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Profit Maximisation under Perfect Competition and Monopoly
Alternative Market Structures ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Alternative Market Structures ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Features of the four market structures
Features of the four market structures
Features of the four market structures
Features of the four market structures
Features of the four market structures
Features of the four market structures
Alternative Market Structures ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Perfect Competition ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Perfect Competition ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Short-run equilibrium of industry and firm under perfect competition O £ (b)  Firm Q  (thousands) O (a)  Industry P Q  (millions) Q e S D P e MC AR D = AR = MR AC AC
Loss minimising under perfect competition O O (a)  Industry P £ Q  (millions) S D (b)  Firm Q  (thousands) Q e P 1 D 1  = AR 1 = MR 1 AR 1 MC AC AC
Short-run shut-down point O O (a)  Industry P £ Q  (millions) S (b)  Firm MC AC Q  (thousands) D 2 P 2 AR 2 D 2  = AR 2 = MR 2 AVC
Perfect Competition ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Perfect Competition ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Long-run equilibrium under perfect competition O O P £ Q  (millions) Q L Q  (thousands) New firms enter Supernormal profits Profits return to normal (a)  Industry (b)  Firm S 1 D LRAC P L P 1 S e AR 1 D 1 AR L D L
Perfect Competition ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Long-run equilibrium of the firm under perfect competition £  Q  O (SR)AC  (SR)MC  LRAC  AR = MR D L LRAC  =  (SR)AC  =  (SR)MC  =   MR   =  AR
Perfect Competition ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Perfect Competition ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Perfect Competition ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Monopoly ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Concentration ratios in the UK
Monopoly ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Monopoly ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
AR  and  MR  curves for a monopoly Q (units) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 P =AR (£) 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 AR AR, MR  (£) Quantity
AR  and  MR  curves for a monopoly Q (units) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 P =AR (£) 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 TR (£) 8 14 18 20 20 18 14 MR (£) 6 4 2 0 -2 -4 MR AR, MR  (£) Quantity AR
Monopoly ,[object Object],[object Object]
Profit maximising under monopoly £  Q  O Q m MR MC
Monopoly ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Profit maximising under monopoly £  Q  O Q m MR MC
Profit maximising under monopoly £  Q  O MC   Q m MR AC AR  AC  AR
Profit maximising under monopoly £  Q  O MC   AC Q m MR AR AR  AC  Total profit
Monopoly ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Monopoly ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Equilibrium of  industry under perfect competition and monopoly: with the same  MC  curve £  Q  O Q 1 P 1 Monopoly AR = D MC  MR
Equilibrium of  industry under perfect competition and monopoly: with the same  MC  curve £  Q  O MC  ( = supply under  perfect competition) Q 1 MR P 1 Q 2 AR = D Comparison with Perfect competition P 2
Monopoly ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Monopoly ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Equilibrium of  industry under perfect competition and monopoly:  with different  MC  curves £  Q  O Q 1 MR P 1 MC monopoly AR = D
Equilibrium of  industry under perfect competition and monopoly:  with different  MC  curves £  Q  O MC  ( = supply) perfect competition Q 1 MR P 1 P 2 Q 2 MC monopoly AR = D x Q 3 P 3
Monopoly ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Contestable Markets ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

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Profitmax

  • 1. Profit Maximisation under Perfect Competition and Monopoly
  • 2.
  • 3.
  • 4. Features of the four market structures
  • 5. Features of the four market structures
  • 6. Features of the four market structures
  • 7. Features of the four market structures
  • 8. Features of the four market structures
  • 9. Features of the four market structures
  • 10.
  • 11.
  • 12.
  • 13. Short-run equilibrium of industry and firm under perfect competition O £ (b) Firm Q (thousands) O (a) Industry P Q (millions) Q e S D P e MC AR D = AR = MR AC AC
  • 14. Loss minimising under perfect competition O O (a) Industry P £ Q (millions) S D (b) Firm Q (thousands) Q e P 1 D 1 = AR 1 = MR 1 AR 1 MC AC AC
  • 15. Short-run shut-down point O O (a) Industry P £ Q (millions) S (b) Firm MC AC Q (thousands) D 2 P 2 AR 2 D 2 = AR 2 = MR 2 AVC
  • 16.
  • 17.
  • 18. Long-run equilibrium under perfect competition O O P £ Q (millions) Q L Q (thousands) New firms enter Supernormal profits Profits return to normal (a) Industry (b) Firm S 1 D LRAC P L P 1 S e AR 1 D 1 AR L D L
  • 19.
  • 20. Long-run equilibrium of the firm under perfect competition £ Q O (SR)AC (SR)MC LRAC AR = MR D L LRAC = (SR)AC = (SR)MC = MR = AR
  • 21.
  • 22.
  • 23.
  • 24.
  • 26.
  • 27.
  • 28. AR and MR curves for a monopoly Q (units) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 P =AR (£) 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 AR AR, MR (£) Quantity
  • 29. AR and MR curves for a monopoly Q (units) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 P =AR (£) 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 TR (£) 8 14 18 20 20 18 14 MR (£) 6 4 2 0 -2 -4 MR AR, MR (£) Quantity AR
  • 30.
  • 31. Profit maximising under monopoly £ Q O Q m MR MC
  • 32.
  • 33. Profit maximising under monopoly £ Q O Q m MR MC
  • 34. Profit maximising under monopoly £ Q O MC Q m MR AC AR AC AR
  • 35. Profit maximising under monopoly £ Q O MC AC Q m MR AR AR AC Total profit
  • 36.
  • 37.
  • 38. Equilibrium of industry under perfect competition and monopoly: with the same MC curve £ Q O Q 1 P 1 Monopoly AR = D MC MR
  • 39. Equilibrium of industry under perfect competition and monopoly: with the same MC curve £ Q O MC ( = supply under perfect competition) Q 1 MR P 1 Q 2 AR = D Comparison with Perfect competition P 2
  • 40.
  • 41.
  • 42. Equilibrium of industry under perfect competition and monopoly: with different MC curves £ Q O Q 1 MR P 1 MC monopoly AR = D
  • 43. Equilibrium of industry under perfect competition and monopoly: with different MC curves £ Q O MC ( = supply) perfect competition Q 1 MR P 1 P 2 Q 2 MC monopoly AR = D x Q 3 P 3
  • 44.
  • 45.