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Plant Structure
- 3. What we need to know! The structure and function of the leaves, stem and roots.
- 4. Discuss with the person next to you.. Functions of each part of the plant Leaf Stem Roots
- 5. Tissue system and its functions Component tissues Location of tissue systems Dermal Tissue System • protection • prevention of water loss Epidermis Periderm (in older stems and roots) Ground Tissue System • photosynthesis • food storage • regeneration • support • protection Parenchyma tissue Collenchyma tissue Sclerenchyma tissue Vascular Tissue System • transport of water and minerals • transport of food Xylem tissue Phloem tissue
- 6. The Stem 3 Main Functions! • Provides support for the plant • Transports water from the roots to the leaves and rest of plant • Transports glucose from the leaves to the parts of the plant that need it. Ok… so how????
- 7. So… Xylem and Phloem make up the transportation system of the plant. They are like the circulatory system of the plant
- 8. The xylem of a plant is the system of tubes and transport cells that circulates water and dissolved minerals.
- 9. As a plant, you have roots to help you absorb water. If your leaves need water and they are 100 feet above the ground, it is time to put the xylem into action! A one way system - root to leaves XYLEM
- 10. Xylem is made of vessels that are connected end to end for the maximum speed to move water around. They also have a secondary function of support. When someone cuts an old tree down, they reveal a set of rings. Those rings are the remains of old xylem tissue, one ring for every year the tree was alive
- 11. Enter phloem. The phloem cells are laid out end- to-end throughout the entire plant, transporting the sugars and other molecules created by the plant. Phloem is always alive. PHLOEM FUN!! What is the best way to think about phloem? Think about sap coming out of a tree. That dripping sap usually comes from the phloem.
- 12. Phloem 2 way process! Roots to shoots to leaves and back again
- 13. So how does the stem have a role in photosynthesis?? 2 Minutes to discuss with person next to you
- 14. The Roots • Hold plant in position • Absorb water and minerals from the soil • Have specialised cells to increase surface area for water intake Function
- 15. Carrots are one giant root!!
- 16. Radish Plant Root hairs Fragile parts of cells that grow from the main root They massively increase the surface area for absorption
- 17. 1. Root Hairs: increase surface area for water & mineral absorption 2. Meristem: region where new cells are produced 1. Root Cap: protects tip of growing root The Structure of a Root Root Hairs Meristem Root Cap Xylem Phloem
- 18. Root Types 2. Tap Roots –larger central root reaches deep water sources underground Ex. Trees, Carrots, & Dandelions 1. Fibrous Roots: Branching roots hold soil in place to prevent soil erosion Eg. Grasses
- 19. So what role to roots play in photosynthesis?? 2 mins to discuss!
- 20. Leaves!
- 21. 1. Main photosynthetic organ 2. Broad, flat surface increases surface area for light absorption Leaf Functions!
- 22. 3.Have systems to prevent water loss • Stomata open in day but close at night or when hot to conserve water • waxy cuticle on surface 4. System of gas exchange • Allow CO2 in and O2 out of leaf Leaf Functions!
- 23. Greener on top CO2 gets in here Leaf Structure
- 25. Leaf cell - palisade Position? Upper surface of leaf Features? Box shape Chloroplasts Function? Photosynthesis
- 27. Gas exchange Leaves are designed to allow carbon dioxide to get to the main chlorophyll layer at the top of the leaf They have small holes called stomata on the under surface Each hole is open & closed by 2 guard cells
- 28. Stoma position
- 29. Stoma is a small hole Its size is controlled by 2 guard cells closed open
- 30. Stoma function is for gas exchange in the leaf Carbon dioxide oxygen Guard cell Provided plant is photosynthesising
- 31. Stomata open and close at different times of the day When it is light the plant needs CO2 for photosynthesis so the stoma open At night (darkness) they close
- 32. So we’ve said the stoma allows for gas exhange i.e. CO2 in and O2 out.. How does this happen??
- 34. So thinking about photosynthesis.. How does CO2 enter the leaf by diffusion and how does O2 leave by diffusion??
- 35. HOMEWORK Construct a poster of a NZ native plant. Label with plant parts and the functions of them relating to photosynthesis – make them pretty!!