes a “maintenance vision.” 7. rioritizing and planning P This Management Briefing has been workshops/events/training. modified for OpEx. For the complete 3. dentifying critical equipment. I One of the causes of less-than- 8. mplementing, assessing I version, go to the Resource Center at optimum TPM implementation and improving. www.tbmcg.com. OpEx Review | August 2012 | www.tbmcg.com | 7
  • 8. Case Study Proactive Defect Resolution: Medical Device Maker Avoids Shutdown, Achieves Full FDA Clearance with No Failures A basic tool continuous-improvement teams use to discover “hidden” quality problems is process mapping. Often, the root causes of long-entrenched problems become so obvious during mapping that it stuns and—well—embarrasses those who’ve been overlooking the problems day in and day out. But when the product is a highly engineered implantable medical device with an extremely complex supply chain (multiple lots of raw materials) and production processes (both process and discrete manufacturing; and a high frequency of production-machinery component changes), the sources of defects are not as obvious and can take months to identify. This was the case with a TBM client company that makes implanted medical devices. Despite the inherent complexities of the product and production processes, a CI team was able to identify the sources of the defects using common LeanSigma mapping and statistical tools, and the company resolved the problems and returned to full production with full clearance from the FDA and no reported failures in the field. During the subsequent multi-month process, two unique In-house researchers had discovered one defect during design- challenges presented themselves. First, the inspection method of-experiments testing on an unrelated product-design issue. that had identified the surface irregularity had never been The researchers discovered that during implant, a crack would used before, and team members believed that the irregularity form in the device. The team tested several more devices and was not a “new” defect, but simply one that had never been observed the same outcome. noticed before. Once the defect became apparent, though, it was impossible to “un notice” it to try to replicate previous During these tests, the researchers uncovered a second inspection techniques. A second challenge was that although previously unnoticed defect—a surface irregularity. the defect rate was extremely low, many of the expensive Ultimately, the team concluded that the surface irregularity units had to be deployed for testing while production—and was cosmetic and did not affect product performance or hence sales—were suspended. So financial considerations put patient experience; however, the company’s high quality additional pressure on the team to resolve the issue as quickly standards required correction. and efficiently as possible. The crack defect could have been more problematic: Had any Testing of process-related variables was an obvious path to defective devices been shipped and discovered as defective pursue for root-cause analysis. But because it was not known after a surgery, a surgeon would have had to remove the how long the defects had existed before they were detected, defective device and replace it. This additional surgery could and because of the high number of variables, parameters for cause scarring and other complications for patients. testing (where to begin and which changes to consider) were not obvious. The company expanded the investigation to include both defects after already suspending production and partnering with According to TBM Senior Management Consultant, Beth TBM to facilitate a kaizen to find the root causes of the crack. Morrison, the team started with a simple process-mapping 8 | OpEx Review | August 2012 | www.tbmcg.com
  • 9. Case Study, continued activity that ultimately provided invaluable insight into been an ‘aha’ tool, but it did make visible to everyone how which variables to consider, where to focus experimentation, changes that had been considered small could potentially and how seemingly small changes were having a big impact have a major impact on production performance, especially on processes. “We drew a chart on the wall that showed in combination with other changes.” successful past production leading into when the defect was detected, and then started writing on the wall—to scale— With insight from the timeline, the team conducted all of the things that had changed over time.” research to see if there was some combination of parts and materials that had led to the defects. Additionally, the team conducted experiments on different ways of using the device in the field, i.e., how it would be implanted, as well as changes to how the device’s “ timeline may not have been an ‘aha’ The materials were manufactured. tool, but it did make visible to everyone how The team also tested inspection methods for consistency changes that had been considered small using standard measurement systems analysis tools could potentially have a major impact on (attribute agreement analysis and expert re-inspection production performance, especially in techniques). Also important was the use of the external resources (SEM technology) to validate what the internal combination with other changes.” team had found. The problem-solving tools the team used led to discovering the root causes of both defects. Both of these issues were corrected, one defect being addressed through an improved assembly As team members gathered information for each research method and the other through a new finishing method. assignment (i.e., When did we change the raw materials lots? When did the new lots go into production? When did we change the lots of the device-application tool? When did we put in a new water-filtration system? When did we start a new cleaning procedure?), all of the activity— regardless of who performed the assignment—was documented and made visible to the team. The resulting timeline stood 30 inches tall, 10 feet long and covered about 18 months of process changes. At first, it hung in a conference room, but someone had been given the job of capturing it electronically, so it was moved from the conference room out into the hall so the person could work on it without disturbing people in the conference room. This serendipitous move elevated the timeline from a simple kaizen-team mapping tool to a method of providing deeper and wider visibility into end-to-end manufacturing processes. “Other people in the company—not just those on the team—were also able to comment on things that had changed,” Morrison said. “The timeline may not have OpEx Review | August 2012 | www.tbmcg.com | 9
  • 10. Strategic Vision As Apple’s Success Attests, Operational Excellence Isn’t Everything, But It Is Essential By Anand Sharma Operational excellence isn’t everything. Strategic Growth You might be surprised to hear such a statement coming from me. After Strategic Growth all, for more than two decades now we’ve helped clients become more Model operationally effective—by many orders of magnitude—and achieve vastly superior financial performance. Disciplined Execution But operational excellence is only one path to superior market performance. Another path is probably best illustrated by a company that’s never far from Operational Value today’s business headlines: Apple. Excellence Innovation The death of Apple’s co-founder and Leadership CEO, Steve Jobs, and release of his biography last year gave business owners and managers many opportunities to reflect on the life and accomplishments of an incredible business leader. Jobs’ remarkable and successful resurrection of Apple can’t help but make us think about the performance potential of our own companies, and the legacy that we want to leave behind. Very secretive on the supply chain side of its business, Apple isn’t known for operational excellence or lean production methods, mostly because Organizational Mission Core Values it subcontracts manufacturing and assembly of its products and components. Still, it repeatedly manages to meet dramatic demand spikes with subject of endless fascination. Still, Connect that which you every new product launch. But from a there are elements of its value-creation VALUE to that which you DO value perspective—as in recognizing, model that other business leaders The mission and core values of an creating and providing value that its can learn from and build upon. organization empower people by customers are willing to pay for, a.k.a., The Strategic Growth Model that defining behaviors and clarifying rules of innovation—very few companies in I will explore here begins with an engagement. Our core values at TBM— history have been so successful. organization’s mission and core values, which I won’t recite here—reflect our and combines operational excellence focus on providing clear economic If it were easy to replicate Apple’s with value innovation through value to our customers and treating our success, the company wouldn’t be a disciplined execution. employees with the utmost respect. 10 | OpEx Review | August 2012 | www.tbmcg.com
  • 11. Strategic Vision, continued • hat factors could be raised well W countermeasures when expectations Apple’s Core Values beyond the industry standard? are not being met, and hold people Connect to Leaders, accountable. It incorporates buy-in from • hat services could be created that W your leadership team and makes everyone Employees and Consumers the industry has never offered? focus on the most important areas for the “ e believe that people with W future of the organization. The mindset of the leadership team must passion can change the world for also change. You have to think less about the better... And that those people Watering the Soil your customers as companies that buy The final component of the strategic who are crazy enough to think your products, and more as people who growth model is leadership. The they can change the world, are the you want to help be more successful. business leaders who I have worked ones who actually do.” Think less about building on what you’ve with personally share some common —Steve Jobs,1997 always done, and more about what personality characteristics. They are great could be done. Think less about current communicators who can clearly convey industry conditions, and more about their vision for the future. They realize how those conditions can be shaped and we have two ears and one mouth for a A company’s mission and values should transformed. Think less about doing make it clear for everyone what is reason, and therefore prize the inputs of more with less, and more about doing others. They are zealots whose passion is expected and accepted. Ideally, for such something that’s never been done before. values to have resonance, they will contagious and who can be deliberately connect personally with leadership, A Vision Without unsettling when necessary in order to employees and customers. Of course, release pent-up creativity. Finally, they a Plan Is a Dream management behavior and decisions are servants who derive their greatest The loftiest and most visionary strategy must always reflect the company’s values. satisfaction from putting their skills, means nothing if it can’t be executed. position and experience in service to others. According to one research study, only Become a Market Maker half of companies report some success In closing I’d like to leave you with two To avoid becoming a commodity executing their strategic plans, and questions to consider. What do you need producer, manufacturers must regularly only one out of three report significant to be “more of ” or “less of ” as a leader develop and offer forward leaps in success when it comes to execution. to transform your business for strategic customer value. By gathering relevant growth? And, how do you want to be customer insights and unarticulated The Japanese quality expert, Ryuji remembered? This strategic growth needs, and applying proven analytical Fukuda, noted that most business model can help get you there. tools, companies can uncover new, strategies and transformations fail exclusive knowledge about their markets primarily because of a lack of direction, and customers. Following this value resources, time and cooperation. He This article is based on innovation approach, they can then created the X-matrix to monitor and TBM President and translate this knowledge into unique address such issues as part of the strategy CEO Anand Sharma’s products and services. deployment framework. The strategy leadership presentation deployment process makes it possible at the TBM Executive For example, consider the key for managers to align an organization’s Exchange in June 2012. competitive issues and factors in your energy at all levels, implement markets. Do the answers to any of the following questions reveal any new Blue Oceans: The Value Innovation Metaphor paths to customer value? If a company limits its innovation efforts to increments of what already exists, trying • hat product or service factors that W to outperform rivals to grab a bigger share of the market, it’s swimming in waters the industry takes for granted can be bloodied by competition, a red ocean. But if your company can identify an eliminated? unfulfilled need and respond with a unique solution, it creates its own blue ocean free of competition where demand is created rather than fought over. • hat factors could be reduced well W below the industry standard? — Paraphrased from Blue Ocean Strategy, by W. Chan Kim and Renée Mauborgne, 2005 OpEx Review | August 2012 | www.tbmcg.com | 11
  • 12. Updates and Events New TBM VP to Focus on Growing Drug, Medical Device Markets Continuing the application of traditional lean As a TBM leader, much of his focus will TBM’s tradition manufacturing methods, but to help be on new-product development, which of fostering those industries understand that he sees as the greatest opportunity for mutual education operational excellence can accelerate operational excellence in these industries. through its client time-to-market for new healthcare relationships, Mark products and speed the achievement “The cycle of both drug discovery and Pope has stepped of firms’ internal goals.” drug development on the pharmaceutical into the role of side of the house is extensive. The Vice President for the Pharmaceutical Prior to joining TBM, Pope was the average drug takes eight to 10 years and Medical Products Practice. These Vice President of Business Excellence from the time the new molecular entity industries will explode over the next for Pfizer Pharmaceuticals. He led is developed through human clinical 30 years, as developing countries grow an internal consulting group of 30- trials, and the registration processes with economically and healthcare spending plus people focused on operational regulatory authorities. Devices have a in industrialized nations tilts drastically improvement within Pfizer’s global shorter cycle than drugs, but have a lot toward older citizens with more operations focused on material revenue of room for improvement as well. healthcare needs. increases, new capabilities development and cost efficiency. In two years, his “Compressing these cycle times and “My goal is to help TBM serve leadership delivered $200 million in bringing new technology to the market for pharmaceutical and medical incremental revenue and $1 billion in the betterment of the disease state and the products markets not only through SGA cost reductions. human experience is absolutely critical.” AIM for OPERATIONAL EXCELLENCE Publisher: Anand Sharma: asharma@tbmcg.com ® Executive Editor: Angela Scenna: ascenna@tbmcg.com September 19–20, 2012 • Atlanta, GA Three OpEx tracks: Contributors: Growth, Leading Change David Drickhamer, Doug Kiss, Beth Morrison, Mark Pope, and Improving Profitability. Angela Scenna, Anand Sharma, Dan Sullivan, Tonya Vinas Art Direction and Design: Crossbow Group, crossbowgroup.com Accelerate value creation and master new OpEx Printing: strategies at this year’s Carter Printing Graphics, Inc., carterprintingnc.com LeanSigma® Global Summit. Visit www.LeanSigmaGlobalSummit.com OpEx Review is a publication of TBM, the TBM logo, and LeanSigma® are registered TBM Consulting Group trademarks of TBM Consulting Group, Inc. 4400 Ben Franklin Boulevard Durham, North Carolina 27704 Find us on Our Blog 800.438.5535 www.tbmcg.com 12 OpEx Review | August 2012 | www.tbmcg.com