This is the presentation I delivered at the First International Workshop on the Sharing Economy (Utrecht, June 2015).
The presentation introduces the background and initial findings of a three-months project which is part of the Liveable Cities research programme.
http://liveablecities.org.uk/
https://shareableandliveable.wordpress.com/
http://www.uu.nl/en/IWSE2015/programme
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Lancaster as a sharing city
1. LANCASTER AS A SHARING CITY
an interdisciplinary exploration
and thought experiment
Serena Pollastri, Rachel Cooper, Chris Boyko, Stephen Clune,
Claire Coulton, Nick Dunn
Imagination at Lancaster University
4. _context
2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
phase 1
phase 2
Research and testing
Complementary themes
research challenges:
1_ Urban metabolism
2_ Wellbeing
3_ Low carbon energy
4_ Future visions
5_ Engineering strategies
sharingcity
radicalmobilities
ecosystemservicedcity
re-zonedcity
investing city
cityofsynthesisedflows
delivering the liveable city
5. _Research questions
1) What could a sharing city look like and how does it
function?
a. What gets shared in the sharing city?
b. Who shares (e.g., between groups, between cities)?
c. How does sharing occur?
d. Why?
2) What needs to be done to develop a system in cities that
encourages sharing that improves wellbeing/energy use/
governance/resource sharing
a. Who does it?
b. What are the barriers to creating and maintaining such a sharing city?
3) Can sharing cities reduce carbon and other resource use
while positively impacting wellbeing?
a. How do sharing cities impact individual, community and planetary wellbeing?
b. Is sharing equal for all parties involved?
7. _What is a sharing city?
We define Sharing Cities as cities where individualistic
consumption of resources and ideologies are valued less than
those that emphasise the collective benefit to citizens and
other stakeholders.
A sharing city is a city that:
- treats its resources and opportunities as commons to be
shared equally
- enables creative bottom up initiatives of sharing to emerge,
and provides the infrastructure that is necessary to amplify
positive weak signals. Reconsiders the traditional production-
consumption paradigm in favour of collaborative models
- has an open and receptive approach to governance
8. _What is a sharing city?
Sharing city
=
City of sharing economy
9. _What is sharing?
sharing
gift givingeconomic
exchange _ special occasion
_ the thoughts counts more
than what is given
_ implies reciprocity
_transfer of ownership
_ everyday life
_ impersonal
_ implies compensation
_ transfer of ownership
_ nonceremonial
_ care, love, social links.
_ reciprocity is not expected
_ shared ownership or
usufruct rights
Belk, Russell. 2010. âSharing.â Journal of Consumer Research 36 (5): 715â34.
10. _Dimensions of sharing
sharing
gift givingeconomic
exchange
Belk, Russell. 2010. âSharing.â Journal of Consumer Research 36 (5): 715â34.
Sharing in
e.g. My partner and I share
an allotment
e.g. Gardenshare
Sharing out
11. _Dimensions of sharing
sharing
gift givingeconomic
exchange
Belk, Russell. 2010. âSharing.â Journal of Consumer Research 36 (5): 715â34.
Sharing in
e.g. My partner and I share
an allotment
e.g. Gardenshare
e.g. City park, community
gardens
Sharing out
Commons
12. _Dimensions of sharing
Sharing in
private ownership public good
Sharing out Commons
Sharing economy,
collaborative consumption,
peer-to-peer economy
13. _Dimensions of sharing
Sharing in
private ownership public good
Sharing out Commons
Sharing economy,
collaborative consumption,
peer-to-peer economy
sharing city
18. LANCASTER AS A
SHARING CITY
WORKSHOP
Making things visible and tangible
Imagine future scenarios of sharing
connecting what happens now on a small,
disconnected scale, to ideas on what would
happen if these solutions were amplified, new
services and infrastructures were created, and
obstacles that prevent sharing were removed.
20. sharing a
hillside*
Fair Trade
International
Fair Trade
Towns
International
Sharing
Knowledge
Academic
Project
Sharing ideas
(education and
academia)
Peer Education
Information
about planning
for the future.
Have worked with
others to devise a
portfolio and run
workshops. Also a
member of Transition
Freegling
Reusing unwanted
items
Incredible
Edible
Lancaster community
gardens (all in public
space)
Garden
Share
Claver Hill
Community food
growing
project/farm.
We share 12
chickens with 7
households.
My day is Saturday.
Research on
Lancaster food
groups
Sharing
knowledge on
environmental
sustainability
Member of
ESTA
going to sell tea
and hand made
cups in local
community as well
as creating poetry
Building
community
Online system
that allows older
adult to teach
English to
non-native
speakers
To create shared
experiences by
developing an
Green
Lancaster
Sharing food and
space
Ethical Small
Trade
Association
(ESTA)
Friend of
the Storey
Garden
School
lifts car
sharing
Lancaster -
Glasson Dock
Lancaster
Arts Partners
Art City
Project
Lancaster
community
car-club
Morecambe
Library
shares its building
with young
people service
Library
- venue share
- information
support.
- local community
groups
- resources (books,
computer, DVD...)
- volunteers and
friends sharing
time
Park
Friends
group*
sharing
space
sharing
kn owledge
sharing
ideas
sharing
things
sharing
Time sharing
experiences
sharing
skills
sharing
Food
sharing
mobility
sharing
go vernance
Categories (what is shared)
Examples:
Happens in one key space
Happens in a network of spaces
Part of a bigger network
informal
formal
Key to the diagram:
_Making sharing visible and tangible
22. _Making sharing visible and tangible
Mapping current and potential
connections, and learnings.
23. _Imagine future scenarios of sharing
- Five tables. Each table has a
map of Lancaster, some material
(markers, play-doh, blocks..)
- We asked: what would you
Create / Amplify / Destroy
24. THEMES
AND ISSUESHUBSAND
BRIDGES
Redesign
mobility
Bridge Lancaster-
Morecambe
New models of
governance
Rethink local
economy
Spaces for
sharing
Focus on
values
Time for
sharing
Communication
in and outside
the network
Knowledge
exchange
Food as a
catalyst
Redesign
mobility
nd outsidtandnd
the networkwththe
Spaces
sharin
Reth
econ
on
es
d
catalystcat
overnancencv
ge
gege
-
e
r
g
public space as
sharing platform
dedicated
sharing hubs
local version ofâsharing
economyâ?
spaces and networks to
enable knowledge
sharing
(car free) physical
infrastructure to support
sharing
non-physical
infrastructure to enable
sharing (communication
and participation)
community use of
underutilized resources
in schools
pedestrianLancasterknowledgeexchange
betweenuniversity,NGOs,
enterpreneurs,community
parkandride
amplifycentralrole
oflibrary
hitchikingpointsUniversity/town
sharingfood,sharingstories,
capturevalues
LancasterUniversitytrainstation
amplifyfoodeconomy
transportbetw
een
Lancaster,
M
orecam
be,and
villages
m
arketasa
sharing
platform
connect Lancaster/Morecam
be for
Morecam
beâs wellbeing
school kitchens for
com
m
unity use
create time to activate volunteers
space in school to be used
as coop space
rethink work hours/wage to value
time spent in community
Corner stores as cultural hubs
create trust; prioritise openness,
transparency, emotions. Value
driven rather than task driven
communal eco-centre
(in place of Primark)
Communicate sharing
destroy Primark(opening in Fall 2015)
Re-brand Lancaster as a
Sharing City
more spaces for people to gettogether
network of community ânotice
boardsâ
more public space
(parks/along river)
create ways to get peopleâs voice
heard
pedestrian spaces for
walking and doing
no
CityCouncil
theA6
through
route
collaborativerepresentation
(insteadofcitycouncil)
theonewaysystem
newgovernance:âpowerwithâ
ratherthanâpoweroverâ
severelyreducecars
managesharing
saferbikeaccess
_Lancaster as a sharing city
25. _Themes
THEMES
AND ISSUES
Redesign
mobility
Bridge Lancaster-
Morecambe
New models of
governance
Rethink local
economy
Spaces for
sharing
Focus on
values
Time for
sharing
Communication
in and outside
the network
Knowledge
exchange
Food as a
catalyst
Redesign
mobility
nd outsidtandnd
the networkwththe
Spaces
sharin
Reth
econ
on
es
d
catalystcat
overnancencv
ge
gege
-
e
r
g
pe
par
hitchik
LancasterU
transportbetw
een
Lancas
M
orecam
be,and
villages
rketasatform
connect Lancaster/Morecam
be for
Morecam
beâs wellbeing
school kitchens for
com
m
unity use
create time to activate volu
space in school to be used
as coop space
rethink work hours/w
time spent in commu
er stores as cultural hubs
create trust; priorit
transparency, emo
driven rather than
communal eco-centre
(in place of Primark)
Communicate shar
destroy Primark
opening in Fall 2015)
Re-brand Lancaster as
Sharing City
spaces for people to gettogether
network of community ânot
boardsâ
more public space
(parks/along river)
create ways to get peopl
heard
pedestrian spaces for
walking and doing
no
CityCo
theA6
through
route
c
ewaysystem
ucecars
cess
26. _Hubs and Bridges
THEMES
AND ISSUESHUBSAND
BRIDGES
Redesign
mobility
Bridge Lancaster-
Morecambe
New models of
governance
Rethink local
economy
Spaces for
sharing
Focus on
values
Time for
sharing
Communication
in and outside
the network
Knowledge
exchange
Food as a
catalyst
Redesign
mobility
nd outsidtandnd
the networkwththe
Spaces
sharin
Reth
econ
on
es
d
catalystcat
overnancencv
ge
gege
-
e
r
g
public space as
sharing platform
dedicated
sharing hubs
local version ofâsharing
economyâ?
spaces and networks to
enable knowledge
sharing
(car free) physical
infrastructure to support
sharing
non-physical
infrastructure to enable
sharing (communication
and participation)
community use of
underutilized resources
in schools
pedestrianLancasterknowledgeexchange
betweenuniversity,NGOs,
enterpreneurs,community
parkandride
amplifycentralrole
oflibrary
hitchikingpointsUniversity/town
sharingfood,sharingstories,
capturevalues
LancasterUniversitytrainstation
amplifyfoodeconomy
transportbetw
een
Lancaster,
M
orecam
be,and
villages
m
arketasa
sharing
platform
connect Lancaster/Morecam
be for
Morecam
beâs wellbeing
school kitchens for
com
m
unity use
create time to activate volunteers
space in school to be used
as coop space
rethink work hours/wage to value
time spent in community
Corner stores as cultural hubs
create trust; prioritise openness,
transparency, emotions. Value
driven rather than task driven
communal eco-centre
(in place of Primark)
Communicate sharing
destroy Primark(opening in Fall 2015)
Re-brand Lancaster as a
Sharing City
more spaces for people to gettogether
network of community ânotice
boardsâ
more public space
(parks/along river)
create ways to get peopleâs voice
heard
pedestrian spaces for
walking and doing
no
CityCouncil
theA6
through
route
collaborativerepresentation
(insteadofcitycouncil)
theonewaysystem
newgovernance:âpowerwithâ
ratherthanâpoweroverâ
severelyreducecars
managesharing
saferbikeaccess
28. Community use of underutilised spaces in
schools
_Hubs (some ideas)
Image: http://foodcycle.org.uk/
âwhat if school kitchen were
used by the community
outside school hours?â
29. Spaces and networks to enable
knowledge sharing
_Hubs and bridges (some ideas)
30. Car-free mobility infrastructure to
connect (necessary for sharing)
_Bridges (some ideas)
âfirst of all, letâs create better
connections by getting rid of
traffic.â
31. Non-physical infrastructure to enable
sharing, communication and participation
_Bridges (some ideas)
Image: www.flickr.com/ photos/91429570@N08/8519127455/
33. _Research and analysis
Sharing in Sharing out Commons
sharing city
urban
metabolism
(flows)
future
visions,
radical
engineering
governance
and finance
low-carbon
energywellbeing,
mobilities,
aspirations
34. _Research and analysis
example: ENERGY
NATIONAL GRID
TESLA Home
battery
Producer to
consumer
Safe, resilient,
quality
not the grid
(different users,
different reasons)
P2P model
MODEL REASON
35. _Research and analysis
example: ENERGY
NATIONAL GRID
TESLA Home
battery
Producer to
consumer
Safe, resilient,
quality
not the grid
(different users,
different reasons)
P2P model
MODEL REASON
altruism necessity
anti-consumerism
resource efficiency
36. _Research and analysis
example: ENERGY
NATIONAL GRID
NATIONAL GRID
TESLA Home
battery
TESLA Home battery
Producer to
consumer
Safe, resilient,
quality
not the grid
(different users,
different reasons)
P2P model
MODEL
SCALES
REASON
centralised formal top down
decentralised informal bottom up
37. _Research and analysis
example: ENERGY
NATIONAL GRID
TESLA Home
battery
Producer to
consumer
Safe, resilient,
quality
not the grid
(different users,
different reasons)
P2P model
MODEL REASON
Implications for wellbeing, resources, resilience, governance?